Usuku lwe-Independence yaseArgentina lunye lwezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kweli lizwe kwaye enye yeyona nto inomdla kakhulu. Sekunqwenele ukuthintela ngabantu bezinye iintlanga abaza kwintsimi yabo, isizwe esizalwayo saloo nto ngoku iArgentina ayinakwamkela abantu abaqalayo baseSpain beza emanxwemeni eRío de la Plata.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16, amaqela ase-Indiya enyakatho-ntshona yeArgentina ayeke ukuyeka ii-Incas eziza ngaphaya kweedolophu zaseBolivia.
Enye yeendlela zaziphezu kwePuente del Inca.
UmSpain uJan de Solís wawela emanxwemeni e-Plata ngo-1516 waza waphoswa ngamaNdiya, athunjwa aze abulawe. Abasebenzi bakhe bahamba ngomkhumbi kwaye ngo-1520, uFerdinand de Magellan wayemisa kwi-Voyage Round World kodwa akazange ahlale. Emva koko, bobabini uSebastian Cabot noGeorge García bahamba ngomkhumbi eParaná naseParaguay ngo-1527 ukuze benze indawo encinane ababeyibiza ngokuthi iSancti Spiritus . Abantu basekuhlaleni bachithe le ndawo kwaye bobabini bahlolisayo babuyela eSpain.
Ukungayeki, amaSpanish azama kwakhona. Ngeli xesha, uPedro de Mendoza wafika ngowe-1536, kunye neqela elininzi elinikezelwa kakuhle nezixhobo kunye namahashe. Ukukhetha indawo yakhe kakuhle, wasungula indawo ebizwa ngokuba yiSanta María del Buen Aire , namhlanje eyaziwayo njengeBuenos Aires .
Nangona kunjalo, abahlali babengamthobeli ngakumbi kunabo basekhaya kunye noMendoza babuyela eSpanish, bashiya uJan de Ayolas kunye noDominingo Martínez de Irala.
Lo mva wenyuka umlambo wafumana u-Asuncíon eParaguay waza kamva wazisa abo basinda eBuenos Aires baya eAsuncíon. I-Ayolas isuka ePeru, isele ithatyathwe yiPizarro, kwaye ilahlekelwe yimbali.
Funda: Izinto ezili-10 ongeke uzilahle eBuenos Aires
Ekupheleni kwee-1570 amabutho aseParaguay asungula uSanta Fé eArgentina.
Ngomhla we-11 kuJuni 1580 uJuan de Garay wamisa kwakhona indawo yokuhlala eBuenos Aires. Ngaphantsi komlandeli kaGaray, uHernando Arias de Saavedra, uBuosos Aires wathatha ingcambu waza waqala ukuphumelela.
Okwangoku, ngaphesheya kweli zwekazi, iindwendwe ezivela ePeru naseChile, ezinye zaqala ngo-1543, zalandela iindlela zakudala ze-Inca ukuya eArgentina zaza zakha iindawo zokuhlala kwiindawo ze-Andes ezimpuma. I-Santiago del Estero, iTucumán, iCórdoba , i-Salta, iLa Rioja neSan Salvador de Jujuy yizidolophu ezindala kunazo zonke zaseArgentina.
Iindaba zeNguqulelo yesiFrentshi kunye neMfazwe yaseMelika yokuVikela impi yavuselela iingcamango zokuzikhethela phakathi kwabafundi baseLatin American nabapolitiki. Ukuxhatshazwa kweRío de la Plata, eyadalwa ngo-1776 kwaye iquka iChile, iParaguay, iArgentina, i-Uruguay kunye nenxalenye yeBolivia, yawela xa uNapoleon ehlasela iSpeyin waza wagxotha inkosi, uFerdinand VII.
Idolophu echwebayo yaseBuenos Aires ibonisa iinjongo ezikhangayo kwiBritani, ngoku ixhomekeka kwiiNtshontsho zePeninsular eYurophu. AmaBrithani ahlasela ngo-1806 kwaye kwakhona ngo-1807 kwaye ahlaziywa. Ukuguqula umkhosi wehlabathi ophakamileyo wanikela ithemba kwiikholeji ze-colonial ezaziphendulela ingqalelo imeko yabo yezopolitiko.
Emva kokuba amaFransi athathe amandla eSpain, abathengisi abatyebi baseBuenos Aires bebangela ukuba baqhube phambili.
Ngomhla wama-25 kuMeyi 1810, i- cabildo yaseBuenos Aires idibanise i-viceroy kwaye yazisa ukuba iya ku lawula egameni likaFaro uFernando VII. Isixeko sakha iJunta yaso kwaye samema amanye amaphondo ukuba ajoyine. Nangona kunjalo, ukungavumelani phakathi kwamaqela ezopolitiko kuye kwabambezela isimemezelo esisemthethweni sokuzimela.
Ngoxa iingxoxo ziqhutywe, imikhankaso yezempi eyakhokelwa nguGeneral José de San Martín eArgentina nakwamanye amazwe aseMzantsi Melika phakathi kwe-1814 neye-1817 yenza ukuzimela ngaphandle kweSpeyin kuyenzeka.
Usuku lokuzimela lwaseArgentina - Kutheni lugubha ngoJulayi 9
Kwakungekho ngoMatshi ka-1816, emva kokunqotshwa kweNapoleon e-Waterloo, ukuba abameli bamaPhondo ahlukeneyo bahlangana eTucumán ukuze baxoxe ngekamva lelizwe labo. NgoJulayi 9 abahambeli badibana kwikhaya lentsapho yaseBazán, ngoku iCasa Histórica de la Independencia museum, ukuvakalisa ukuzimela kwabo kolawulo lweSpeyin kunye nokwakhiwa kwamaPhondo aseMerika eMzantsi Melika emva kwePhondo le-Unidas del Río de la Plata .
I-Acta de la Declaración de l'Independencia yaseArgentina isayinwe, iqumrhu elitsha elitsha langeke lifikelele kwisivumelwano sohlobo lweburhulumente. Bamisela umlawuli ophakamileyo, kodwa amaninzi amaninzi akhetha ubukhosi bomgaqo-siseko. Abanye babefuna isimiso selizwe saseRiphablikhi, kunye nezinye iistim. Ayikwazi ukufikelela kwimvumelwano, iinkolelo eziphikisayo zagqitywa ekukholeni kwimfazwe yomhlaba ngo-1819.
Ukuthatha amandla, uJuan Manuel de Rosas, wabusa ukususela ngo-1829 ukuya ku-1852 ngelixa esebenza njengomgcini wobudlelwane bangaphandle belizwe lonke, ongenanto nayiphi na uhlobo likarhulumente karhulumente. Eyathandwa njengomtyholi, uRosas wahluthwa yi-revolution ekhokelwa nguGeneral Justo José de Urquiza phantsi kwakhe umanyano wamazwe ase-Argentine, kunye nomgaqo-siseko owawunikwa ngo-1853.
Usuku lwe-Independence Day yase-Argentina lugubha ngoJulayi 9.
Viva Argentina!