Uhambo lwe "Hanoi Hilton", iNjongo ye-Infamous Hoa eVietnam

01 ngo-10

Isingeniso kuHoa Lo Ijele, okanye "Hanoi Hilton", eHanoi, eVietnam

Hoa Lo Ijele , eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Hanoi Hilton", i-museum kufuphi nekota yesiFrentshi yaseHanoi, eVietnam . Yayiqala ukwakha ngasekupheleni kweminyaka ye-1890 yi-Vietnam ye-French colonizers njengeyona ntolongo ephakathi (House Centrale) yezigebengu zaseVietnam.

Njengoko ubukhosi baseNyakatho yeVietnam beyaphuma kwiFrentshi ukuya kumaJapan ukuya kumaKomanisi aseVietnam, amabanjwa ashintshana njengamaKomanisi aseVietnam abanjwe ngabaphathi baseFransi abanoyiko banika amajele aseMelika amabutho kunye neembopheleleko zase-Vietnamese zesazela.

Ukuba ulindele i-akhawunti elandelwe ngokuthembeka yase-American POW ebomini eHanoi Hilton, nangona kunjalo, uya kudumala ngumboniso-imbali ibhaliwe ngabahluli, emva koko, ibali abalitshilo apha lilo abahlali be-Vietnamese base-Vietnamese ababethelelwe entolongweni, bahlushwa, baqhutywe ngabahlali baseFransi nabaseJapan.

Ukufikelela eHanoi Hilton

Hoa Lo Ijele lifumaneka lula ngeteksi; 1 Pho Hoa Lo ilungile kwikona ye Pho Ha Ba Trung, ngasentla kweLwandle lwaseHoan Kiem emlonyeni wekota yesiFrentshi. Funda malunga nokuthutha eHanoi .

Ijele lihlala ubude be-Pho Hoa Lo, ehamba ukusuka e-Pho Hai Ba Trung ukuya e-Pho Tho Nhuom. Kuphela kuphela ukuphela kwelokuphela kwelokuphela - enye inqunywe yi-Hanoi Towers ubunzima kwi-1990s.

Ukungena, kuya kufuneka uhlawule umrhumo wokungena kwe-VND 20,000 (malunga ne-$ 1 US) esangweni, kodwa incwadana yombala iya kunikwa xa ukhokhelwa. Ifoto ivunyelwe.

02 ngo 10

Isixeko sasePhu Kan Kanh

Xa ungena esangweni kwaye uhlawula umrhumo wokungena, uya kukhokelwa kwisakhiwo eside kwixesha lakho ngqo. Igumbi lokuqala ufaka iimpawu ezibonisa indawo yasePhu Kanh eyayimelwe kwi-Hoa Lo kwiNgxowankulu.

Idolophana yayithengiswa ngokukodwa ekuveliseni nasekuthengisweni kwezindlu zeceramic, ezinika isitalato igama layo - "Hoa Lo" ngokutshintshela ngokucacileyo "isitofu" okanye "isithando somlilo", esasijikelezile yonke idolophana eminqubeni yemveliso yombumbi ngosuku busuku.

Igumbi lokuqala libonisa ubumba obudala kunye neentsimbi eziqhelekileyo zendawo ngaphambi kokuba amaFrentshi atshabalalise idolophu ukuze enze iNjongo yaseHoa. Phantse imizi emine yabashenxiswa kwinkqubo.

03 ngo 10

Iintloni zoHoa Lo

Igumbi lesibini kwisakhiwo sibonisa i-diorama yeHoa Lo Ijongo ebuyela emva kwayo, kunye nesango elikhulu lesinyithi elalikhupha phezu kwegumbi.

Isango elisetyenziselwa ukuma "emlonyeni we-monster" (umnyango wangaphambili apho iindwendwe ziqhubela khona ukungena eHoa Lo Prison); namhlanje, esi sikhulu sotsimbi sinobukrakra obukhulu kwigumbi elithumela iindwendwe kwiinkwenkwezi kunye neentloni ezifunyanwa ngamabanjwa eHoa Lo.

04 we-10

Ukugcinwa kwezinto kunye neentolongo

I-"E" yokucima igumbi elide kunye neendlela zokuphila ngobungakanani beziboshwa zaseVietnam ezixutywe emigqeni emibini, kunye nomgca kwelinye icala. Njengokuba unokucinga ngomfanekiso, ubomi njengentolongo yezopolitiko eHoa Lo yayingekho ipikiniki.

