"I-Revolution Revolution", iWilliam Wars kunye ne-1690
NgoJulayi 1, 1690, imikhosi emibini eyayinesiDanish, isiFrentshi, isiDatshi, isiHuguenot, isiJamani, isiNgesi kunye namajoni ase-Irri adibana kunye ne-River Boyne kufuphi noDrogheda . Bobabini bekhokelwa ngabantu bafuna ukuba bekunye uKumkani waseNgilani ofanelekileyo. Umkhosi omkhulu wemikhosi yomibini ayizange ithathe inxaxheba kwimfazwe. I-Battle of the Boyne yayingekho isigqibo malunga nayiphi na indlela. Kwakungekho ngeIreland - kodwa ibe yinto yezona zinto zenzeke kakhulu kwiimbali ze-Irish.
1688 - I-Revolution Revolution
Ukucacisa i-Battle of the Boyne umntu kufuneka aqale kwisisiseko salo. U-King James II waseNgilani, uStuart, wakhupha ipalamente yaseWestminster ngamapolitiki ayesabelayo kunye neengxaki zakhe ezicacileyo kwicawa yamaKatolika. Ephumelela umntakwabo uCharles II njengenkosi, uYakobi wayeneminyaka engama-51 ubudala kwaye akalindelanga ukuhlala. Okanye wakha ubukhosi - wayengenamntwana. Kwaye emva komgca wetrone yayinguMary, umshana kaCharles, watshata noWilliam - oyindoda engummangaliso waseYurophu njengamanqanaba angama-Protestant aseNetherlands.
Nangona iinkolelo zakhe zonqulo zazibe zinyamezeleka ixesha elithile, uYakobi uthi ulawulo olulawulayo lwafumana izindlu zeepalamente ezihlangeneyo ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 edlulileyo intloko yenkosi yachithwa ngenxa yeenjongo ezifanayo. Kwiinyanga ezine emva kokuba uYakobi II afikelele ekuvukeleni phantsi kweDuke waseMonmouth (umntakwabo, nakuba engekho mthethweni) wehlulekile.
I-"Bloody Assizes" ilandele, ikhuphela ekhaya into yokuba ubukumkani buphela.
Uhlobo lokugcina lufike ngomhla ka-Juni 10, 1688, ngendlela ye-Prince of Wales - njengokungathi ngomlingo uJames wayevele waphumelela ekudaleni indoda eyindlalifa! Ukulandelana kwamaKatolika kwaqinisekiswa.
UWilliam wabeka onke amaqanda akhe kwisitya esinye, waya eNgilani waya e-Brixham ngoNovemba 5, 1688.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuxhaswa kweeNgesi, uWilliam wahamba eLondon, waphatha ukuphonsa uJames eNgilani. "I-Revolution Revolution" yayiyimpumelelo kwaye ngoFebruwari 13 uWilliam noMariya babenomkhosi ohlangeneyo - emva kokusayinisa iBhili yamaLungelo kunye nokwenza ubukhosi obungenakwenzeka.
UYakobi ochasene noWilliam
I-Revolution Revolution yaqhawula iBrithani ehlukeneyo kwezopolitiko - abaxhasayo "i-Old King" isifungo sokuxhathisa inguqu kwezopolitiko ngamandla. Baye baziwa ngokubanzi njengamaYakobi, uYakobi engumzekelo wesiNgesi wegama leBhayibhile uYakobi. Akumangalisi ukuba abalandeli bakaKumkani William baziwa ngokuba yi-Willamites.
Ukujonga lo mbambano njengenkolelo yonqulo yinto engentoyiyo-nangona ubuKatolika bukaYakobi bangela ukusola kwaye ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela ekufeni kwakhe. Imiba yezombusazwe yayibaluleke kakhulu. Kwaye uProtestanti uWilliam wayencedwa nguPapa Innocent XI. Kwaye iWilliam yaseYurophu yayibanjiswa kakhulu kwi-League of Augsburg-i-cabs ye-French, kodwa kuquka namaKatolika.
