20 Amaqiniso Ngobomi bukaMahatma Gandhi, uYise weNdiya yamaNdiya

Jonga iSikhumbuzo saseGandhi eDelhi kunye neSabarmati Ashram e-Ahmedabad

Kukho iimbalwa ezimbalwa malunga noGandhi omangalisayo wonke umntu. Kuthiwani ngeenyaniso ukuba wayetshatile eneminyaka eyi-13 kwaye wayenobantwana abane ngaphambi kokuba athathe isifungo sokungabikho, ukuba ootitshala kwisikolo sakhe saseLondon bekhalaza ngokungapheliyo ngokubhaliweyo kwakhe okubhaliweyo, kunye namanye amaqiniso angaphantsi awakhankanywe yakhe enkulu intsebenzo?

UMahatma Gandhi, owaziwayo kulo lonke elaseIndiya ngokuthi "uyihlo wesizwe," yayiyizwi elinamandla lokwenza uxolo ngexesha elibi kakhulu kwimbali yaseNdiya.

Ukubetha kwakhe kwindlala kunye nomyalezo wokungabi nonyanzelo kuye kwanceda ekuhlanganiseni ilizwe kwaye ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela ekuzimeleyo kweIndiya kwiBritani ngo-Agasti 15, 1947.

Ngokudabukisayo, uGandhi wabulawa ngowe-1948, kungekudala emva kokuzimela kunye ne-Indiya yayigxininiswe negazi ngenxa yemida emitsha phakathi kwamaqela enkolo.

Amasayithi Ukundwendwela EIndiya Ukuhlonipha Iimpawu Zobomi bukaGandhi

Kukho iindawo ezimbalwa onokuzityelela ezihlonela imemori yeGandhi. Njengoko ubavakatye, qwalasela ubungqina bomi bakhe, umsebenzi wakhe wokukhulula iIndiya ukusuka ekubambeni kweBrithani, ukulwa kwakhe noMthetho waseTranstiya woLwaphulo, iinzame zakhe zokubambisa ukungabi nonyanzelo kuzo zonke iinkxwaleko zaseNdiya ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe, nangaphezulu.

• Phakathi kweendawo ezibalulekileyo zaseNdiya ezihlonipha iGandhi yiMarble Gandhi Memorial emanxweme eMlambo iYamuna, eRaj Ghat eDelhi, apho uGandhi wanyiswa khona ngo-1948 emva kokubulawa kwakhe.
• Kukho imyuziyam e-Sabarmati Ashram, okanye eGandhi Ashram, kwisiqithi saseSabarmati sase-Ahmedabad, eGujarat, sikhumbuza injongo ye-Ashram kunye nobomi bukaMahatma Gandhi kunye nemisebenzi. UNdunankulu waseNdiya uJawaharlal Nehru, umfundi waseGandhi, wavula i-museum ngo-1963. I-ashram yayiyindawo yokuhlala yaseGandhi, owayehlala apha iminyaka engama-12 kunye nomkakhe uKasturba Gandhi. Ngowe-1930, uGandhi wasebenzisa le ashram njengesiseko sakhe somyalelo ongahambisani nomthetho owawunxulumene noMthetho waseTranslate woLwandle waseBrithani, owawunempembelelo enkulu ekuhambeni kwe-Independent Independent-eyaphumelela ngo-1947. Ngokwaku oku, iNdiya yakha i-Ashram njengesizwe isikhumbuzo.

Ngaphambi kokuba wenze naluphi uhambo oluya e-Indiya, qwalasela ezi ngcebiso eziphambili ze- India zokuhamba , ezinokusindisa ezininzi iingxaki.

Ngamazantsi angama-20 malunga nokuphila kukaMahatma Gandhi, ophefumlelweyo ukucinga kweenkokheli ezininzi zehlabathi, phakathi kwabo uMartin Luther King Jr. kunye noBarack Obama.

Amazwi anomdla malunga noBomi baseGandhi

Abantu abaninzi bakhumbula uGandhi ngenxa yeendlala zakhe ezidumile, kodwa kuninzi kwibali.

