Indawo ehlala ecaleni lolunxwemeni lwaseTanzania kwaye ihlanjwe ngamanzi afudumele, acacileyo eLwandle lwase-Indiya, iZanzibar yindawo ejikelezayo enezityalo ezininzi eziqhankqalakileyo-ezi zimbini ezinkulu ziyiPemba kunye ne-Unguja, okanye isiqithi saseZanzibar. Namhlanje, igama elithi Zanzibar livusa imifanekiso yamagqabi esanti amhlophe, amaqatha amancinci kunye nolwandle oluhlaza, bonke bavanye ngomoya ovuthayo onobukhulu bemimoya yokurhweba yaseMpuma Afrika. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukudibanisa neentengiso zekhoboka kwanika i-archipelago idumela elibi kakhulu.
Uhlobo lohlobo oluthile okanye olunye luyingxenye ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yesiqithi kwaye luye lwafaka imbali yayo kwiminyaka eyiwaka. Ubunikazi beZanzibar njengendawo yokurhweba i-hotspot yaqulunqwa yindawo yayo kwindlela yokurhweba esuka e-Arabia ukuya e-Afrika; kunye nobuninzi bezinto eziqingqiweyo, kuquka iiflove, i-sinamoni kunye ne-nutmeg. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukulawulwa kweZanzibar kwakuchaza ukufikeleleka kobutyebi obungacatshangelwayo, yingakho iimbali ezithembekileyo zeengqungquthela zineenkquzulwano, ukubetha, kunye nabanqobileyo.
Imbali yo kuqala
Izixhobo zamatye ezigqitywa kwiCumbi yoMkhombe ngo-2005 zibonisa ukuba imbali yoluntu yaseZanzibar ibuyele kwixesha langaphambili. Kucingelwa ukuba abahlali bokuqala babehamba phambili kwaye abahlali bokuqala abasigxina be-archipelago babengamalungu amaqela aseBantu ayenzela ukuwela ngaphesheya kwe-East Africa malunga ne-1000 AD. Nangona kunjalo, kucatshangelwa ukuba abathengisi baseAsia bavakatye iZanzibar iminyaka engama-900 ngaphambi kokufika kwabahlali.
Ngekhulu le-8, abathengisi basePersi bafikelela kummandla wonxweme waseMpuma Afrika. Bakhele indawo yokuhlala kwiZanzibar, eyakhula ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezine ezizayo kwizithuba zorhwebo ezakhiwe ngaphandle kwelitye - isakhiwo sokwakha ngokutsha ngokupheleleyo kweli candelo lehlabathi. AmaSulumane aqaliswa kwiindawo ezinxweme ezikulo xesha, kwaye ngo-1107 AD abahlali baseYemen bakha i-mosque yokuqala e-southern hemisphere e-Kizimkazi kwiSiqithi saseUnguja.
Phakathi kwekhulu le-12 nele-15, ukurhweba phakathi kwe-Arabia, iPersia neZanzibar kwaqhakaza. Njengegolide, iindlovu, izigqila kunye neziqholo zatshintshana ngezandla, i-archipelago yakhula kwezo zombini ubutyebi namandla.
Ixesha leColonial
Ngasekupheleni kweSikhulu se-15, umhloli wamaPutukezi uVaso da Gama waya eZanzibar, kwaye iindleko zexabiso le-archipelago njengeyona ndawo ekujoliswe kuyo ukuqhuba urhwebo kunye ne-Swahili isizwe ngokukhawuleza sifinyelele eYurophu. IZanzibar yahlulwa yiPutukezi kwiminyaka embalwa kamva waza waba yinxalenye yombuso wayo. I-archipelago yahlala phantsi kolawulo lwesiPutukezi malunga neminyaka engama-200, ngelixesha apho i-fort yakhiwa ePemba njengezokukhusela kuma-Arabhu.
IsiPhuthukezi saqala nokwakhiwa kwinqaba yamatye e-Unguja, eya kuthi ibe yinto eyingxenye yecandelo lembali elidumileyo leSixeko saseZanzibar, iTown Town .
