Intolongo ehloniphekileyo yaseHanoi yabanjwa ngamabanjwa aseVietnam naseMerika
Akukho nto ilungisa ngayo indlela ehamba ngayo inje ejele yaseHanoi, eVietnam . Ukutyelela kwi "Hanoi Hilton" kunokukhuthaza ukubuhlungu, ukunyaniseka, kwaye, kuxhomekeka kwiimeko zakho zezombusazwe, ukugqithisa okungafaniyo.
Ulibale ngo "Hanoi Hilton" echazwe kwingcaciso egciniweyo ngabasindileyo njengoJohn McCain noRobinson Risner, okanye amafilimu afana neHanoi Hilton . Iintolongo zentolongo zijolise ekubandezelekeni kwabaguquleli baseVietnam abavalelwe (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha babulawa) apha xa amaFrentshi ayengumfundisi waseVietnam ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.
Xa ama-POW aseMerika enza ukubonakala, anikezwa njengento ecocekileyo, ephathwe kakuhle, kwaye enokwenza kakuhle nabathinjwa - bonke abakwikamelo elilodwa baphawule ngolu hlobo lwe-flight suit ye-John McCain.
Nangona kunjalo, i-Hoa Lo Prison ifanelekile ukutyelela, ukuba nje ufumane amava kolononi njengoko iVietnam ibona kufanelekile ukuyixelela, kwaye uqikelele kwiibali ezingabonakaliyo ngeendonga ezingenalutho kunye nezikhonkwane ezibonakalayo. Ukuhamba Ngomhla Wosuku-Hanoi Hilton
Oko ubona kwintolongo ye-Hoa Lo Joleni yinyani kuphela yecandelo elincinci eliselunxwemeni lenkxalabo yonke emva kwelanga; Ininzi yentolongo yachithwa phakathi kwee-1990 ukwenzela indlela yokwenza iHanoi Towers, iofisi epholileyo kunye ne-hotel edibeneyo kangangokuba i-capitalism yayiza kubakhokisa uHo Chi Minh.
Inkqubo yenkomo yanamhlanje ingangena ngesango e-Hoa Lo Street, eyaziwayo ngamabanjwa aseVietnam ngokuthi "i-Monster's mouth".
Lo mnyango uchazwe ngamazwi e- Maison Centrale , okanye "indlu ephakathi", ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo beFransi kwiintolongo zedolophu. (Intolongo eConakry, iGuinea isaziwa njenge- Maison Centrale kuze kube namhlanje.)
- Iholide yokuhamba ehamba phambili eHoa Lo Ijele ingafundwa apha: Uhambo lwe "Hanoi Hilton" - Intolongo yaseHanoi, eVietnam .
Ukuhlola kwiHanoi Hilton
Hoa Lo Ijongo yakhiwa ngamaFrentshi phakathi kowe-1886 ukuya ku-1901, kunye nokulungiswa okongeziweyo ngo-1913. Abalawuli be-colonial baseFransi bacinga ukuba benze umzekelo wabakhuthazi baseVietnam ukuzimela, kwaye yintoni enye indlela engcono yokwenza oko kunokubeka ijele entle phakathi kwesi sixeko?
Ukuhlala eHanoi Hilton kwakungekho ipikiniki. Ukususela ngomhla owodwa, uHoa Lo yayininzi kakhulu-ngelixa ubukhulu balo babengu-600 amabanjwa, ngaphezu kwe-2,000 bevalelwe ngaphakathi kwindonga ngo-1954.
Iintolongo e Hoa Lo zazixutywa phantsi kwaye zazihlala zibetha ngabagadi. I-"E" yokucima (echazwe ngasentla) yayihlala kubanjwa bezopolitiko, ababethelelwe kwindawo yokuhlala kwaye bahlelwe ngemigangatho emibini. I-latrine imile ekupheleni kwesigxina, ngokujonga ngokugcwele kwamanye amabanjwa.
Ukubulawa kwaqhutyelwa eHoa Lo iJongeni ngendlela ye-guillotine ehambahambayo, ehlala isondele kwicala lokufa.
Ngokungazi, amaFrentshi ayakhe eHoa Lo incubator for revolution. Amaziko kaHoa Lo afunde ngoKhomishini ngegama lomlomo, kwaye amanqaku ayedluliselwa ngapha nangaphandle kwaye ayibhalwa kwiinki ezingabonakali zenziwe kwiimveliso zonyango. Ubuncinane abahlanu beeNobhala Jikelele beeNqununu ze-Vietnamese Communist Party baya kuchitha iminyaka yabo yokwenza iHoa Lo Prison.