Indawo yokulwa yaseIreland
I-Ireland yaba yindawo yokulwa malunga nengozi - emva kokushiya eNgilandi, uYakobi II wayenikwe uWilliam isithsaba kwisitya sesilivere.
Ithemba lakhe kuphela lokubuyiselwa lalidibene nokubuyela kwindawo yakhe. Kwaye inxalenye enye yayicinga ukuba ikhuselekile kwaye inesihawu - iKatolika yase-Ireland, ilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo nguYakobe iTrconnel.
UTyrconnel wayezimisele ukumbamba amandla e-Ireland kwaye wadlala umdlalo wekiti-kunye-mouse oquka uWilliam, uJames noLouis XIV waseFransi.
Ngeentsikelelo zaseFransi kunye nenkxaso yamkhosi uJacob II waya eKinsale ngoMatshi 12, 1689, ezimisele ukuphinde anqobe iIreland, kuneSkotland, ibe yiNgilani. Kwaye kwalandelwa iimpumelelo ezininzi zakwaYakobi kwaye ukuvinjelwa kukaDerry kwaqala ngo-Ephreli 16, abaWilliam babonakala belahlekelwa ngumlinganiselo omkhulu. Kwaye uYakobi waze wakwazi ukumisa ipalamente yakhe eDublin.
Kodwa umkhosi wamajoni kaDuke waseSchomberg, ngelo xesha umphathi waseBrandenburg "ngokubolekisa" kuWilliam, wacinga ukuba uphendule le meko.
Kwaye ngoJuni 14, ngo-1690, uWilliam III wangena e-Ireland ngentloko yama-15,000 amajoni (ikakhulukazi isiDatshi kunye nesiDanish) -benzisa i-port yaseCarrickfergus kwaye ehamba ngasentla eDublin ngeNewry naseDrogheda.
UJames II wagqiba ekubeni atshabalalise eli cwangciso ngokukhusela iDublin kwiibhanki zeMlambo Boyne. Ukusebenza kweDrogheda kunye ne-Oldbridge Estate ngasentshonalanga kubonakala ngathi yinto efanelekileyo ngexesha.
I-Battle of the Boyne ngo-1690
Le meko kusasa ngoJulayi 1, 1690, yayicacile - uWilliam III wayefuna ukuya eDublin kwaye kufuneka afune indlela eya kwi-Boyne. Ukulula kunokuba kwenzeke, kunye noDrogheda ehlala kwaye enqatyisiwe yimikhosi yakwaYakobi ukuwela ngaphaya kwe-Oldbridge Estate yabheka umgomo kuphela onokufezekiswa. Ngoko uWilliam wahamba nemikhosi yakhe apho.
Ukulindela ukumhlangabeza kwakuyimpi ethembekile kuYakobi II, ekhokelwa yindoda ngokwakhe. Kwaye le yeso sizathu sokuqala sokuba imfazwe izuze udumo: Yona yimizuzu yokuphela kokumkani owenene empini, bejongene (nangona ukude).
Ixhoba ngokwalo, nangona ligazini elinamandla, kwakungekho inxaxheba enkulu. Amaninzi amaninzi kuphela "alwa" ngaphandle kwe-musket range, abanye bafumana (ngokoqobo) banqanyulwa, bancitshiswa ekutshitsheni kwiintshaba ezithintelayo kwiqonga lomhlaba ongenakulinganiswa. Kwaye ngoxa uYakobi enabo (inory) indawo ekhuselekile kakhulu amaWilliam ngaphezu kokulungisa iingxaki ngokuba nokusebenzisa iinqwelo zokulwa kunye nokuxhobisa amajoni anamava. Kwiiyure ezimbalwa la majoni, nangona belahlekelwa nguMdlu waseSchomberg, bakwazi ukunyanzelisa inqanawa ngaphaya kwe-Boyne, ukuwabuyisela emva kokuhlaselwa kwamanqina kunye nokwenza indawo ekhuselekileyo emlanjeni, phambili ukuya eDublin.
