Bobabini inxalenye yeLatin America, kodwa balala kwiilizwekazi ezahlukeneyo
Ngamanye amaxesha abantu abaqinisekanga ukuba yintoni umehluko phakathi kweMzantsi ne-Central America-ngamanye amagama, ngamazwe asemaphandleni. Yona mpazamo yeendawo eziqhelekileyo ngokuqwalasela zombini imimandla iLatin America. Nangona kunjalo, uMzantsi ne-Central America zifumaneka kumazwekazi ahluke ngokupheleleyo. I-Central America yona ngokwenene inxalenye yeNyakatho Melika, kunye neCanada, i-United States, iMexico, kunye namazwe aseSixeko saseCaribbean.
UMzantsi Melika yilizwekazi elikulo. Ukuba uceba uhambo olusezantsi kumda, funda imephu ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokucwangcisa uhambo lwakho.
Imbali
Izizwe ezinjengeMaya kunye ne-Olmec zilawulwa ngumboniso kwi-pre-Columbian Central America. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-15 leminyaka, emva kokutholakala kukaChristopher Columbus "kwiiqithi zaseCaribbean, iSpeyin yaqhawula ummandla wonke. Ukuhlala kwabo kwasekuqaleni ePanama ngo-1509, kwaye ngo-1519 uPedro Arias wase-Avila waqala ukuphanda kwiNyakatho yeMelika, ePentral America. U-Herman Cortes waqhubeka nokuhlala koloni kwi-1520s kunye nommandla ohlasele kunye ohlala kuwo owawunamakhulu amabini amaMaya. AmaSpeyin azisa izifo, ezathi zahlutha inani labantu abemi, kwaye zazisa ubuKatolika, obuthatyathele inkolo yabo.
Umgaqo waseSpeyin wagqiba ngoSeptemba 1821, kwaye kulandelwa ngokufutshane ngumbutho wamazwe azimeleyo eMentral America alandele iMelika.
Kodwa ngowe-1840, le nto yawa, kwaye ngamnye waba ngubukhosi. Nangona kubekho nezinye iinzame zokubumbanisa amazwe aseMntla Merika, akukho nanye iphumelele ngokusisigxina, kwaye onke ahlala emazweni ahlukeneyo.
Imbali yaseMzantsi Melika ifana neyommelwane wayo ngasentla. Kulapho, i-Inca yawulawula kwaye yaphumelela ngaphambi kokuba iSpeyin ifike ngo-1525 kwindwendwe evela ePanama eholwa nguFrancisco Pizarro.
NjengaseMbindi yeMerika, abantu baseMzantsi Afrika bahlaselwa, ubuKatolika baba yinkolo esemthethweni, kwaye iSpeyin yazityebi kwilizwekazi. UMzantsi Melika wawuphantsi kolawulo lweSpain malunga neminyaka engama-300 ngaphambi kokuba i-drive yokuzimela yenzeke kuyo yonke imikhosi yeSouth America yaseSpain ngo-1821. IBrazil yazimela kwiPortugal ngo-1822.
Geography
I-Central America, inxalenye yelizwekazi laseNyakatho yeMelika, li-1,140-miles-long-isthmus edibanisa iMexico ukuya eMzantsi Melika. Kuboshwe ngasempuma ngeLwandle lwaseCaribbean nangasentshonalanga yiLwandle lwasePacific, kungekho ndawo engaphezu kweekhilomitha ezili-125 ukusuka eCaribbean okanye ePacific. Iindawo eziphantsi komhlaba, amahlathi emvula kunye namaxhaphozi zikufuphi kwimida, kodwa ininzi yeMicentral America ihamba kunye neentaba. Inentaba-mlilo edlalwa ngamanye amaxesha, kwaye ummandla unobungozi obukhulu kakhulu kwiindawo ezinyikima.
UMzantsi Melika, i-zwekazi yesine elikhulu kwihlabathi, iindawo ezahlukeneyo, kunye neentaba, amaphafa, unxweme kunye nemifuno yomlambo. Inomlambo omkhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni (i-Amazon) kunye neyona ndawo eyona ndawo emhlabeni (i-Atacama Desert). I-Amazon Basin ifinyelela ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezili-2.7 zeekhilomitha eziqhelekileyo kwaye iyona ndawo iphakamileyo.
Ihlanganiswe kwihlathi lemvula, xa i-Andes ifinyelela esibhakabhakeni kwaye yenze umgudu welizwekazi. UMzantsi Melika unqamle empumalanga nge-Atlantic Ocean, ngasentshonalanga yePacific, kwaye ngasentla ngaselwandle lwaseCaribbean. I-Atlantic nePasifike idibana kumzantsi osezantsi eMzantsi Melika.
Iinkcazo
I-Central America iqala ibhuloho esuka eMexico ukuya eMzantsi Melika eGuatemala naseBelize kwaye idibanisa eMzantsi Melika apho iPanama ithinta iKolombia. Yonke inamagugu aseSpeyin kunye neSpanish ngaphandle kweBelize, eli lizwe lesiNgesi.
UMzantsi Melika, ophantse kwiNkcubeko yeNtshona Koloni, uquka amazwe angama-12. Uninzi lwabantu abakhuluma iSpanishi ngelifa leSpeyin. EBrazil, eyayihlaziywa yiPutukezi, ithetha isiPutukezi. Abahlali baseGuyana bathetha isiNgesi, kwaye iDutch iyilwimi esemthethweni yaseSuriname.
I-French Guiana ayilona lizwe kodwa kunoko isebe laseFransi elingaphesheya kwe-Creole vibe kunye neekhilomitha ze-Atlantic yonxweme.