I-Oman
Ngo-1698, amaPutukezi axoshwa yi-Omanis, kwaye iZanzibar yaba yinxalenye yeSultanate yaseOman. Urhwebo luye lwahluma kwakhona ngokugxila kumakhoboka, kwindlovu, kunye neengubo; ekugqibeleni kwaqala ukuveliswa kwizinga elikhulu kwiindawo ezinikezelweyo. I-Omanis isetyenzisile ubutyebi obuveliswe ngamashishini ukuqhubeka nokwakhiwa kweendonga kunye neenqaba eziseTyard Town, eyaba yimizi ecebile kakhulu kuloo mmandla.
Abemi besiqithi base-Afrika babesigqila kwaye besetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zabasebenzi kumahhala. Izibhengezo zakhiwa kuzo zonke iziqithi ukukhusela, kwaye ngowe-1840, uSultan Seyyid Said wenza i-Stone Town inkulu-dolophu yaseOman. Emva kokufa kwakhe, u-Oman noZanzibar baba ziinqununu ezimbini ezihlukeneyo, elowo lugweba ngabanye oonyana bakaSultan. Ixesha lolawulo luka-Omani eZanzibar luchazwe ngolu hlobo nolwabuhlungu bezorhwebo lwekhoboka njengoko kubutyebi obubudala, kunye namakhoboka angaphezu kwama-50,000 adlula kwiimarike zengqungquthela ngonyaka.
Umthetho waseBrithani nokuzimela
Ukususela ngo-1822 ukuya phambili, iBrithani ithatha inzala ethe xaxa eZanzibar ngokubanzi ngokubanzi malunga nomnqweno wokuphelisa intengiso yehlabathi. Emva kokusayinwa kwezivumelwano ezininzi kunye noSultan Seyyid Said kunye nenzala yakhe, urhwebo lwezogqila lwaseZanzibar lwagqitywa ngo-1876.
Impembelelo yaseBrithani eZanzibar yaqhubeka yabizwa ngakumbi kwaze kwaba yilapho iSigqeba saseHeligoland-Zanzibar saqulunqwa kwiindawo ezinxweme njenge-British Protectorate ngo-1890.
NgoDisemba 10 ngo-1963, iZanzibar yanikwa ukuzimela njengombuso womgaqo-siseko; de iinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, xa impumelelo yeZanzibar Revolution yasungula i-archipelago njenge-republic republic. Ngethuba lovuko, abantu abali-12 000 baseArabhu nabamaNdiya babulawa ngokubuyisela ubugqwetha ngamashumi eminyaka ebukhoboka ngabavukeli be-wing ekhohlo ekhokelwa ngu-Uganda u-John Okello.
Ngo-Ephreli 1964, umongameli omtsha wenza ubunye kunye nelizwe laseTanzania (ekuthiwa yiTanganyika). Nangona i-archipelago ibe nenxalenye efanelekileyo yezopolitiko kunye nokungabikho kwenkolo ukususela ngoko, i-Zanzibar ihlala inxalenye engqongqo yeTanzania namhlanje.
Ukuhlola Imbali Yesiqithi
Iindwendwe zanamhlanje kwiZanzibar ziya kufumana ubungqina obuninzi beembali ezizityebi eziqithi. Ngokungafanelekiyo, indawo engcono kakhulu yokuqala isendaweni yaseTyard, ngoku ikhethwe njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli le-UNESCO ngokukhazimulisa ubuninzi bezobugcisa. Iindwendwe ezikhokelwayo zinika ingqiqo evuyisayo kwiimpembelelo zaseAsia, iArabhu, zaseAfrika nase-Yurophu, ezizibonakalisa ngokwabo ekuqoqweni kwezinto ezinqabileyo, ezinjengama-mosque kunye neemakethi. Olunye uhambo luya kutyelela izityalo eziqingqiweyo zase-Unguja.
Ukuba uceba ukuhlola iLatye yaseTyileni, qinisekisa ukutyelela iNdlu yeWonders, ibhotwe elakhiwe ngo-1883 kwiSultan yesibili yaseZanzibar; kunye ne-Old Fort, eqalwe yiPutukezi ngo-1698. Ngenye indawo, iinqununu zangekhulu le-13 zedolophu eyinqomelo eyakhiwe ngaphambi kokufika kwesiPutukezi ingatholakala ePujini kwisiqithi sasePemba. Ekufuphi, amanxuwa aseRas Mkumbuu abuyele ekhulwini le-14 kwaye aquka iindawo ezihlala kwi-mosque enkulu.