Umnqamlezo oPhezulu, ukuThunywa kweZibhalo, iCelt Cross - Uguquko kwiSihloko
I-Cross Crosses yase-Ireland - yonke indawo ibonakala ngathi. Sekunjalo nabo bavela kwimpucuko enkulu. Okanye, uninzi lwabavakalisi kunye nomoya wezinto zonke zase-Ireland zinokuthi: "Ubungeke ubone yonke iminqamlezo, uyazi, amaCeltic ... aMazulu aphezulu ... kuwo onke amangcwaba!"
Hayi, sele sibone ukudideka okuqhelekileyo. Umnqamlezo wesi-Irish, i-Celtic cross and Cross Crosses zibonwa njengento efanayo-engabikho.
Umnqamlezo oPhezulu ophezulu, njengokuba "ngokuqhelekileyo i-Irish" njengokuba (ngokuqhelekileyo esondele) kwinqaba ejikelezayo kwimiba emininzi, inokuthi ichazwe ngokucacileyo-into engathinteli amakhulu eminye imithana ebhalwa ngale ndlela.
I-Celtic Cross - yase-Irish Original?
Xa umntu echaza isiphambano seCeltic, ngoku ngokuzenzekelayo uthumela umnqamlezo wesiLatini (esiqhelekileyo) kunye nesiqu kunye neengalo ezixutywe yongezwa yesaziso. Olu hlobo oluthile lwefayile engundoqo yamaKristu kungenzeka ukuba luvela e-Ireland, nangona eyaziwa e-Cornwall, eWales, e-Northern England nasezikolweni zaseScotland-zonke iindawo ezidibanisa ne-Ireland ngexesha elibizwa ngokuthi "Iminyaka emnyama". Ngoko mhlawumbi lo mnqamlezo, ngoku uthathwa njengento ethile yeso simboli sePan-Celtic, weza nabavangeli base-Ireland?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba imvelaphi yembali yendawo yayo-ukuphuhliswa kwembali yesimo esingavamile salo mnqamlezo kuyacaca. Ngaphandle kokuba ubhalisele kwi-(inzwakalayo) ingcamango engabonakaliyo yokuba abanye abafundisi baseIreland bakhetha ngamabomu "uphawu lokuthengisa" kwaye baqulunqa ngokucacileyo isiphambano seCeltic.
Indlela indandatho yaba yinxalenye yomnqamlezo ngokwenene ngokucacileyo. Kwaye kuvulekele ukutolika - abanye abaphengululi baye baya kuphakamisa ukuba isalathisi simele i-halo, ngoko ke uKristu ngokwakhe, ukukhupha iziphi iziphazamiso malunga nokufanekisa unyana kaThixo emnqamlezweni. Ezi ngcamango zizalamane ezisondeleyo kulabo ababonisa ukuba isangqa kufanele sichazwe njengedisk , emele i- sol invictus , unkulunkulu welanga.
Yaye ukuba inxulumene ngokusondeleyo kwi- ankh ...
Ngomntu ndiza kunamathela kwi-Occam kunye ne-pedestrian theory. Hayi ii Freemasons, cingisisa, ukuze ukwazi ukubeka "i-Da Vinci Code" kwakhona. Akunjalo, ama-stonemasons, abenzi beengcibi nje abafuna ukongeza uzinzo lwezakhiwo zokwakha. Isangqa esisebenza njengesigxina esongezelelweyo kwi-crossbar. Yintoni eya kuthetha ukuba akukho mqondiso ofihliweyo apha nonke.
Kodwa isiphambano seCeltic ngokuqinisekileyo siye safumana isimboli esitsha kwiminyaka yamuva nje - i-white supremacists iye yabela umnqamlezo njengenye indlela eya kwi-swastika!
Kutheni kwaphakanyiswa i-High Crosses?
Ngesizathu esinye kuphela-ukubeka indawo engcwele kunye nokuvakalisa ukunyaniseka kwiingkolelo zamaKristu. Ngokuyinene isibonakaliso esithi "Nangu maKristu!", Kodwa futhi "Le ndawo ingcwele, gcina uxolo!"
Ngaphandle kwalo mnqamlezo kwakuyeyona nkalo ebalulekileyo kwimibhiyozo-ngaphandle kokufuneka omnye athethe. Ukuhlelwa kweklastiki yeendawo zokuhlala zee-monastic kwakuquka icawa, umnqamlezo kunye (ukuba imali ivumelekile) inqaba yokujikeleza - umnyango wokugqibela uhambelana nomnyango wokuqala, kunye nomnqamlezo phakathi. Kwaye icawa yayisoloko isincinci nakwibandla elithobekileyo.
Oko kwakuthetha ukuba iindawo ezixubileyo zafuneka ziye kwi- al fresco . Bahlanganisana nomnqamlezo.
