Iinqanawa zasemanzini, ezibizwa nangokuthi iinqununu zolwandle, ziye zadlulela iintlekele zemvelo, ukunyuka nokutshabalalisa ezinye iintlobo ezinjengezino-dinosaurs, kodwa ngoku zijongene nokuqedwa kwi-predator yazo enkulu: indoda.
Kukho iintlobo ezisixhenxe zeentlanzi zaselwandle emhlabeni jikelele, zonke zikwabelana ngokubanzi kunye nemigangatho yezinto ezifanayo, nangona iimpawu zihluke.
Iintlobo ezibhalwe apha ngezantsi zizo zifumaneka kwiLatin America.
Intsimi yabo ukusuka kwiMntla Merika, kunye nommandla ofudumele wePacifi neCaribbean phantsi kweAtlantic ukuya ngasezantsi eBrazil naseUruguay. Kukho iintlanzi eziluhlaza kwi-archipagos yaseGalapagos, kodwa ungazidibanisi nezihluthu ezinkulu.
Kukho ukukhusela kunye nokulondolozwa kwemizamo yokulondoloza ii-turtles. E-Uruguay, iprojekti yeKarumbé iye yabeka esweni iindawo ezimbini zokuphucula kunye nentuthuko yeentlanzi ezilwanyana ezincinane (Chelonia mydas) iminyaka emihlanu. E-Panama, i-Chiriquí Beach, iProama Hawksbill Tracking Project inxalenye yeCaribbean Conservation Corporation kunye neLwandle iTurtle Survival League.
Ezi zintathu zeentlobo ezi sixhenxe zibeka ingozi kakhulu:
- I-Hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata)
Igama eliqhelekileyo: I-Hawksbill - ebizwa ngokuba yintloko yayo encinci kunye ne-hawk-like pit.Igama lezesayensi: Eretmochelys imbricata
Inkcazo: I-hawksbill yenye yeenqanawa ezincinane zolwandle. Intloko inqabile kwaye inamabini amabini e-scrontal scales (isikali phambi kwamehlo ayo). Umlanjwana awunamanzi. I-Carapace ibhokhwe ngaphandle kwemigqomo kwaye inemikhankaso emikhulu, i-over-lapping scutes (izikali) ezikhoyo kwaye ine-4 scal scutes. I-Carapace iyimimoya ebonakalayo. Iintlanzi zinamacwecwe a-2. I-carapace i-orange, i-brown okanye i-yellow and hatchlings ibinomdaka obunobumba obomvu.
Ubukhulu: Abadala banama-2.5 kuya kweenyawo ezintathu kwi-carapace ubude (76-91 cm).
Ubunzima: Abadala banokulinganisela phakathi kwee-100 ukuya kwi-150 iilili (40-60 kg).
Ukutya: Intloko encinci ye-hawksbill kunye neentambo ezibunjwa njengenqatha zivumela ukuba zifumane ukutya kwiindawo ezisemkhombeni. Badla iipongue, i-anemones, i-squid kunye ne-shrimp.
Indawo yokuhlala: Ngokuqhelekileyo ifunyenwe emanxweme amanxweme, iindawo ezinamatye, iindawo ezisemaphandleni kunye namatye.
Ukuhlamba: Isidleke kwixesha eli-2, 3, okanye ngaphezulu. Izilwanyana eziphakathi kwama-2 ukuya kuma-4 ngamaxesha nganye ngexesha. Faka amaqanda angama-160 kwisidleke ngasinye. Amaqanda athatha iinyanga ezingama-60.
Ububanzi: Uninzi lwezityalo zamaTroke. Amanzi aseTropical kunye namazantsi aseAtlantic, Pacific kunye namaNdiya. "
Ulwazi ngenxa yee Hawksbill Turtles.
- I-Leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea)
Igama eliqhelekileyo: I-Leatherback - egama layo libizwa ngegobolthi yalo eyingqungquthela eyenziwe yoluhlu olusulungekileyo, olunzima, lukhuni lwe-rubbery, luqiniswa ngamawaka amancinci amathambo awenza ukuba kubonakale "njengesikhumba."
