IziLuntu kunye neeGadi ezivela kwiLwandle
Abahambi ukuya kwingingqi yeChaco yaseParaguay - iNtshona-Afrika yaseMzombini yokugqibela - bahlala behlala eFiladelfia entliziyweni yamaMennonites eParaguay.
Abahlali baseMennonite beza eParaguay bevela eJamani, eCanada, eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi: inkululeko yenkolo, ithuba lokusebenzisa iinkolelo zabo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa, ukufuna umhlaba. Nangona abafuduki baseJamani behleli kwiParaguay ngaphambi kwekhulu lama-20, bekude kube ngama-1920 kunye ne-30, abaninzi bafika.
Uninzi lwabafuduki abavela eRashiya bebaleka ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwe-Bolshevik Revolution kwaye emva koko uStalin waphendula. Baye eJamani nakwamanye amazwe kwaye ekugqibeleni bajoyina ukufudukela eParaguay.
IParaguay yamkela abafuduki. Ngexesha leMfazwe ye-Triple Alliance kunye nabamelwane base-Uruguay, eBrazil nase-Argentina, iParaguay yalahlekelwa yintsimi enkulu kunye namadoda amaninzi. Ininzi yabantu baseParaguay babehlala kwicandelo elisempuma yelizwe, empuma yoMlambo iParaguay, beshiya iCaco enkulu ingabikho ndawo. Ukuhlala kule ndawo yehlathi, amalambo kunye namanxweme, kunye nokukhuthaza umnotho kunye nokunciphisa inani labantu, iParaguay yavuma ukuvumela iindawo zeMennonite.
AmaMenonites ayebizwa ngokuba ngamafama alungileyo, abasebenzi abasebenza nzima, kwaye baqeqeshwa kwimikhwa yabo. Ukongezelela, iindaba zokubamba ioli kwi-Chaco, kunye ne-Bolivia yokudibanisa kuloo ndawo, eyabangela ukuba iMfazwe ye-Chaco yango-1932, ibe yinto efunekayo yezopolitiko ukuba ibe ngummandla wabemi baseParaguay.
(Ekupheleni kwemfazwe, iBolivia yayilahlekelwe yintsimi yayo eParaguay, kodwa zombini amazwe alahlekelwa ngumphefumlo kunye nokuthembeka.)
Ngokubuyisela inkululeko yenkolo, ukukhululwa kwimisebenzi yempi, ilungelo lokuthetha isiJamani kwizikolo nakwezinye iindawo, ilungelo lokulawula imfundo, yezokwelapha, imibutho yentlalo kunye namaziko emali, amaMennonites avuma ukuhlalisa indawo engacinganga kwaye ingabonakali ngenxa yokungabikho kwamanzi.
Umthetho we-1921 owenziwe ngqungquthela yaseParaguay ngokwenene wavumela iMennonites eParaguay ukuba idale urhulumente kummandla weBoqueron.
Amagumbi amathathu okufudukela kwamanye amazwe afika:
- Iqela laseCanada elivela eManitoba lasekela i- Menno koloni ngo-1926-1927
- iqela elivela eUkraine kunye nommandla we-Amour umlambo weza ngeChina waza wakha i-coloni yaseFernheim ngo-1930
- iqela lababaleki baseRussia lasekela i- neuland koloni ngo-1947
Imiqathango yayinzima kubafikeleli abayizigidi ezimbalwa. Ukuqhambuka kwe-typhoid kwabulala abaninzi balapho bokuqala. Abaqolonti baqhubeka, befumana amanzi, benza iindawo ezincinci zentsebenziswano yezolimo, imifuno yeenkomo kunye neefama zobisi. Abaninzi balaba bahlanganisana kunye noFiladelfia ngo-1932. I-Filadelfia yaba ngumbutho wentlangano, wezoshishino kunye nezezimali. Umagazini weelwimi waseJamani uMennoblatt wasungula kwiintsuku zokuqala uqhubeka namhlanje kwaye iimyuziyam eFiladelfia ibonisa iimpahla zeMennonite kunye neengxaki zakuqala. Ummandla unikezela lonke ilizwe ngokutya kunye nemveliso yobisi. Uyakwazi ukubukela ividiyo echaza ingxelo yaseMennonite eParaguay kwi-Hotel Florida eFiladelfia.