I-POW yaseMerika eHanoi Hilton
Njengoko umgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle wase-US waphendukela kwi-Indochina, imfazwe yokulwa phakathi kwamacala omabini eVietnam esandula ukuzimelela yayiza kutshintsha iHoa Lo Prison kwakhona.
Urhulumente waseHanoi waseKhomanisi waseNyakatho yeVietnam wayezimisele ukugcina iHoa Lo ijele njengesikhumbuzo sobudlova baseFransi. Kodwa inani elikhulayo lama-POWs aseMerika lifuna ukuguqulwa kwezicwangciso.
Kwimeko ye-Hoa Lo i-Today, i-American POW e-Hoa Lo entolongweni inikwe i- white-shed , eqinisweni-kubonakaliso amabini okwenziwe ukuba kubonakale njengenqabana ekhululekile. Emuva ngemini, nangona kunjalo, le ndawo yayiyikroko "egumbini elibhakabhaka", apho amabanjwa amatsha aphinda aphandwe aze ahlushwa ukuba ayengathobeli. Umdala wePOW uJulius Jayroe uxela ngamava akhe okuqala kwiBlue Room:
"Ndathunyelwa eHanoi ndaza ndaziswa kwiCandelo leBlue Blue kwi-New Guy yeSigaba se-Hanoi Hilton (i-Hoa Lo Prison). Ibhalansi yolo busuku, umhla olandelayo, kwaye ubusuku obulandelayo, wanyamezela ukuhlushwa ( izitya, iintambo, ukubetha) ukwenqaba ukunika nantoni ulwazi olungaphaya kwegama, i-rank, i-sn, kunye ne-dob. "
Akukho nto kwiGumbi eliBlue elikhoyo langoku libonisa ukuhlushwa okwenziwe ngaphakathi kweendonga zayo; Kunoko, ukuchonga imifanekiso kubonisa i-POWs ecocekileyo yokucima isidlo seKrisimesi, kunye neziboniso zokubanjiswa kweembopheleleko zangasese.
Eyinyaniso yeHanoi Hilton Ixelwe kwenye indawo
Uya kufuneka ufumane i-American side yeHoa Lo ijele kwiincwadi ezibhalwa yiindwendwe zangaphambili zeHanoi Hilton. I-POWs elandelayo eHoa Lo ekugqibeleni yabhala iincwadi ezithetha ngamava abo.
I-Admiral uJames Stockdale yayigcinwe yedwa ejele ngoHoa Lo-wazilimaza ukuze avimbele iVietnam ukuba ayisebenzise njengethuluzi lobuxoki. Emva kokukhululwa kwakhe ngo-1973, i-Admiral yakhupha i-Vietnam Experience: iminyaka eyi-10 yokucamngca ukuthetha ngeminyaka yakhe eHanoi Hilton.
UMgadi-Jikelele uGrigadier General uRobinson Risner wayeyi-POW yezinga eliphezulu kwi-Hoa Lo. Umngcipheko ekugqibeleni wakhulisa i-autobiography, The Passing of Night: Iminyaka Yami Yesixhenxe Njengentolongo yeNyakatho yeVietnam , echaza amava akhe njengentolongo yemfazwe eHoa Lo.
I-Senator kunye no-2008 uMongameli weRiphabliki uYohn McCain wadutshulwa ngo-1967 waza wahlala eHoa Lo kwaye wasuka ngo-1967 ukuya ku-1973. Ukuphazamiseka kwakhe nokulimala kwakubi kakhulu, wayengalindelanga ukuba aphile, zakhe i-POWs. UMcCain kamva wachaza amava akhe eHoa Lo kwincwadi yakhe ethi Faith of My Fathers .
Amava aseMerika POW eHoa Lo Ijele baphefumlela i-movie iHanoi Hilton eyayisebenzisa i-interviews kunye nee-POWs zangaphambili njengemithombo yokutshutshiswa kwe-gory ukutshutshiswa kwiphephancwadi.
Ukufikelela eHanoi Hilton
Indlela elula yokufikelela kwiHoa Lo iJongeni ngeteksi - 1 Pho Hoa Lo ilungile kwikona yeFa Ha Ba Trung, ngasezantsi kweLwandle lwaseHoan Kiem emlonyeni wekota yesiFrentshi. Funda malunga nokuthutha eHanoi, Vietnam .
Intolongo ivuliwe ukususela ngo-8 ukuya kwe-5 ntambama, imihla ngemihla yeveki, kunye nekhefu lokuhlwa kwasemini ukusuka ngo-11: 30 ukuya ku-1: 30 ebusuku.