Igama lezesayensi: Dermochelys coriacea
Inkcazo: Inhloko inomhlathi ophezulu ogqityiweyo kunye ne-2 cusps. I-leatherback yilapho i-turtle eyona yedwa engenazo iigobolondo ezinzima. I-carapace yayo inkulu, ihlangene kwaye iguquguquke kunye neendonga ezi-7 ezihlukeneyo ezihamba ubude bezilwanyana. Ukuhlanganiswa kobunqamlezo obunqabileyo, obunzima, obukhunjini besikhumba, obomelezwa ngamawaka amacwecwe amancinci amathambo, i-carapace ayinayo izikali, ngaphandle kwee-hatchlings. Zonke iibhola zingenazo izihlunu. I-carapace imnyama emnyama okanye emnyama ngamaphupha amhlophe okanye aphukile, ngelixa i-plastron ipholile kumnyama kwaye ibhalwe ngamagquma ama-5. Iinqanawa zinemibala emhlophe kwi-carapace.
Ubungakanani: 4 ukuya kwi-6 inyawo (121-183 cm). I-leatherback enkulu kunazo zonke ebhalwe phantsi yayingama-105 cm (305 cm) ukusuka kwintonga yomlenze wayo ukuya kwintsika yomsila wayo kwaye ilinganiswe kwiimitha ezili-9169 (916 kg).
Isisindo: ama-550 ukuya kuma-1,545 iipounds (250-700 kg).
Ukutya: I-leatherbacks i-strawberry, i-scissor-like jaws. Imihlathi yabo yayiyonakaliswa yinto na ngaphandle kokutya kwezilwanyana ezinesithambiso, ngoko zondla phantse kwi-jellyfish kuphela. Kuyamangalisa ukuba lesi silwanyana esikhulu, esisebenzayo singaphila ekudleni kwe-jellyfish, esakhiwa ngamanzi amaninzi kwaye ibonakala ingumthombo ohluphekileyo wezondlo.
I-Habitat: Kufunyenwe ngokubanzi ngaselwandle oluvulekileyo, kunxweme elingasenyakatho njenge-Alaska kunye nakumazantsi ukuya ngasemzantsi weAfrika, nangona uphando olulandelelwano lwama-satellite olutshanje lubonisa ukuba i-leatherbacks iyondla kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Eyaziwayo ukuba usebenza ngamanzi angaphantsi kwama-40 degrees Fahrenheit, kuphela i-reptile eyaziwayo ukuba ihlale isebenzayo kwiqondo eliphantsi lokushisa.
Ukuhlamba: Isidleke kwixesha eliphakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kweyesi-3, nangona uphando lwangoku luye lwabonisa ukuba lunokunyuka unyaka ngamnye. Izilwanyana eziphakathi kwama-6 ukuya ku-9 ngamaxesha ngamaxesha, kunye neentsuku ezili-10 phakathi kweempahla. Faka umlinganiselo wamaqanda angama-80 azalisiweyo, ubukhulu beebhola ze-billiard, kunye nama-30 amancinci, amaqanda angenayo i-unfertilized, kwisiqithi ngasinye. Amaqanda afakwe kwiintsuku ezingama-65. Ngokungafani nezinye iintlobo zeentlanzi zasolwandle, i-leatherback females ingashintsha iindawo zokuhlala ezinxwemeni, nakuba zihlala zihlala kwindawo enye.
Ububanzi: Uninzi lwabanzi olusasazwa kuzo zonke iinqununu zolwandle. Ifunyenwe kwihlabathi jikelele kunye neyona ndawo inkulu kunantla kunye nezantsi. Ngokubunjwa komzimba kunye nezikhwepha ezinamandla, i-leatherback iyakudada iwaka leekhilomitha ngamanzi evulekileyo kwaye ijikeleze ngokukhawuleza. "
Ulwazi ngenxa ye-Leatherback Turtles.
- UKemp's Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii)
Igama eliqhelekileyo: iKemp's ridley egama linguKemp emva kukaRichard Kemp, oye wancedisa ukufumanisa nokufunda i-tortle. Akukho mntu oqinisekileyo ukuba kutheni kuthiwa yi-ridley, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba neendlela ezifanayo zokuziphatha njenge-oliley olive.Igama lezesayensi: Lepidochelys kempii
Inkcazo: Inhloko ingeyomodareyitha kunye neyantathu. I-Carapace ibhonyile ngaphandle kwemigodi kwaye inemikhankaso emikhulu, engekho-ekwahlukileyo (izikali) ezikhoyo. ICarapace inezikhalazo ezi-5 ze-lateral kwaye zijikeleze kakhulu. Amacwecwe angaphambili afaka i-1, kodwa i-flipper yangemuva ine-1 okanye 2. Abantu abadala banomdaka omnyama obomvu obomvu kunye ne-plastron emhlophe okanye ephuzi, ngelixa i-hatchlings i-jet emnyama.
