01 ngo-11
Mission Santa Cruz
Imisebenzi yaseSanta Cruz yayishumi elinesibini eyakhiwe eCalifornia, eyasungulwa ngoSeptemba 25, 1791, nguBawo Fermin Lasuen . Igama elithi Mission Santa Cruz lithetha i-Holy Cross Mission.
Amazwi anomdla malunga neSanta Santa Cruz
Isithunywa seSanta Cruz saziwa ngokuba "yintsebenzo enzima." Namhlanje, unomzekelo kuphela wendawo yokuhlala yaseNdiya eCalifornia.
Kuphi iMission Santa Cruz?
Isonto laseSanta Cruz lisondele kufuphi 126 High Street (leyo idilesi yesonto langoku). Unokufumana idilesi, iiyure kunye nezikhokelo kwiWebhsayithi yeSanta Santa Cruz.
Ekufuphi kwecawa yakudala ye-mission kuyisistim ye-Santa Cruz Historic Park kwi-144 School Street. Bahlala kuphela kwiindawo ze-neophyte zaseNdiya ezihlala kwilizwe laseCalifornia. Unokufumana ulwazi malunga nokutyelela kwiWebhu yeeNgcaciso zeHlabathi.
02 we-11
Inkonzo yaseSanta Cruz Ingaphakathi
Inkonzo yesonto abaye bayityelela namhlanje kukuvelisa, malunga nesiqingatha sobukhulu bendalo.
03 we-11
Umvangeli waseSanta Cruz Emva kunye neChoir Loft
I-choir loft ecaweni yezobuvangeli isemva, ebonakalayo kwixesha.
04 we-11
Imisebenzi yaseSanta Cruz yeZakhiwo zangaphambili
Esi sisakhiwo esisodwa esishiyelwe sisuka kwi-Mission Santa Cruz yasekuqaleni, ngoku ikhona epakini yembali yelizwe. Kungekudala emva kokuvalwa komsebenzi, yaba yinxalenye yendawo yokuhlala yangasese kwaye yagqitywa kunye nophahla, okwakusindiswa ngetekisi esekelwe kwidaka ekudakeni kwimvula.
05 we-11
Imisebenzi yaseSanta Cruz yaseNdiya yokulala
Esi sibhedlele siyingxenye yodwa yokuhlala kwindawo yokuhlala yaseNdiya evela kwixesha lokumisa iCalifornia.
06 ngo-11
Isithunywa seSanta Cruz Indian Quarters
Oku kunika ingcamango yendlela umndeni waseNdiya owawuhlala ngayo kwimishini yaseSpain eCalifornia.
07 we-11
Imbali yeSanta Cruz Mission kunye ne-Branciforte: 1769-1799
Ngomnyaka ka-1774, uBawo Palou wakhetha indawo yokumema kufuphi nomlambo ogeleza ukuya elwandle. Ngo-Agasti 28, 1791, uBawo Fermin Lasuen wakhulisa umnqamlezo apho iSanta Cruz Mission yayiza kwakhiwa khona.
NgoSeptemba 25 waloo nyaka, uBawo uSalazar kunye noLolez babenomkhosi wokuseka.
Iminyaka yokuqala yeSanta Cruz Mission History
Imisebenzi ekhulile ithumele izipho ukuqala entsha. Izakhiwo zakhiwe, kwaye amaNdiya akhula. Kwiinyanga ezintathu, kwakune 87 neophytes .
Inkonzo yaseSanta Cruz yenza kakuhle kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala. Emva kokukhukula, ootata bafudukela kwinqanaba ukuya endaweni engapheliyo, kwaye amaNdiya amaninzi afika.
Ngomnyaka we-1796, iSanta Cruz Mission yavelisa i-1,200 bushels yeengqolowa, i-600 bushels ye-ngqolowa kunye ne-6 ibhasi yeembotyi. Batshala iidiliya, baphakamisa iinkomo neegusha. Ipropati yabo ivela kwi-Ano Nuevo ngasentla ukuya kuMlambo wasePaaro. Abasebenzi bomdabu benza iingubo, isikhumba, izitena ze- adobe kunye neetreyile, kwaye basebenze njengabenzi bamnyama.
