Umqhele we-Heishi uxabiseke kwaye uqokelelwe
Intsingiselo ecacileyo yegama elithi heishi (hee shee) lithi "igobolondo yomsila." Ivela kulwimi lwaseKeres, oluthethwa ngabantu baseMelika abahlala eKewa, eSanta Domingo Pueblo. Ziyavuma ukuba ziyi-master of this form, creative form eyavela kwifa labo lezentlalo. Njengamanje, kukho abambalwa abenzi bokuvelisa eSan Felipe kwaye mhlawumbi namanye ama-pueblos. Kubonakala ngathi yiyo kuphela iingubo zeNdiya ezivela ngqo kwimbali yaseMelika yaseMelika kunye nenkcubeko ukususela ekubeni ukubetha kwezitye kunye nezakhono zokuphelisa ezisetyenziswe nguNavajo , Zuni , noHopi zivela kwimpembelelo yaseYurophu yabaphengululi baseSpain.
Xa isetyenziswe kakuhle, igama libhekisela kuphela kwiziqwenga zegobolondo ezidibeneyo kunye nomhlaba ube yizintlu eziye zenziwa ukuba zenze i-neck or single-strand necklaces. Nangona kunjalo, ngokusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, igama elithi heishi lithetha neentsimbi ezincinci zenziwe ngezinye izinto zendalo ngendlela efanayo.
Imvelaphi ye-heishi iyathakazelisa kuba ixhamene ngqo neyadlulileyo yangaphambili yabantu baseKewa Pueblo (owayesakuba yiSanto Domingo Pueblo), abantu abanamakhono amaninzi ekusebenzeni kwayo. Ngokomlando, nangona kunjalo, abantu bokuqala ukwenza iincoko zeentloko zakwa - Hohokam behlala kwixesha elineshumi elinesibini leminyaka edlulileyo kwindawo yamhlanje eTucson, eArizona . Bathengisa kwaye baxutywe kunye no- Anasazi , "abahlali beentlanzi," abo amalungu abo akholelwa ukuba yiokhokho baloo mihla abemi basePueblo.
Ukuvela kweheishi njengendlela yobugcisa kubhalwe kuqala ngo-6000 BC
Ekubeni ihamba ngaphambi kokusungulwa kweesinyithi, kukhuselekile ukutsho ukuba oku kufuneka kube yindlela edala kunabo bonke eNew Mexico, mhlawumbi eNorth America.
Ngaba Abaculi Bangayenza Njani Umsebenzi Owuthandekayo Ngokugqithiseleyo?
Xa umntu ehlola umtya we-heishi, okokuqala isenzo sisoloko sisithi, "Kwenzeka njani ukuba umhlaba ube ngumenzi wezobuchule?" Okanye, "Ukuba kungenangqiqo, kufuneka ukuba yenziwe ngokusetyenziswa koomatshini!" Inyaniso kukuba ukuba libonakala ligqibelele ngokungathandabuzekiyo, mhlawumbi lenziwe ngezandla zengcali ekhono kakhulu, isakhono somgulane.
Ukwazi amanyathelo abandakanyekayo ekudalweni kwentambo enhle ye-heishi inokukunceda umntu onokuthenga ukuba ahlule kwaye aqonde umahluko phakathi kwesigqabi esihle sezinto ezenziwe ngezandla kunye nokuxelisa. Sisebenzisa igama elithi "inokwenzeka," kuba kufuneka livunyelwe ukuba ezinye zeentsimbi ezithengiswayo zisoloko zenziwe kakuhle.
Ukukhetha iiRaw Materials
Okokuqala, izinto eziphathekayo kufuneka zikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo. Eyona nto isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo iigobolwandle zaselwandle ezininzi iintlobo. Kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo, iigobolondo ezisetyenziswe ngamaNdiya asePueblo ukwenza iintlobo zifunyenwe ngee-intanethi zorhwebo, ezazisuka kwiGulf of California, yonke indlela eya eMzantsi Melika. Umnquma omnyama okanye iinqununu ze-Olivella zizinto zokuqala, kodwa ngoku ezinye zisetyenziselwa: iigobolondo ezikhanyayo, umama weeparele, igobolondo ye-melon, i-shell shell, ipol shell, i-oysters emfusa, kunye nezihlandlo ezinqabileyo, ezibomvu, ze-orange okanye ze-spiny oyster.
