I-Monk yase-Ireland, iSaint kunye neNkundla yokuBizwa kweMelika
USaint Brendan (e-Irish Bréanainn , e-Icelandic Brandanus ) waseClonfert wayehlala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-5 nelanga-6 leminyaka-kwaye phakathi kwabangcwele base-Ireland bakhe ibango elikhethekileyo lokudumisa kukufumanisa kweMelika.
Okanye ngaba kunjalo?
Wayebizwa ngokuba ngumqhubi wendlela ngenxa yeengxelo ezichazwe ngamagunya akhe kwindawo engaziwayo. Oko kwakuquka ukuhamba ukuya eMelika. Kuboniswe. Kodwa yintoni inyaniso yembali?
Makhe sijonge ngokukhawuleza eBrendan kunye neenqanawa zakhe.
I-Historical Brendan
Ukuqala nge-disclaimer - njengesiqhelo, kuncinci ulwazi oluncinci okanye amaxwebhu atholakalayo malunga ne-Brendan yembali. Kuphela imihla yokuzalwa nokufa kwakhe kunye neengxelo zezinye iziganeko ebomini bakhe zinokufumaneka kwiingxelo kunye neenzala. Eminye i-hagiography, njenge "Life of Brendan" kunye ne "Uhambo lukaSanta Brendan waseAbbot". Zomdla ngakumbi kwiindlela ezibonisa impembelelo yakhe kumaKristu e-Ireland. Kodwa bobabini babhalwa ngokoqobo emva kokufa kwakhe.
U-Brendan wazalwa malunga ne-484, isithethe senzeke oku okanye ubuncinci kufuphi neTrelee ( kwiNgingqi yeKerry ). Ufundiswe ukususela ebusheni ngabadala bebandla kunye -amama, kuthiwa uye wajoyina iStam Jarlath kwisikolo sezindwendwe zaseTuam eneminyaka emithandathu.
Wamiselwa njengombingeleli nguSt. Erc malunga no-512, uBrndan waqalisa umsebenzi wokuba ngumvangeli wasemazweni waza waziwa ngokuba "wabapostile abayishumi elinesibini base-Ireland".
Oku kuhambelana nokuqala komsebenzi wakhe ngokuthi "i-Navigator" (kunye "ne-Voyager" okanye, ngokuthe ngqo "i-Bold") - u-Brendan ukhetha umthunywa oselisekelwe emkhombeni ojikeleze kwimida kunye neziqithi (okanye ezikude) e-Ireland. Ukuba nesibindi wabuya waya eScotland, Wales naseBrittany ... esungula iindwendwe ezisezindleleni.
Ngethuba le mizamo uBrndan wabutha iqela leendwendwe ezazibandakanya naye kwisikhwama sokuya kwi "Land of Promise", iparadesi esemhlabeni yeentlobo, kungekhona ukudideka kunye "nelizwe elithembisiweyo" elondolozayo kwiindawo zakwaSirayeli namhlanje.
Uhambo lwe-Brendan - i-Irish Tradition
"Uhambo lukaSaint Brendan" luyinxalenye yecala - kunye nenxalenye yoluhlobo oluthandwayo kakhulu kwi-Ireland yase-Old, okuthi " immram ". Ukubhala okuhambayo kuquka amaqhawe amakhulu, izikebhe kunye nokukhangela ihlabathi elingcono. Njengomhlaba wobutsha obungunaphakade, iTir na nOg , edlalwa njengesiqithi sentshonalanga ye-Ireland, kude, nangapha ngaphaya kwemida yehlabathi.
I-Irish immram yayithandwa kakhulu kwii-7 neye-8, iinguqu zokuqala zohambo lukaBrendan ziye zabhalwa ngolu xesha, zidibene nezinye iindaba. Okwenza kube nzima ukucacisa ukuba yiziphi iindawo "zangaphambili", zeziphi iingongoma kunye neengxelo eziyiyo (ezingaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi).
I-Synopsis emfutshane kakhulu ye-Brendan Travel
Njengoko le ngxelo ikhona kwiinguqu ezininzi, nantso amathambo angenanto: UBrendan ubeka kunye neqela labalandeli (kungekhona bonke abo kukholwa) ukufumana "Isiqithi Sokubongwa" okanye "umhlaba weZithembiso", ngokugqithisileyo ingqungquthela yobuKristu yeTir na nOg kwaye phantse izulu emhlabeni (okanye iparadesi).
Ngolu hlobo uhambo oluninzi lujonge ... luvela kwizinto eziqhelekileyo kwizilwanyana zamathambo. Neesilingo, isilingo soloko sisiso.
Kwinqanaba laseKerry, u-Brendan wakha isikebhe esiqhelekileyo sase-Irland sase-wattle, esikumboza ngeempahla eziqingqiweyo kunye, emva kokukhawuleza kweemini iintsuku ezingamashumi amane, uhamba ngomkhumbi ukuya ekuphumeni kwelanga. Isizathu salo msebenzi? Kubonakala ukuba uSaint Barrid ulapho, wenza loo nto waza wachaza le ngxelo, ngoko uBrendan wayifumana.