Ubungakanani: Abantu abadala balinganisa iinyawo ezi-2 (65 cm) ngobude be-carapace ubude.
Ubunzima: Abantu abadala bahlala phakathi kwama-77 kunye neeplani ezingama-100 (35-45 kg).
Ukutya: Yiba nemisipha enamandla ebanceda ukuba bayichoboze kwaye bayayila, i-calms, mussels, ne-shrimp. Bakuthanda ukutya iintlanzi, i-urchins yolwandle, i-squid ne-jellyfish.
Indawo: Hlalani kwiindawo ezingenanto ezinamabhodlela anesihlabathi kunye namadaka.
Ukuhlamba: Isiqhamo se-Kemp sika-ridleys ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunezinye iintlobo, yonke iminyaka eyi-1/2 ngokuphakathi. Baye bahlala esidlekeni ngokulandelelana okubizwa ngokuba yi-arribadas (iSpanishi "yokufika"). I-ridge ye-olive kuphela idibanisa ngale ndlela. I-riddle ye-Kemp ye-ridley 2-amaxesha amathathu nganye ngexesha. Babeka umyinge wamaqanda angama-110 kwisiqithi ngasinye kwaye amaqanda athoba malunga neentsuku ezingama-55.
Ibanga: Abantu abadala banqongophele kwiGulf of Mexico. Amajoni ayahluka phakathi kweendawo eziselunxwemeni kunye neendawo ezinxweme ezisemantla eNtshona-ntshonalanga ye-Atlantic kwaye zifumaneke kwaye zisezantsi kolwandle olusempuma ye-United States. "
Ulwazi ngenxa yeKurt Ridley Turtles.
Abathathu basengozini:
- I-Loggerhead (Caretta caretta)
Igama eliqhelekileyo: I-Loggerhead - ebizwa ngokuba yintloko yayo enkulu.Igama lezesayensi: Caretta caretta
Inkcazo: Intloko inkulu kakhulu enemihlathi eqineleyo. I-Carapace ibhonyile ngaphandle kwemigqomo kwaye inkulu, engaqhathaniswayo, iziqholo ezinzima (izikali) ezikhoyo nge-5 lateral scute. I-Carapace iyenze intliziyo Iminyango yangaphambili imfutshane kwaye ixhamle nge-claws 2. Nangona imipuphu yangemva ingaba nemigqa emi-2 okanye emi-3. I-Carapace ibomvu obomvu obunobumba obuhlaza obomvu. Iinqanawa zine-carapace emnyama emnyama kunye nemibhobho enobumba obomvu emacaleni.
Ubukhulu: Ngokuqhelekileyo 2.5 ukuya kwii-3,5 kwii-carapace ubude (73-107 cm).
Ubunzima: Abadala banesisindo esingama-alitha ezingama-159.
Ukutya: Ngokuyinhloko i-carnivorous kwaye isondla kakhulu kwi-shellfish ehlala ngaphantsi kolwandle. Baya kudla amahashe, ama-clams, ama-mussels kunye namanye ama-invertebrates. Imisipha yabo enamandla yesikhumbuzo ibancedisa ukuba bayichoboze kalula i-shellfish.
I-Habitat: Khetha ukondla kwiindawo zokuhlala ezinxweme kunye neendawo zokuhlalisa amanzi, kunye namanzi angenamanzi kwiithala zelizwekazi zaseAtlantic, Pacific kunye nase-Indian Ocean.
Ukuhlamba: Isidleke kwixesha eli-2, 3, okanye ngaphezulu. Balala 4 ukuya ku-7 izilwanyana ngexesha ngalinye, malunga neentsuku ezili-12 ukuya kwezi-14. Umlinganiselo wesilinganiso phakathi kwamaqanda angama-100 ukuya kuma-126 kwidleke ngasinye. Amaqanda athatha iinyanga ezingama-60.
Ubungakanani: Kufunyanwa kuwo onke amanzi aphelileyo kunye namathambile kuwo wonke umhlaba. "
Ulwazi ngenxa ye-Loggerhead Turtles.
- Olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea)
Igama eliqhelekileyo: I-Olive i-ridley-ebizwa ngokuba yi-shell yayo eluhlazaIgama lezesayensi: Lepidochelys olivaceaf
Inkcazo: Intloko incinci. I-Carapace ibhonyile ngaphandle kwemigodi kwaye inemikhono enkulu (izikali) ezikhoyo. I-Carapace ine-6 engaphezulu okanye ngaphezulu kwaye iphantse ijikeleze kwaye ilula. Umzimba wayo unzulu kunokuba u-Kemp's Ridley ulwandle oluthile. Bobabini iminyango yangaphambili nangemuva ine-1 okanye 2 i-claws ebonakalayo. Ngamanye amaxesha unamacwecwe angaphezulu kwimizi yangaphambili. AmaYuda atyhwela imbala emhlophe, ngelixa abantu abadala bebumnyama obumnyama. Iinqanawa zinomnyama xa zimanzi ngamacala aluhlaza.
Ubungakanani: Abantu abadala bafumana u-2 ukuya ku-2.5 ubude (62-70 cm) kwi-carapace ubude.
Ubunzima: Abantu abadala bahlala phakathi kwama-77 kunye neeplani ezingama-100 (35-45 kg).
Ukutya: Yiba neengqumbo ezinamandla ezivumela ukutya kwe-omnivore yama-crustaceans (suach like shrimp & crabs), i-mollusks, i-tunicates, intlanzi, i-crabs, ne-shrimp.
Indawo yokuhlala: Ifunyanwe ngokubanzi kwiindawo zokuhlala ezinxweme kunye neendawo zokuhlala, kodwa zinokuba lukhulu kakhulu kwiindawo ezithile zoluhlu lwazo. Ngokuqhelekileyo baqhekeza ulwandle emanzini angaphezulu okanye badibanise kwiindawo eziphantsi kweemitha ezili-150 (150 m) ukutya kwiindawo zokuhlala eziphantsi komhlaba.
Ukuhlamba: Isidleke minyaka yonke kwi-arribadas. Iimvavanyo eziphindwe kabili kwinyanga nganye. Faka umlinganiselo wamaqanda angaphezu kwama-105 kwisiqithi ngasinye. Amaqanda afakwe kwiintsuku ezingama-55. Ubungakanani be-clutch bukhulu ngaphezu kwamaqanda angama-110 afuna ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa kweentsuku ezingama-52 ukuya ku-58.
Ubume: I-ridley yomnquma ihlala emanzini aseTroific, aseIndiya nase-Atlantic.
Ulwazi ngenxa ye-Olive Ridley Turtles.
- Oluhlaza (i-Chelonia mydas)
Igama eliqhelekileyo: I-turtle yolwandle eluhlaza-olubizwa ngokuba ngumbala obomvu weenqatha phantsi kwegobolondo yayo. (Kwezinye iindawo, i-turtle green green ibizwa ngokuba yi-turtle yolwandle.Igama lezesayensi: Chelonia mydas
Inkcazo: Ziyabonakala ngokulula kwezinye iinqanawa zasolwandle kuba zinesibini esikhaleni se-prefrontal (izikali phambi kwamehlo ayo), kunokuba zimbini zombini njengoko ezinye iinqunto zolwandle zinalo. Intloko incinci kwaye iyangqineka ngomhlathi. I-Carapace ibhonyile ngaphandle kwemigodi kwaye inkulu, ingabikho, i-scutes (izikali) ezikhoyo ezinezingcingo ezine-lateral. IQumrhu liphantse linyuka kwaye lixinezelekile (lucwecwe) lifaniswa nama-turtles aluhlaza. Zonke iimpu zine-claw e-1 ebonakalayo. Umbala we-carapace uhluka ukusuka kwimibala ukuya kumnyama obumnyama kunye nobumnyama ukuya kwiitoni ezimhlophe eziluhlaza, ezibomvu kunye eziluhlaza kunye nemigca yokuqhayisa. I-plastron iyahluka emhlophe, engcolileyo emhlophe okanye ephuzi eAtlantic ukuya kwi-gray-bluish-green kwiindawo zasePacific. Iinqanawa zibomvu okanye ziphantse zibe zimnyama ezimhlophe ziphantsi kwamanqatha amhlophe.
Ukuthelekisa, i-Turtle green turtle (aka Black Sea Turtle) inomzimba ophakanyisiwe okanye ogqithisiweyo kwaye ukhangeleke ngaphantsi kwimiba engaphambili kunezinye iifolishi zasolwandle. Umbala yilapho ubona umahluko omkhulu kunye nemifuno yasePacific ephethe imfundu emnyama kwi-carapace emnyama kunye neentlobo ezinamaqabunga omnyama okanye omnyama ngomda omhlophe omhlophe kunye nomhlophe ngaphantsi.