Ukwaziwa njengeziko leMennonitenkolonie , iFiladelfia ithathwa njengowona mkhulu kunye noluntu oluqhelekileyo lwamaMenonite eParaguay kunye neziko elikhulayo lokukhenketho kwendawo.
Abahlali basathetha i-Plautdietsch, ulwimi lwaseKhanada luthiwa yiJamani ephantsi, okanye iJamani ephezulu, iHockdeutsch ezikolweni. Abaninzi bathetha iSpanish kunye nesiNgesi.
Impumelelo yomphakathi waseMenonite uye wabangela ukuba urhulumente waseParaguay ukwandise uphuhliso lweChaco, ngokusekelwe kukufumaneka kwamanzi anokusela. Abanye abantu baseMennonite bayesaba ukuba inkululeko yabo ingasengozini.
I-peanut, i-sesame, kunye neengqungquthela ezijikeleze iFiladelfia zifuna uluntu lwendalo, ngokuyininzi iintaka kwaye zizisa abadlali bezemidlalo emhlabeni wonke ukuba baqhube amajuba kunye nokudubula kwamajuba. Abanye beza ukuzingela okanye i-safaris yezithombe ukujonga iilwanyana zasendle ezisengozini kunye namajagu, iipumas kunye ne-ocelots.
Abanye, njengamazwe amaninzi aseNdiya, athathwe ngezizathu zoqoqosho. Abahambi ukuya eChaco bathenga ngezandla zabo, njengalezo ezidalwe yiNivaclé.
Ngendlela ehamba neTrans-Chaco edibanisa i-Asunción (450 km) kunye neFiladelfia, iChaco ifumaneke ngakumbi. Abantu abaninzi basebenzisa iFiladelfia njengesiseko sokuhlola iChaco.
Izinto ozenzayo uze ubone nakuFiladelfia:
- I-Jakob Unger Museum kwiFiladelfia ingxelo ye-Mennonite yokufika kunye nembali, kunye nezinto eziphathekayo malunga nezizwe zaseNdiya zaseChaco. Ungaphuthelwa kwidrafti ibonisa uhambo lomntu omnye kumazwe athile ukusuka eRashiya ukuya eParaguay.
- ULoma Plata e-Menno koloni ngowona mdala kwaye ungokoqobo kuMennonitenkolonie . Iimyuziyam zibonisa iinkcukacha zobomi bokuqala bokulima kunye nezixhobo, indlu yoovulindlela kunye neefoto.
- I-Neu-Halbstadt e-Neuland koloni yiyona ndawo ephakathi koloni kunye nendawo enhle yokuthenga izandla zobugcisa zaseNdiya.
- Fortín Toledo ukutyelela indawo yokugcina yeProyecto iTagua apho kanye phantse i-peccari iphela kwaye ikhutshwe kwintlango.
- I-Parque Nacional Defensores del Chaco , ithafa eliqingqiweyo elinamatye elinezixhobo eziphambili ze-500m (1640ft) iCroro León. Ihlathi elikhulu elinameva likhaya le-jaguar, i-puma, i-ocelot kunye nekiti likaGeoffrey. Unako ukufumana uhambo oluvela kumgada njengoko kungekho zithuthi zikawonkewonke kwiindlela ezikufutshane.
Ukusuka eFiladelfia, uRuta Trans-Chaco iyaqhubeka eBolivia. Yilungiselele ukuhamba ngothuli, kwindawo ezomileyo, kunye nokuyeka kwiMariscal Estigarribia kunye neColonia La Patria, nangona ungalindelanga naluphi na izixhobo. Ukuba ukhona ngoSeptemba, thatha ixesha kwiRallychaco Rally.
Njengabaninzi abahambahamba, uya kushiya ilizwe uthi, "Ndiyathanda iParaguay!"