Kodwa akusiyo yonke iMiphambano Ephakamileyo yayimvelo yecawa - ezinye zibonakala zixhunyaniswe kumalungelo omhlaba, ngokumakisha indawo yemarike ngokomzekelo. Ezinye zazakhelwa ukukhumbula isiganeko esibalulekileyo okanye umntu.
Ukusetyenziswa kuphela kweMiphambano ePhakamileyo kwakungabonakali ukuba kubonakala ... njengombonakaliso wamangcwaba. Kodwa loo ngcamango ingaba yinto nje ngenxa yokungabi nobungqina.
I-Early Evolution ye-High Crosses
Akukho mlando-mlando angasitshela apho, nini okanye nangona kutheni i-High Cross Cross yenziwe. Ikhefu. Kodwa kucingwa ukuba iintsika zokuqala zamatye zazinge "ikopi" zomnqamlezo zokhuni ezigutywe ngesinyithi. Iinkalo eziliqela (eziyimfuneko) kwezi mvelaphi zangaphambili zifakwe kwi-design design.
Ezinye iinqamlezo zolu hlobo zivela kwikhulu le-8 nele-9, njengesiqhelo esiphambekayo e-Ahenny, esihlanganiswe kwiijometri. Into ebaluleke kakhulu yindlela yokwenza umnqamlezo ngokwawo. Akunjalo nje ngokubonakaliswa kwesixhobo sokusebenza kodwa njengomfanekiso we- chi rho monogram yokuqala.
Iminqamlezo kamva yaba yinto engaphezulu - umnqamlezo osezantsi eClonmacnoise kunye nomnqamlezo weeNgcwele uPatrick noColumba eKells . Ezi zaziwa ngokuba "iziphambano zenguqu".
I-Cross Crosses - Iintshumayelo eLitye
Olu tshintsho lukhokelela "kwisiqhelo sombhalo", ngokubhekiselele kwimiqobo nangenkululeko ngokubonakaliswa kwemifanekiso evela kwiBhayibhile. Imihlobiso engaphantsi kweCeltic, iinkcukacha ezininzi. Le miqatha imele ithathwe njenge-High Crosses efanele.
Namhlanje sinokubona iindawo ezimashumi mathathu kwezi zikhumbuzo, zonke ezenziwe kwi-9 neyokuqala kwekhulu le-10. Eyona nto eyaziwa kakhulu mhlawumbi ibe "isiphambano seZibhalo" eClonmacnoise. Ukukhethwa kweempawu ezimelelwe kwakungokoqobo - kunye nokuhamba kwendiza edibeneyo kuyo. Ubomi kwi-monastery babonakaliswe, kodwa izibhalo "yiyona ganeko". Abaculi (okanye abahlawuli babo bee-payers) ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezivela kwi-Fall of Adam noEva kunye neFain's fratricide, isidlo sokugqibela kunye novuko. Ezinye iifoto zininzi, njengamaqela amakhulu kunye nezilwanyana ezingabonakaliyo (ikamela kwiDrumcliff ngumzekelo omhle). Kwaye kukho neentlanzi ezincinci kwiminqamlezo ethile ...
Iimonks ziye zasebenzisa le mizekeliso ukwenza iimfundiso zabo zisondele ngakumbi kubaphulaphuli - umfanekiso uxabisa ngaphezu kwamagama amawaka. "Iintshumayelo ezidwetswe ngetye" yindlela enye yezi mvuko ezichazwe ngayo.
Iziphambano ezenziwe emva kwexesha le-11 kunye neye-12 leminyaka zibonisa ukuhla kwezinto zokunciphisa ukutsalwa kwempahla, kwangexesha kunye nefuthe elikhethekileyo laseScandinavia, njengokuba bekuyixesha leVikings e-Ireland . Ukubethelelwa kwintsimi kwimixholo engundoqo yesikhombiso, umoya uba mnyama. Njengokuba isiphelo siseduze ...
Eyona nto yayiyiyo - nge-Anglo-Norman ukuhlasela kunye nefuthe elikhulayo lemithetho yaseYurophu njengamaCistercians ukuba iMellifont i-High Crosses yaphela yashiya, yashiya kodwa ingenayo entsha.
Indlela uMnqamlezo oPhezulu owenziwe ngayo
Umnqamlezo ophakamileyo owakhiwe ngamathathu, ngamanye amaxesha amanxalenye amane - inxalenye yebhootom ibe yintsika enkulu, i-conical okanye ipramramidal. Kulo mxube womnqamlezo ochanekileyo wawuchithwe. Inqwelwe yintloko yesiphambano (isahlulo kunye neengalo kunye neendandatho) - kunye neemeko ezininzi kunye nekhanda elenziwe kwinqanaba elilodwa. Isihlanganiso sonke siza kuthiwa sisitye, ininzi yayo ilahlekile namhlanje.