Iintolongo zazivalelwe kwiimeko ezihlaselayo, ukutya ukutya okubolayo kabini imihla ngemihla, kwaye bavunyelwe imizuzu elineshumi elinesihlanu ukuphuma emaketeni abo imihla ngemihla. I-Academic Peter Zinoman, ebhaliweyo encwadini yakhe ethi Colonial Bastille: Imbali yokuvalelwa eVietnam, ngo-1862-1940, ichaza iimeko ekugqibeleni njengendawo yobugcisa kwiintolongo zaseFransi:

"Amaninzi amabanjwa ahlala ndawonye kwidolophini yoluntu, ngokuqhelekileyo i-edifice ekwintolongo." Kukho, onke amabanjwa alala ecaleni, kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zekhonkrithi ezihamba ngeendonga. iindandatho, apho i-bar yensimbi, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-barre de justice, ifakwe.

Izikhonkwane zazingenakukuthintela amabanjwa ukuba athabathe, ngokuqinisekileyo. UZinoman ucaphuna ibanjwa elithile, owayekhumbula ixesha lakhe entolongweni ngesimo sengqondo. "Nangona sasingenakunyanzeliswa ngamaketanga ajikeleze iinyawo zethu, savuya kuba sasisondelene kunye kwaye sinokuxubusha kunye nokukhumbula okubuhlungu," kutsho ibanjwa.

05 we-10

Umgumbano eHoa Lo Ijele

I- cachot , okanye isigodlo , apho amabanjwa ayingozi okanye azibulala azigcinwa etilongweni. Kwinqanaba elincinci ngalinye, intolongo yayinamathele kwi-konkrete, kwaye loo ndawo yayigcinwa phantsi.

06 ngo 10

IKorrid kunye neeKhumbuzo

Emva kokuba uphuma kwindawo eyodwa, uya kuhamba ekhompyutheni elide ngaphandle apho iindawo ezikhunjulwayo zigcinwe kwiimbopheleleko zaseVietnam, kubandakanywa nokuthuthwa kwamanzi apho amajele angamahlanu ase-Vietnamese aphephe ngo-Eva ngo-1951. idumela layo elinoyikisayo - iimpumlo ezininzi eziphumelelayo zasejele zabhalwa kwimbali ende ende yejele.

Amajele ayenako ukuhamba ephuma entolongweni; kwenguqu edidekileyo phakathi kweFransi neJapan ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, amanye amabanjwa aguqukile eengubo zabo zentolongo kwaye aphephe.

07 ngo 10

Guillotine kwiRight Row

Emva kokuwela ubude bekridi, uya kudlula kwiindawo zokuhlala kubanjwa amabhinqa, ngaphambi kokungena kwigalari eyenziwa ngabakholoni baseFransi. Amapolisa amabhinqa awazange aphunyezwe kulawulo olunzima lwentolongo - iingcaphuno zaseZinoman ezivela kwingxelo eyenziwe ngumnye uMichael Chastenet de Géry kwiimeko zeengqungquthela zesini.

"Inxalenye yesetyhini ibonisa umgangatho wokujonga ucoceko nokuziphatha kunye nombono wobuntu obulula umfanekiso ovukelekileyo. Kwindawo eyakhelwe iimbopheleleko ezili-100, ezingama-225 zezi zidalwa ezibuhlungu zivaliwe. ixhoba elingenakuchazwayo, amabanjwa ezopolitiko, amabanjwa aqhelekileyo, amabhinqa, kunye noomama abalishumi elinesibini, kunye neentsana zabo. "

Umgca wegumbi lokufa uhleli emva kwekota yebhinqa - kweli gumbi, ubugebengu bolawulo lwe-colonial yaseFransi buchazwe ngokucacileyo.

I-guillotine ibhekise eludongeni olulodwa ukugxininisa ukutshabalalisa okwenzekayo apha; Ifoto yokuvuna yeentloko ezintathu ezithunyelwe ngeposi zifakwe ngaphandle kwayo. Le guillotine ethile yayisetyenziswa - into eyona nto yayaziwayo ukuba yenzeke kwiYen Bai Prison, apho amalungu ayishumi elinanye eqela lesizwe elifa lifa.

Enye ibonakaliso kule gumbi ibonisa iimpawu ezilishumi elinanye ze-Hoa Lo abafazi abafa apha; iintlungu zabo kunye nexesha elizayo zichazwe kwisiboniso.