Xa kwakhiwe ngokufanelekileyo kwezi zinto ezinzima kakhulu, u-heishi kufuneka ahlale eminyaka eminyaka. Ukubonakala okujonge ngakumbi kubonakala ngokusebenzisa i-coral okanye amatye afana ne-lapis, i-turquoise, i-jet (lignite), i-pipestone, i-sugilite kunye ne-serpentine ukudala i-neck-style ye-heishi.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, iNew Mexico ayikho ulwandle wonxweme.
I-Kewa ithe yahweba ukususela ekuqaleni kweembali ezibhalwe phantsi, kwaye zenza uhambo lwabo ngeenyawo ukuya kumasayithi apho ezinye iintlanga zineengqungquthela kunye neempahla zokutshintshiselana.
Kwakuyindlela ende yokuhamba nje ukudala umqala! Namhlanje bathenga iigobols (kunye namatye, kwakhona) kwizinto zokugqoka kunye neenkampani zenkampani zeebloksi, okanye kubathengisi abavelela ukubhuka rhoqo. Nangona izinto ezibonakalayo zibonakala zithobekile, zihlala zibiza. I-artisan okwangoku kufuneka ihlawule i-$ 8 ukuya kwi-10 yezigidi ngepiliti yeminquma ye-olives ukuya kumakhulu ama-dollar kwibala eliphezulu.
Ukwenza iAads
Imveliso yamabhontshisi amancinci ingaba yinkqubo enobungozi, mhlawumbi eyenziwe ngakumbi ngokusungulwa kwezixhobo zamatyala ezinje. Izikwere ezincinci zenziwe ngokukhupha iziqwenga zomqhoba ngesandla sandla njengomgcini.
Ukusebenzisa iiflethi ukubamba izikwere ezincinci kunye ne-dremel okanye i-carbide bur, into encinci ifakwe kwiziko lesikwere ngasinye. Ezi zihlanganiswe ngokucoca ngetambo yepayili, kwaye inkqubo enzima yokutshintsha ezi fomu ezingenanto zingena kwiilingi ezigqityiweyo ziqala.
Uluhlu lweentlobo ezinobunzima lufakwe ngokuhambisa umtya ngokuphindaphindiweyo malunga nelitye lokujika okanye isondo lokugaya i-carbide. Njengoko ehambisa umgca ngokubhekiselele kwivili, umenzi wobugcisa uya kulawula ubude kunye nobubanzi beentsimbi ngaphandle kokuhamba kwesandla sakhe! Ngaphandle kokuba kwenziwe ngenyameko, oku kungenza izimbobo zikhulise. Ngeli nqanaba, ubuninzi beentlobo (iigobolondo okanye ilitye) ziya kulahleka, kuba zidibanisa okanye zidibanise kwaye ziphaphaze njengoko umgcini we-grinder ubamba i-flaw okanye i-burr. Xa izixhobo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zisebenza, kunokufuneka ukuba uhlele kwaye usebenze ngokubunzima kwawo. Ngokomzekelo, i-pipestone idjet (i-lignite) ithambile kwaye igugile ngokukhawuleza kunezinto ezinzima ezifana ne- turquoise , shell or lapis.
Ezinye izinto zilukhuni ngakumbi ukusebenza kunezinye. Ngokomzekelo, xa i-turquoise yemvelo iphantsi, malunga ne-60-79% ilahlekile. Oku kungancitshiswa ngandlela-thile ngokufaka i-shape yangaphambili kwisangqa esingaqhelekanga ngaphambi kokugaya. Kwakhona nesizathu sokuthi i-turquoise yemvelo, i-heishi-style necklaces yindleko ezibizayo. Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqha, okwangoku kungenamandla amaninzi, ngokuqhelekileyo yinto ekhethiweyo yinto enobumba kwaye iyamkeleka kumashishini.