Ubukhulu: Abadala banama-3.5 kuya kweenyawo ezine kwi-carapace ubude (76-91 cm). I-tortle eluhlaza yiyona nto inkulu kwintsapho yaseCheloniidae. I-turtle enkulu kunazo zonke efunyenwe yayingamamitha ama-152 ubude ubude kunye neekhilogram ezingama-871 (395 kg).
Ubunzima: Abadala banomlinganiselo phakathi kwama-300 ukuya ku-400 iikhilogram (136-180 kg).
Ukutya: Utshintsha kakhulu ngexesha lobomi balo. Xa ama-intshi angama-8 kuya kwe-10 ubude adla izibungu, ama-crustaceans amancinci, iintsholongwane zamanzi, ingca kunye ne-algae. Xa iifologi eziluhlaza zifikelela kuma-intshi ezi-8 ukuya kwe-10 ubude, ngokuyininzi zidla ulwandle lwengca kunye ne-algae, i-turtle ye-sea kuphela ehamba ngokugqithiseleyo njengomntu omdala. Imihlathi yabo ihlanjululwe kakuhle kwaye ibancedisa ekutshiseni izityalo.
Indawo yokuhlala: Hlala uhlala kufuphi nxweme kunye neziqithi ezijikelezayo kwaye uhlala kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo kunye nolwandle olukhuselekile, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezineemibhede. Ngokuqhelekileyo ziyabonwa kwinqanaba elwandle.
Ukuhlalisa izidumbu: Isihlamba se-turtles e-Green kwixesha eliphakathi kwe-2, 3, okanye ngaphezulu kweminyaka, ngokubanzi ukunyuka komnyaka kumanani amabhinqa. Izilwanyana eziphakathi kwama-3 ukuya kuma-5 ngamaxesha ngamnye ngexesha. Umlinganiselo weeqanda ezili-115 kwisihlamba ngasinye, kunye namaqanda afaka iintsuku ezingama-60.
Ubungakanani: Kufunyanwa kuwo onke amanzi aphelileyo kunye namathambile kuwo wonke umhlaba. "
Ulwazi ngenxa yeentlanzi zamaGreen.Enye iindidi zihlala zodwa ukuba ikusasa aziwa:
- Flatback (Natator depressus)
Igama eliqhelekileyo: I-Australian flatback - egama layo libizwa ngokuba igobolondo yayo igcwele.Igama lezesayensi: uNatator depressus
Inkcazo: Inhloko inomlinganiselo owodwa wesilinganiselo se-prefrontal (isikali phambi kwamehlo ayo). I-Carapace ibhonyile ngaphandle kwemigodi kwaye inkulu, ingabikho, i-scutes (izikali) ezikhoyo ezinezingcingo ezine-lateral. I-Carapace iyigqubutha okanye ijikeleze kwaye umzimba uphelele. Iintlanzi zi-1 ziphosa. Umgca we-carapace ugoqwe kwaye ugutyungwe ngamacembe amancinci, angagqithwanga. I-Carapace ingumgubo omnquma nombala obomvu obomvu / ophuzi kwiimida kunye neempuphu ezimhlophe ezimhlophe. Iingcamango zee-hatchlings zenza i-pattern reticulate ekhethekileyo ebomvu, kunye neziko ngalinye elisikiweyo ngumbala womnquma.
Ubukhulu: Abantu abadala bafikelela kwi-3.25 inyawo kwi-carapace ubude (99 cm).
Ubunzima: Abadala banomyinge weeyure ezili-90 (90 kg).
Ukutya: Kubonakala ukuba idla iikomkomini zaselwandle, i-jellyfish, i-mollusks, i-prawns, i-bryozoans, enye i-invertebrates kunye ne-seaweed.
Indawo yokuhlala: Thanda amanzi aphantsi kwamanzi, iindawo zokuhlala, i-coral reef kunye ne-shallow grass.
Ukuhlamba: Ukuhlola izihlandlo ezine ngezihlandlo zonyaka. Faka amaqanda ama-50 ngexesha, kodwa ezi zikhulu kakhulu. Amaqanda athatha iinyanga ezingama-55. Xa i-hatchlings ivela, zinkulu kuninzi lweentlobo.
Umlinganiselo: Uninzi kakhulu. Itholakala kuphela kumanzi malunga ne-Australia kunye nePapua New Guinea ePacific. "
Ulwazi ngenxa ye-Flatback Turtles.