08 ngo 10

KwiSikhumbuzo

Isithuba esilandelayo siphezu kwindawo enkulu engaphandle ngaphandle kweHoa Lo Ijele: isikhumbuzo sesikhumbuzo esiya kuhlonishwa kwabafileyo belizwe laseVietnam . Kubantu baseMerika, esi sikhumbuzo singabonisa ukukhishwa kwamagama-emva kwayo yonke into, asizange sikhulume ukuba sikholwe "iHanoi Hilton" yayingumqondiso wokucinezelwa?

Kodwa uHaa Lo Ijongo ibangela isithunzi esithile kwimbali yaseVietnam - ngaphantsi kweFrentshi, intolongo yayiyintlupheko yokuguquka, kwaye abo bafa kwiimeko zabo ezingenakwenzekayo bathathwa namhlanje ngabaseVietnam njengabafel 'ukholo. Amava ase-American POW eHoa Lo, esiza kuwabona ngokulandelayo, afanelekileyo kodwa awona manqaku ambalwa kwimbali yentolongo, kunye nembali yaseVietnam ngokubanzi.

09 we-10

Umboniso wePilot

Amava ase-American POW kwi "Hanoi Hilton" ngexesha leMfazwe yaseVietnam lidlalwa ngokupheleleyo "kwigumbi eliluhlaza", eyaziwa ngokuba ngumboniso wokulinganisa. Iifestile zombini kwi-pilot umboniso ubonisa umbono ococekileyo kakhulu we-POW ebomini kwintolongo yaseHanoi yaseHoa Lo.

Elinye igalari lichaza ingozi ehambele eVietnam ngeenqwelo zaseMelika kunye nokuzama ukugweba ukuvalelwa kwamakhulu ama-American POWs, abaqhubi abaqhutywe ngaphaya kweNyakatho yeVietnam baze bavalelwe ejele laseVietnam njengoHoa Lo. I-Arizona Senator uJohn McCain udlala indima ebonakalayo kule mboniso, njengoko i-suit suit yayo ifakwe kwindawo ekupheleni kwegalari kunye nemiphumo yakhe isasazeka kulo mboniso.

Igalari yesibini ibonisa ukubonisa ubungakanani be-POW ubomi kuHoa Lo, kunye nemifanekiso yamasosha aseMelika ahlambulukileyo ahlanjululwayo kwaye aphilileyo adala umfanekiso oqaqambileyo wobomi bentolongo. I-church-like nave enomnqamlezo kunye nemifanekiso ye-POWs emthandazweni kunye nokulungiselela isidlo seKrisimesi inika ingqiqo inkululeko yonqulo engapheliyo.

Imifanekiso kule dilesi idibene ngokubanzi malunga neengxelo ezinikwe ngokubuyisela i-POWs njengoMcCain noRobinson Risner; sibona urhulumente waseVietnam umbono wokuphila e Hoa Lo, kodwa akukho nto kuyo yonke indawo yePOWs yokujonga.

10 kwi-10

ISikhumbuzo kwiiPatriot kunye nabaFighters Fighters

Ukugqibela ukuma kwiHoa Lo kutyelelo ngumbumbi kwisitezi sesibini, kunye namagumbi amancinane asebenza njengesikhumbuzo kwabasindileyo beHoa Lo Prison. Amagama ahloniphekileyo ama-Hoa Lo mabanjwa akhunjulwa ngokubhekiselele kumabhadu obhedu eludongeni. Igumbi libonisa iimpembelelo zabo (kubandakanye ifulegi enkulu yaseJapan yaseJapan) kwaye ikhumbuza iseli leqela lamaKhomanisi elasekelwe ngaphakathi kweendonga zeHoa Lo Iintolongo.

UbuKomanisi baseVietnam beza kuzalwa kwiintolongo ezifana neHoa Lo - kwiimeko ezinjalo zokugweba, ama-colonizers aseFransi ayengazi ngokuzikhethela ukutshintshwa kweengcamango zenguqu kunye nokukhuthaza ingcamango phakathi kwabavukeli. Iziqulatho zeZinoman, i-Organizer labasebenzi kunye nabangamashumi amabini e-Hoa Lo:

"Xa ndiseLosos, ndandiphazamiseka ngasese kodwa ndingazi ukuba yintoni i-communism kuphela. Emva kokuba ndivalelwe e Hoa Lo kwaye ndafumana ithuba lokufunda iincwadi kunye nokufundisisa Ngaba ndiyayiqonda indlela efanelekileyo yobunzima bamaKomanisi. ukuya kwiinyanga e Hoa Lo, ixesha libonakala lixabiseke kakhulu. Ndiyabulela kuphela kwiinyanga zam e Hoa Lo ndayazi into ethile yombono wokuguquguquka. "