Ukuqhawula nokugqitywa kweePray Perfect
Kule ngongoma, umtya weesilinda, amaxesha athile aphunyezwe ngobukhulu. Yilungele ukuqhubela phambili kunye nokugcoba ngesondo lokusondeza ugesi, usebenzisa amaphepha amaninzi asemgangathweni. Ekugqibeleni, iintlobo zihlambulukileyo ngamanzi acacileyo kunye nomoya omile, kwaye ke uya kunikwa ipolish ephakamileyo kunye ne "Zam" (i-wax yezorhwebo), kwi-belt ebhentshini. Ngoku sele belungele ukuhlanjululwa, nokuba yedwa, ngokudibanisa imibala kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, okanye kunye kunye nezinye iintlobo, kwiqonga lezinto ezilungileyo. Le nkqubo enzima ayifundiswanga ezikolweni, kwaye ingafundwa kuphela kwi-Pueblo kumalungu anezakhono zentsapho.
Kutheni u-Heishi Eyona nto iyigugu lokuthenga
I-heishi eyenziwe ngesandla yintengo yemveliso enamandla kunye nexabiso eliphezulu kunye nexabiso elifanelekileyo. Abo bawuthanda ngokwenene le fomu ifomu bakholelwa ukuba ukuxabisa ubuhle kunye neemfuno zazo kufuneka zifumaneke. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqonda inkqubo enzima. Ukuphatha i-heishi kuphela kukuhlonipha ukulula kwayo, amandla akhe afihlakeleyo, kunye nokuziva ukuba ixhunywe kwizithethe ezingapheliyo zabantu abazenzayo. Ukuba uthetha ngenyameko i-strand ngesandla sakho kufuneka uzive njengomqholi owodwa, ocolileyo, onjengeenyoka. Uvakalelo luphantse luvakala.
Oku kungenxa yokuba i-heishi yezinga eliphezulu okanye i-heishi-style necklaces zenziwe kwiintlobo eziye zahlanjululwa ngokucophelela ukuze zisuswe iziqwenga eziphosiweyo okanye eziphosakeleyo ezivela ekusebenziseni ngesandla. Oku akuyinyaniso yeentsimbi ezingaphantsi, apho inkunkuma kufuneka igwenywe khona. Ngaphezu koko, iimveliso zokugqibela ziya kuba nemingxuma ephezulu kakhulu, ngenxa yoko ukuba imicu ivakale kwaye ibonakale ingalingani. Ukunqongophala okungekho nto kuya kubangela ukuba oku kwenzeke.
Ukhuphiswano lwangaphandle kunye neRationale yokuthenga iMative yaseMelika
Hhayi yonke i-heishi eyenziwa kuMlambo uPueblos. Ngama-1970, ubunzima obuveliswe mveliso baqala ukuvela e-Albuquerque, kwi-NM, nakwezinye indawo ekuphenduleni imfuno ekhulayo. Kuyaqhubeka ukungeniswa kumazwe asePacific Rim, kwaye ngelishwa, kuthengiswa bobabini baseMerika basekhaya (kubandakanye nabanye eKewa Pueblo) kunye nabangewona amaNdiya. Nangona kukho izinto ezinokuhlukanisa (umzekelo, umkhiqizo wasePhilippines udla ngokukhawuleza kwaye unamabala amhlophe amaninzi kwiintlobo), kunzima ukuba isohlo lingakhange liqeqeshelwe ukuhlukanisa umxokelelwane wekhontrakthi kwizinto zangempela. Yaye ukuba iintambo zidibaniswe kunye nezifetheni ezingeniswe ngaphakathi okanye ezinye izibhengezo zokubhena, umgca we-necklace ungabonwa ngokuthi "isandla esenziwe." Kakade, akuyiyo inqaku eliyinyani. Intsimbi ye heishe yintlanzi ezisa ubomi bokuzonwabisa kunye nokuzingca kumnini.
Isiqinisekiso esingcono kunazo zonke umthengi analo sokufumana isiqwenga esiyimfihlo kukuthenga kuphela kumthengisi owaziwayo, owaziyo, kwaye ucele ukuqinisekiswa ngokubhaliweyo ngokuchaza umculi, ubuhlanga kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo.
Ulwazi kunye nenqaku elinikezwa nguMbutho woBugcisa bobuGcisa bamaNdiya. Ishicilelwe ngemvume.