Kwaye kwimeko ebonakalayo ye-iconic yafunyanwa-uWilliam wase-Orange owela i-Boyne waba ngumqondiso wesimo. Kwaye uYakobi ubalekela ekungeneni kwelasezantsi, ekugqibeleni waya eFransi kwaye akaze abuyele, akalibalekanga. Akunjalo nokuthetha kwakhe kumfazi uTyrconnel ukuba abantu bakubo bahamba kakuhle. Ekuphenduleni apho wabona ukuba wayebonakala ephuma kubo.
Kodwa omnye kufuneka adibanise ukuba uYakobi wayengekho kude kakhulu umqondiso - ingakumbi iirejimenti ze "Gaelic Irish" zandibonisa ukuthambekela kwabo ukubuyela ekhaya xa igosa labo elilawulayo libulawa. "Isizathu" sasiyinto enomdla kakhulu kubo.
Ukungaphumeleli kweNkcazo kaYakobi
Njengoko i-Battle of the Boyne yayingekho isigqibo kwiyiphi na into, imfazwe yaqhubeka. Ngombulelo kakhulu ku-William's big blunder - esikhundleni sokukhetha uxolo kunye nokuxolelana wabulala uYakobi waza wathatha imigaqo yokugweba phantsi kokunikezelwa kwabo. Iintliziyo kunye neengqondo eziphumelelayo kwakungekho kakhulu kwi-ajenda yakhe - kwaye ngoko ngokwenene wakwazi ukumisa ukunyanzelwa kotshaba. Yikuphi kuphela okuphelile ngaphezu konyaka emva kweLimerick.
UYakobi wenza imizamo emibini kakhulu yokubuyisela isihlalo sobukhosi kwi-Stuarts-ngo-1715 kwaye kwakhona ngo-1745, ekugqibeleni ngaphantsi komsebenzi ongenakusebenza kodwa onothando "uBonnie Prince Charlie". Emva kokubulawa kwamabutho akhe ngexesha leMfazwe yaseCulloden (eScotland) uYakobi wabangela ngokuphumelelayo umpu. Kodwa iCulloden yaba yinto ebonakalayo kwiSkotland njengoko i-Battle of the Boyne i-Ireland.
I-Battle of the Boyne njengekhonkco yamaProthestani
Nangona iimbali zayo zingabalulekanga, i-Battle of the Boyne yaba ngumfanekiso weProtestanti kunye noManyanisi-oku kwakukho ngenxa yokuvela kobabini bookumkani. Umfanekiso kaYakobi ugijima kuWilliam oyinqobe wawungumnqweno wokumelana nawo. Nangona umprotestanti uWilliam walwa neKatolika yamaKatolika kunye no-Pope Innocent XI ongenakunceda!
Umyalelo we-Orange, owasekwa kwi-1790s ukugcina i-Ascendency yamaProtestanti, wenza ukubhiyozelwa kwemfazwe yinto ephambili kwikhalenda. Yiyiphi na namhlanje - nangona ukugqwesa kwenkathi yokuhamba kwenzeka ngokwenene ngoJulayi 12, usuku olungalunganga . NgoJulayi-12 yiholide yoluntu eNyakatho ye-Ireland kunye neengqungquthela ezinkulu zenziwa ngokukhunjulwa kokunqoba kukaWilliam (kuphela i- Orange Order Order egcinwe eRiphabhliki - eRossnowlagh ). Isiganeko esimangalisayo, nangona isahlulo esihlukileyo kunye nesehlelo. Kwaye ndihlala ndihlambalaza nidla " I-Sashi Eyayithandayo UBawo " ...
Kwaye ukutyelela (iProstestanti) iBelfast ngokuqinisekileyo kuza kukuchazela ubuso kunye nomfanekiso wesimboli oshiswe kwiingqondo zaseIreland- "UKumkani uBilly" kwengubo ebomvu, ukhankanya ihashe elimhlophe, ebhekise ikrele lakhe ekunqobeni kunye neKrotesitanti ezukileyo . Lo mboniso awukwazi ukulungiswa ngokomlando, kodwa bonke abantwana besikolo sase-Ireland baya kuwuqonda ngokukhawuleza. Kwizibini zombini zehlulo. Akumele nje ukutshatyalaliswa kwamaProtestanti kodwa kunye nokuxhulumana okufutshane ne-England.