AmaNdiya aseAsia afika eSanta Cruz Mission ukuba asebenze aye ecaweni, kodwa abaninzi babo bahlala kwiidolophana ezikufutshane. Ngo-1796, kwakukho ama-neophyte ama-500.
I-Santa Cruz Mission History kunye ne-Branciforte
Ngenxa yokuba iingxaki zafika xa ukuthunyelwa kweentlanganiso kwakusondelene nabahlali, ababawo baseFrancis bathi kukho ubuncinane ubunzima beekhilomitha ezintathu phakathi kwemishini kunye nedolophu. E-Santa Cruz, iRhuluneli uBorica yawagxotha. Ngo-1797, waqala i-pueblo (idolophini) ngaphesheya komlambo wayiqamba ngokuthi i-Villa de Branciforte.
Abanye abantu bathi i-Branciforte yiyona nto yokuqala yophuhliso lwezindlu zangaphandle eCalifornia. UBorica wabuza uViceroy eMexico ukuba athumele abakoloni. Wabathembisa iingubo, izixhobo zasefama kunye nefenitshala, indlu efanelekileyo, emhlophe, i-US $ 116 ngonyaka iminyaka emibili kunye ne-66 zamawaka ngonyaka kwiminyaka emithathu ezayo emva koko.
Uluntu lubekwe kwinqanaba, kwaye indawo yokulima ihlukaniswe ngamacandelo kumhlali ngamnye. UBorica wayefuna i-Branciforte ukuba ibe njengeLatin America, apho iintlanga zidibanise ngokuphumelelayo kwaye izindlu zabekelwe bucala kwiinduna zaseIndiya. Isicwangciso sasebenza eMexico kodwa saye sahluleka ukuphumelela eCalifornia.
Abahlali ababeza bezobugebengu abangafuni ukuqhuba ifama. Baye izinto baze bazama ukuhlawula amaNdiya ukuba bashiye umsebenzi. Umncedisi kaBorica wabhala ileta ethi ukuba abahlali babezigidi ezimbalwa ezide ukusuka kude, kuya kuba kuhle kuloo ndawo.
I-Neophytes yaqala ukusuka eSanta Cruz Mission. Abemi bahamba ukusuka ku-500 ngo-1796 ukuya ku-300 kwiminyaka emibini kamva. UBawo uLasuen wayekhalaza, kodwa uGurane wathi nje ukuba kwakunabantu abambalwa bamaNdiya, ngoko-ke iSanta Cruz Mission yayidinga umhlaba ongaphantsi.
Ngomnyaka we-1799, imvula yamvula yonakalisa icawa, kwaye yafuneka ivuselelwe kwakhona.
08 we-11
Imbali yeSithunywa seSanta Cruz: 1800 ukuya kwiSuku lwangoku
I-Santa Cruz Mission History 1800-1820
Abahlali babengenakuchasana nezifo zaseYurophu ezifana nesisisi, imfiva ebomvu kunye nomkhuhlane. Ababingeleli bazama ukufunda iincwadi zonyango baze bancede xa begula, kodwa abazange baphumelele. Kwafa amawaka amaNdiya, abanye baleka.
AmaNdiya ahamba ngendlela ngenxa yokugula kodwa nangenxa yemithetho eqinileyo kunye nezohlwayo ezinzima. Batshitshiswa ngenxa yokusebenza ngokukhawuleza okanye ukufaka iingubo ezingcolileyo ecaweni. Xa bebaleka, bajeziswa ngenxa yoko, nabo.
Abanye ababingeleli babekhohlakele ngakumbi. Ngo-1812, u-Andres Andres Quintana wayenamadoda amabini ahlatywe ngesibhubhe esineentambo. Ngenxa yobundlobongela, amaNdiya athukutheleyo amthumba uYise Quintana aze ambulale, ityala elenza ukuba i-autopsy yaseCalifornia kuqala.