Inkqubo eyenziweyo yokuvelisa ibonakala iyenziwa ngamanyathelo ahlukeneyo, umnqamlezo ophakanyisiwe kwi-situ phambi kokuba imifanekiso eqingqiweyo igqibe. Umnqamlezo ongagqitywanga kwiiKells ubonisa le ngcamango - iindawo apho izongezo ezintle ziyakongezwa zikhona. Oku kunokwenza umqondo omkhulu ... cinga ukuphakamisa umnqamlezo ogqityiweyo, ogqityiweyo ophakanyisiweyo, ukukhupha kunye nokuphulwa ngenxa yokusebenza komhlaba.
Enye into eyaziwayo kunye neyona nto eyaziwayo ye-High Crosses ifanele ikhankanywe - iminqamlezo yayingabonakali nje ngokutsha kwimihla yokuhamba kwayo, nayo yayigwetshwe ngemibala enemibala. Kunzima ukucinga namhlanje, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ingqwalasela-i-grabber ngexesha elide. I- Irish National Heritage Park kufuphi ne-Wexford iphinde iphinde ibuye ... kunye nomnqamlezo onemibala uvame ukubuliswa ngokungathembeki ngabavakashi.
High Cross
Utshaba olubi kunazo zonke zase-Irish High Crosses alukho abahlaseli beVikings okanye amaPuritan anentshutshiso-kodwa nje kuphela isimo sezulu sase - Ireland . Iminqamlezo emininzi yenziwe kwi-sandstone. Kulula ukusebenza kunye, kwaye uyakwazi ukufumana iinkcukacha ezingenakulinganiswa. Kodwa kungekhona izinto zokusinda kwiinkulungwane zemvula nomoya. Kwaye ukuba umnqamlezo uqhubekile ngenxa yokunikezela komhlaba ngokufanelekileyo ... isiphumo esiqhelekileyo sasiyi-puzzle ebonakalayo.
Njengoko ezi ngxaki zihlala zikhona (kunye nokungcola kuthatha enye i-toll), ezinye iinqamlezo ziye zafuneka zisuswe kwaye ziphindwe kwakhona. Uyamkeleka kubo bonke kodwa i-purist - kodwa nakwezokhenketho kufuneka aqiniseke ukuba ngaba wayifotole i-original!
Okubi kakhulu kuthetha kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo "ukulungiswa". Ukubetha kwi-samente eninzi kunokuba yiphambuka kwizinto ezikhethiweyo. Kwaye ukuhlanganiswa kweengxenye ezivela emacimbini eyahlukileyo ekwahluleka ukwanelisa. Eminye imizamo yokukhusela iminqamlezo isetyenziswe kakuhle kodwa ngandlela-thile inethemba - umnqamlezo kwi-Kells ikhuselwe kwimvula ngophahla oluncinci, kodwa umlambo ongapheliyo wamavili-18 ujikeleza ngamanyathelo ambalwa.
Ingaba yiNtlaba ePhakamileyo okanye ...?
Nangona iimpapasho eziphezulu kwiIreland zikwazi ukubiza iikhumbuzo eziqhelekileyo zamangcwaba zamanje, eziqoshwe kwizinga lemveliso kulo lonke elase-Ireland, njenge "High Crosses". Yonke indawo yase-Irish okanye emangcwabeni iya kuba nelinye lala. Umnqamlezo wokuphakama okulungileyo kunye nomzekelo waseCeltic - umnqamlezo ophezulu, kodwa akukho Mgangatho oPhezulu.
Imifanekiso ihluke ngokupheleleyo kwaye iminqamlezo yanamhlanje imakishi ngabanye, kungekhona kwiindawo ezingcwele ... okanye zixhobo zokufundisa.
Izikhumbuzo zanamhlanje zokubeka indawo ezikhethekileyo kunye / okanye iziganeko zidla ngokusekelwe kwi-High Crosses, zombini ngobukhulu kunye nesakhiwo esisiseko. Uninzi luyi-design ye geometrical okanye i-knot-work, kaninzi lubonisa umxube weempembelelo zaseCeltic naseScandinavia kunye nokuncedisa okuthandekayo kwimilo yokuthandana "yesi-Irish". Ininzi yezi zikhumbuzo ziyabonakala ngokukhawuleza nangona ezinye zihamba njenge-High Crosses kwezinye iincwadi-ngakumbi ukuba zifakwa endaweni yodwa ukuze zifikelele.
Ngamafutshane - nantoni na engaphantsi kweminyaka engama-800 ayifanele ithathwa njengowomnqamlezo ophezulu.