Into Eyinyani okanye i-Clever Fake?
I-Tsanta yizona iintloko eziziwayo ezidumiweyo zaseJivaro zase- Ecuador nasePeru (bona isithombe ).
Izizwe zaseJivaro, ikakhulukazi i-Shuar zazihlala zilwa imfazwe, kwaye ngaphezu kwithuba lokuphindezela impembelelo, zazixhatshazela abafazi kunye neempahla. Baxubha iintloko zeentshaba zabo njengeempi zokulwa.
Ekubeni babulala abantu abaninzi emfazweni, iintlanga zazisithembu, zihlala zijonge kwimvula yamanzi malunga neentloko zase-Amazon.
Xa amaSpain afika, iJivaros yayimelana nokunyaniseka kwabo kwintsimi yabo, kangangokuba amaSpain, emva kweminyaka engama-25,000 kuthiwa baxhelwa ngowe-1599, baphinde bawayeka.
Iindaba zee-Shrunken Heads
Kwakungekho ngasekupheleni kwee-1800 ukuba iindaba zeendlela zokuzingela intloko kunye neendlela ezifikela kwilizwe langaphandle. Umqhubi weFW Up of Graff uxela ukuhambela kwi-Head Hunters Of the Amazon, enegama eli-Seven Years Of Exploration and Adventure, apho wahamba kunye neqela lemfazwe waza wabona ubungqina bokubulala, ukuchithwa kwe-decapitation kunye ne-gray-shrinking process.
Ukulandelelana kweengxelo zakhe, ukuhweba okunyamekayo kwintloko e-shrunken yavela, kwaye iJivaros yaqala ukubonelela ngeentloko ezithengiswayo. Abaxhamli, ngokuqhelekileyo abatyali-mali, kwamanye amazwe, kuquka iPanama, abakhokhiweyo kwintengiso ngokudala iintloko zabo, basebenzisa izilwanyana okanye imizimba engalawulwayo.
Emva kokunciphisa amaxhoba abo, abaqhubi be-Jivaro baqhekeza umgca we-bark ngomlomo nangaphandle entanyeni baze bawuthwele ngamagxolo okanye ngeenwele kwiinkampu zabo zemfazwe.
Emva koko, bawucoca kwaye bawususa isikhumba sekhayi ngaphantsi kwekhanda ukuya entanyeni. Ikrele laphonswa kwaye isikhumba siphenduka ngaphakathi. Emva kokuqhawula ngaphakathi kwesikhumba ecocekileyo, intloko yafakwa ngaphakathi kwebhodyi elikhethekileyo kwaye yaxutywa kwaze kwaba yilapho ihlambulukile kwaye iyancitshiswa ibe yi-sibini yesithathu ubukhulu bayo bendalo.
Ngentloko ngoku ikhutshwe ngobungakanani, umkhosi waqhosha emva kwentloko ivaliwe. Wenza okufanayo ngamehlo nangomlomo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukushiya imivumba yamagxolo okanye i-fiber plant ephuma emlonyeni.
Wabeka amacwecwe atshisayo okanye isanti elishisayo ngaphakathi kwentloko kwaye wayigubha ngeenxa zonke ukugqiba umjikelezo wokumisa. Ngethuba le nto yayiqhubekile, wabumba ubuso ngobuninzi obushushu ukuze abukeke njengezitha ezifile. Ngamanye amaxesha iinwele zazinqunyulwa ukuze zifake intloko ye-shrunken okanye ikhohlo elide njengento yokuphatha.
Umnqweno wokugqiba wafika ngokufa kwentloko umbala omnyama obomvu kunye nelayi yezityalo kunye nokufaka intambo yokugqoka i-trophy entanyeni yakhe.
Ukubuyela ekhaya kunye namatye akhe kwakubangela ukubhiyozela. Ukuxhoba amaqhawe kubonisa i-tsanta yabo, banyusa ubuqaqawuli babo kwisizwe baze bacinge nokuba yintoni na ixhoba elinalo. Xa i-head of shrunken iintloko njengama-curios, iiJivaros zanikezela.
Ukongezelela kwiintloko zabantu, iJivaros shrank iintloko zemithi yeemithi, zikholelwa kumntu onjengaye.
Ecuador
Ukuba uhamba e-Ecuador kwaye u tyelela idolophu yeColenca ye-colonial ungaphuthelwa ukuyeka kwi-Museo Pumapungo del Ministerio de Cultura. Imyuziyam enkulu ehlala kwiphiko leBhanki Ephakathi apho ungafunda ngembali yemali e-Ecuador.
Nangona kunjalo, libuye ikhaya leendawo ezahlukeneyo zobomi bomdabu e-Ecuador, kubandakanywa iintloko ze-shrunken. Awuvunyelwe ukuthatha iifoto kodwa apha ungakwazi ukufunda ngezizwe zeJivaro kwaye ujonge i-tsanta eyiyo.
Iimyuziyam zikhulu kwaye zidinga iiyure eziliqela kodwa ngenhlanhla, ikhululekile ukuze ukwazi ukwahlula ukutyelela kwakho kwiintsuku ezimbalwa.
I-Museo Pumapungo del Ministerio de Cultura isecaleni lendawo yedolophu yaseCuenca ngasempumalanga yeKalle Larga, idibanisa noHuayna Capac. Iimyuziyamu zivulekileyo ngeveki 8 ukuya kwe-5: ngo-30 ntambama, ngoMgqibelo ngo-9 ukuya ku-1pm kwaye zivaliwe ngeCawa.
Unomdla kwizizwe zomthonyama eMzantsi Melika? Khangela abantu base-Canari base-Ecuador.