Nazi ezinye izinto ezithandekayo zeGandhi ezinikela ngento encinci ebomini bukayise waseNdiya:

1. UMahatma Gandhi wazalelwa njengoMohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Incwadi ehloniphekileyo uMahatma, okanye "uMoya Omkhulu," wanikezelwa ngo-1914.
2. UGandhi udla ngokuba nguBathou eIndiya, igama lothando elithetha "uyise."
3. UGandhi walwa kakhulu ngaphezu kokuzimela. Izizathu zakhe zazibandakanya amalungelo omntu wabasetyhini, ukuphelisa inkqubo ye-caste, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwabantu bonke ngaphandle kwenkolo.
4. UGandhi wayefuna unyango olungenakudlameka, i-Indian caste e-lowest, kwaye wayenomdla wokutya okuninzi. Wabiza ii- harijans ezingenakuthenjwa, oku kuthetha "abantwana bakaThixo."
5. UGandhi watya izithelo, iinantambo, kunye nembewu iminyaka emihlanu kodwa wabuyela emva kwintlobo yesityalo emva kokubandezeleka kwezempilo.
6. UGandhi wathabatha isibhambathiso sangaphambili sokuphepha iimveliso zobisi, nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba impilo yakhe iqale ukuhla, wajika waza waqala ukusela ubisi lweebhokhwe. Ngamanye amaxesha wayehamba kunye nebhokhwe yakhe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubisi bekunye kwaye akazange anikwe inkomo okanye ubisi lwebhokhwe.
7. Urhulumente wezondlo zabizwa ukuba achaze indlela uGandhi angahamba ngayo iintsuku ezingama-21 ngaphandle kokutya.
8. Akukho zithombe ezisemthethweni zikaGandhi zavunyelwa ngelixa uGandhi wayezila ukudla, ngenxa yokwesaba ukuqhubela phambili ukukhupha ukuzimela.

1. UGandhi wayengumdlali wefilosofi yefilosofi kwaye wayengafuni uhulumeni osisiseko eIndiya. Wayevakalelwa kukuba ukuba wonke umntu wamkela ukungabi nonyanzelo bangakwazi ukuzilawula.
2. UMahatma Gandhi, owayengummangalelwa wezopolitiko, nguWinston Churchill.
3. Ngomtshato ohleliwe ngaphambili, uGandhi wayeneminyaka engama-13 ubudala; umfazi wakhe unyaka owodwa.
4. UGandhi nomkakhe babenomntwana wabo wokuqala xa eneminyaka eli-15 ubudala. Loo mntwana wafa iintsuku ezimbalwa emva koko, kodwa isibini sasiba noonyana abane ngaphambi kokuba athathe isibhambathiso sokungena.
5. Nangona edume ngokuba ngumntu ongenalucalucalulo kunye nenkululeko yokuzimela yase-Indiya, uGandhi ngokwenene waqesha amaNdiya ukuba alwe neBrithani ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi I. Wachasa ukubandakanyeka kweIndiya kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II.
6. Umfazi kaGandhi wafa entolongweni ngowe-1944; Kwakhona wayesetolongweni ngexesha lokufa kwakhe. UGandhi wakhululwa entolongweni ngenxa yokuba wayedwelwe yi-malaria, kwaye amagosa aseBrithani ayesaba ukuxabana ukuba naye, naye, wafa entolongweni.

1. UGandhi waya esikolweni sezomthetho eLondon yaye wayedume phakathi kweso sikhundla sokubhala ngesandla okubi.
2. Umfanekiso kaMahatma Gandhi ubonakale kuwo onke amahlelo e-Indian rupees ashicilelwe ukususela ngo-1996.
3. UGandhi waphila iminyaka engama-21 eMzantsi Afrika. Wayevalelwa apho amaxesha amaninzi.
4. UGandhi wamgxeka uGandh kwaye akazange afune ukudala inkolo elandelayo elandelayo. Wavuma ukuba "wayengazi into entsha ukufundisa ihlabathi. Inyaniso kunye nokungabi nonyameko kunjengeentaba. "
5. UGandhi wabulawa ngumnye wamaHindu ngoJanuwari 30, 1948, owamtshiza kathathu kwinqanaba elingenanto. Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi zimbini baya kumngcwabo kaGandhi. I-epitaph kwisikhumbuzo sakhe eNew Delhi ifundeka ngokuthi "OoThixo" ebizwa ngokuba ngamazwi akhe okugqibela.
6. Umnxeba owawube nomlotha kaMahatma Gandhi ngoku usendaweni yaseLos Angeles.

Ukuzalwa kukaGandhi

Ukuzalwa kukaMahatma Gandhi, owawubhiyozelwa ngo-Oktobha 2, ngowona weeholide ezintathu zelizwe e-India. Ukuzalwa kukaGandhi kuthiwa nguGandhi Jayanti eIndiya kwaye ukhunjulwa ngomthandazo woxolo, imikhosi, kunye nokucula "Raghupathi Raghava Rajaram," ingoma eyintandokazi kaGandhi.

Ukuhlonipha isigidimi sikaGandhi sokungabi nonyameko, iZizwe eziManyeneyo zithe zavakalisa u-Oktobha 2 njengoSuku lweZizwe zoLuntu. Oku kwaqala ukusebenza ngo-2007.