Iindawo ezidumile
Ezinye zeendawo eziphezulu ukutyelela eMbindi yeMelika yiTikal, eGuatemala; I-Hummingbird Highway eBelize; Isixeko sasePanama; kunye ne-Monteverde kunye neSanta Elena, eCosta Rica.
UMzantsi Melika unobuninzi bezokhenketho ezinkulu ezibandakanya iIlafagos Islands; Rio de Janiero; Cusco kunye noMachu Picchu, ePeru; Buenos Aires; kunye neCartagena kunye neBotota, eColombia.
Amazwe aseMbindi Merika
Amazwe asixhenxe enza iPentral America, esukela kumda osezantsi eMexico ukuya kumntla we-Brazil eMzantsi Melika.
- I-Belize : Leli lizwe elithetha isiNgesi eliselunxwemeni lwaseCaribbean liyaziwa ngenxa yendawo enkulu yokungqingila kunye neMean.
- ICosta Rica : Efumaneka phakathi kwePacific neCaribbean, i-Costa Rica iindawo eziphambili ezikulo, iziqhwithi zeentaba, kunye namahlathi emvula.
- I-El Salvador : Izwe elincinci kakhulu nelininzi labantu baseMelika laseMelika liphuma ngaphandle kwekhofi, lityisa i-pupusa elihlwayekileyo, kwaye linama-volcano angaphezu kwe-20, amanye asebenzayo.
- I-Guatemala : Isixeko samandulo saseTikal, indawo ye-UNESCO yeGugu leMveli, enye yezona ndawo ezinkulu kwiMexico eMzentamerika kwaye zineempile ezingaphezu kwe-3 000, iipramramid kunye nezinye izakhiwo.
- I-Honduras : Imifuma ye-coral e-Honduras yiseMesoamerican Barrier Reef System, eyesibili ngobukhulu kuphela kwi-Great Barrier Reef yase-Australia.
- I-Nicaragua : Ilizwe eliphambili laseMntla eMelika liya ekhaya eGranada, isixeko saseSpain esona sikhulu kunazo zonke e-Central America.
- I-Panama : Leli lizwe lidibanisa iMntla kunye neMzantsi Melika kunye neCanama Canal ekhangayo idibanisa i-Atlantic ne-Pacific.
Amazwe eMzantsi Melika
UMzantsi Melika ulula iikhilomitha ezili-689 zeekhilomitha kwaye unamazwe angama-12.
- I-Argentina : I-Argentina, ilizwe lesibhozo elinesibhozo, apho uya kufumana khona i-Andes Mountains, umculo we-tango kunye nomdaniso, kunye ne-capitalist Buenos Aires.
- I-Bolivia : I-Bolivia iqukethe amahlathi e-Amazon, i-Andes Mountains, kunye neLake Titicaca, elinezi-12,536 iinqanawa ezihamba phambili kwihlabathi.
- IBrazil : iBrazil yilizwe eliphambili eMzantsi nelaseMntla eMerika kunye nesihlanu esikhulu sehlabathi. Ikhaya laseRio de Janeiro lomkhosi weCarnaval, iCopacabana kunye ne-Ipanema, kunye nomfanekiso kaYesu Kristu kwiNtaba yaseCorcovado.
- I-Chile : E-Chile, uya kufumana unxweme olude olusePacific, i-Andes kunye neNtaba yaseChile Coast Coast, i-Easter Island, iwayini ezinkulu, kunye ne-Atacama Desert, indawo ehamba phambili emhlabeni.
- IColombia : iColombia, emngceleni weMizi yaseAmazon, uLwandle lwaseCaribbean, kunye nePacific Ocean, lizwe lasekhaya likaNobel uGeorel Garcia Marquez kunye nomzi waseMedellín, obizwa ngokuba yi "Isixeko soMphefumlo ongunaphakade."
- I-Ecuador : I-Ecuador, ekhona kwi-equator, yilapho uza kubona i-Spanish colonial architecture, amahlathi e-Amazon, i-Andes Mountains, kunye nezilwanyana zasendle ezininzi zaseGalapagos.
- I-Guyana : iGuyana ekhuluma isiNgesi inokwabelana ngelifa lemveli kwiCaribbean kwaye lihlanganiswa yimvula yamanzi. Isixeko salo sixeko saseGeorgetown sinesakhiwo esihle se-Dutch colonial kunye neBrithani.
- IParaguay : iParaguay, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Intliziyo yaseMzantsi Melika," yindawo yokuhlala kwiindawo ezinqabileyo zase-Jesuit, kunye ne-Iguacu Falls, elona lide kwaye liphindwe kabini njengoNiagara Falls.
- EPeru : I-Peru idume kakhulu kwi-Machu Picchu kunye ne-Incan Trail, kodwa nayo yaziwa ngokuba yi-ceviche, isidlo esihlwabisayo seentlanzi eziluhlaza kwi-marinade ye-lime juice kunye nepelepele.
- I-Suriname : Kanye ekuthiwa yiDutch Guiana, i-Suriname yilizwe elincinane kunazo zonke eMzantsi Melika kunye nomzi kwiSt. Peter nePaul Cathedral Basilica, enye yezona zakhiwo ezinkulu zokhuni emhlabeni.
- I-Uruguay : E-Atlantic Ocean, i-Uruguay inamabhishi amahle, kuquka enye apho uza kufumana uLa Mano, umfanekiso wesandla esivela kwintlabathi edolophini elithandwayo lasePunta del Este.
- I-Venezuela : Efumaneka kwiNxweme yaseCaribbean, iVenezuela ineendawo ezininzi zeepaki, ezibandakanya iPaima National Park, apho uza kubona iAngles Falls, ephakamileyo ngamanzi aphezulu angama-3,208.