Ukuphuma baya kusuka kwisiqithi ukuya kwisiqithi kunye nobuninzi bamanzi. Ukuhlangana (phakathi kwezinye) iidemon zeTopiya, iintaka zibetha iindumiso, iidonki ezingapheliyo, iqula kunye namanzi asebenza njengento enamandla yokukhusela, "izilwanyana zaselwandle" ezahlukana ngokukhawuleza, i-griffon, uYudas kwiholide elivela esihogweni, iindawo ezondliwa yi-otter eninzi kwaye njalo ... de ekugqibeleni zifike "kwiLizwe lesithembiso", ziphezulu ezintlanu, zihamba ngeekhaya kwaye yiloo nto.
Ukuphosa izinto, kodwa kungeyona nto ibhaso yeNewel Prize. Kwaye, ngokuqhelekileyo ukuthetha, ukukhuthazwa okuqhubekayo ukukhokelela ubomi obuhle, bubuKristu.
I-American Connection
Eminye yeziganeko ehambo lwaseBrendan ziguqulelwe njengeenkcazo zeendawo zangempela. Ngaphandle kokucacileyo njengesiqithi esilahla xa iidonki zikhanyisa umlilo kuyo ... awuyikukhanyisa imililo emagodini. Kodwa thabatha isiqithi esakhiwe isizwe sabantu abakhandi abanobunzima, bephosa amalahle aqhaqhaqhayo kubahambi. Ngaba le nto ingaba yi-Iceland, igqibe ngokusebenza kwe-volcanic?
Ekupheleni konke kuxhomekeka kwindlela ofunda ngayo uhambo lweBrendan, kungekhona ukuba kubhaliwe ...
Kwaye oko kusebenza ekufumaneni iMelika kunye. Yintoni esekelwe kwisicatshulwa ukuba ukuba uhamba ngentshonalanga ukusuka e-Ireland ukuma okulandelayo nguMelika. Okuyinyaniso ... ukuba ubambe inkambo ye nyaniso kwaye ayiphambukeli eGreenland, eIceland, kwiiIriary Islands, kwiAzores okanye kwenye indawo. Khumbula ukuba umntu wokugqibela ufumanisa iMelika wacinga ukuba uye wafika eNdiya.
Kuphela emva kokuba i- immram kaBrendan sele isondele ngokupheleleyo kwiindalana ezinde, zibandakanya ezinjalo ezifana ne-Ulysses neSinbad, le ngcamango ifike apha ukuba ngokwenene sinabo "ubungqina" ukuba ama-Irish ayengabantu baseYurophu bokuqala ukuya eMelika. Enye ingcaciso ebonakalayo yombhalo ... kodwa ngaphandle kokwenene.
Ubungqina bokungenzeka - iTim Severin
Umbhali waseBrithani, umbhali nombhali uTim Severin (naye wabhala intambo yokuqhekeka kwizinto ezazisenziwa nguHector Lynch, ezithathwe e-Ireland yiBarbary corsairs) azama ukuphinda enze uhambo lukaBrendan ngobomi bokwenene. Ngomnyaka we-1976 wakha umzobo wesikebhe sikaBrendan kunye nezixhobo zendabuko kuphela, iimitha ezilishumi elinanye ubude, zibanjwe kunye neentambo zesikhumba kwaye zivalwe ngaphandle kwegrisi.
Ukufika elwandle ngo-Meyi 1976, uSeverin kunye nabasebenzi bahamba nabo bahamba "nge-Brendan" ngohambo olungaphezu kwama-7 000 ukusuka eIreland baya eNewfoundland, bagqityiwe nge-stop-over e-Iceland. Ngexesha lokuzonwabisa lohambo lukaBrendan, uSeverin uzame ukuchonga ubunyaniso bokuphila kwimiba "engummangaliso" kwi- immram . Akunabo bonke, kodwa inani elungileyo.
Oku, kunye nenyaniso engacatshulwayo yokuba uSeverin wakwazi ukuhamba ngomkhumbi "i-Brendan" eNyakatho Melika, ikhokelela inkcazo ethile kwi "American Connection" ... nangona akufanele kubonwe njengobungqina. Inqanawa yangempela esetyenziswe ngexesha lohambo lugcinwe kwiMyuziyam yaseCraggaunowen. Ngenkcazo ecacileyo, funda incwadi kaSeverin, i -Brendan Travel .
Kwaye uBrendan ... Waya Kuphi?
Waqhubeka nokuhamba, wasungula iindwendwe ezininzi waza wafa ngo-577, umthendeleko wakhe ugujwa ngoMeyi 16. Ngokuqhelekileyo kucingelwa ukuba wayethandana eChedfert Cathedral.