Ngo-1818, i-pirate egama linguHippolyte de Bouchard yahlasela iMereerey Presidio ngasezantsi yeSanta Cruz. OoBawo namaNdiya bahamba bangena kwilizwe eliya kwi-mission. UBawo Olbes wacela abahlali ukuba baphathe impahla yabo, kodwa wayesazi kakuhle. Emva kokuba amaqhinga aye athathe oko ayekufuna, abahlali babiba abanye. UBawo Olbes wayecaphukile kangangokuba wayefuna ukushiya indawo, kodwa uYise uLasuen akazange amvumele.
Imbali yeSanta Cruz Imbali kwi-1820s-1830s
Abantu basekuhlaleni bahlala bebancinci, kwaye abahlali be-Branciforte baqhubeka bebangela ingxaki. Iirekhodi ezivela ngo-1831 zithi ama-mission azinkulungwane zeenkomo neegusha kwaye zivelise izifihla kunye ne-tallow, kodwa ayizange iphinde ibuyele kwimpumelelo yayo yangaphambili. Ngo-1831, kwasala i-neophyte engama-300 kuphela.
Ukwahlula
UMexico wazuza ukuzimela kwiSpeyin ngo-1821, kodwa ayinakukwazi ukugcina ukuqhutyelwa kwemisebenzi. Ngowe-1834, banquma ukuvalela baze bathengise umhlaba. Umvangeli waseSanta Cruz wayengomnye wabokuqala oza kukhishwa. AmaMexico awanikezela ilizwe abantu, kodwa abazange bafune okanye bangakwazi ukuhlawula. Umhlaba wahlukana kwaye wathengiswa kwabemi baseMexico. Ngo-1845, abantu abangama-400 eSanta Cruz, kuphela ama-100 kuphela ama-Indiya.
Kwiminyaka embalwa elandelayo, izakhiwo zecawa zahlukana. Inyikima ngowe-1840 yakhupha intsimbi yentsimbi kwaye enye inyikima e-1857 yabhubhisa icawa. Abantu babethwala iiplanga kunye neetyile ngaphandle kwezinye izinto, kwaye akukho mkhondo wecawa yokuqala. Izakhiwo ezingama-35 ze-adobe entabeni zaba yinxalenye yedolophu.
Ngo-1863, uAbraham Lincoln wabuyela emazweni kwiCawa yamaKatolika, kodwa kwakungenalutho elincinane leMission Santa Cruz. Yisiphi into encinane esele isetyenziselwe ukuthengiswa, kodwa akukho mntu uyayithenga. Ngomnyaka we-1889 icawa yesikitini e-white-colored, eyakhiwa kwindawo ye-mission.
Imbali yeSanta Cruz kwiNkulungwane yama-20
Ngomnyaka we-1930, intsapho ecebile yaqala ukwakha isalathisi esipheleleyo kufuphi nesiza sokuqala, kodwa ilahlekelwe yimali kwi-market market crash kwaye yayingakhela into ethile kwisiqingatha sobukhulu bendalo.
Isakhiwo esisodwa sokuqala esisele esasetyenziselwa ukususela kwindlu yokuhlala yaseNdiya, eyakhiwa ngo-1824.
09 we-11
Isakhiwo seSanta Cruz, iSicwangciso soMgangatho, izakhiwo kunye nezizathu
Icawa yokuqala yeSanta Cruz yakhiwa ngo-1793-1794.
Kwakuyiikubhite ezili-112 ubude, ubude buyiikubhite ezingama-29 kunye neekhilomitha ezingama-25 eziphakamileyo, zineendonga ezintlanu ububanzi. Uphahla lokuqala lubekwe, kodwa uphahla lwama-tile lwongezwa ngo-1811. Lona liyinkokheli enkulu yeemishini iminyaka engama-65. Ezinye izakhiwo zakhiwa ngekratshi, kubandakanywa igumbi lokugaya kunye negranari, kwaye kwakhiwa ilitye lokusanhlamvu ngo-1796.
10 we-11
Isakhiwo seSanta Cruz
Ukuba uthelekisa lo mfanekiso kunye nantoni na namhlanje, umsebenzi wokuqala wawukho apho icawa enkulu, yangoku ikhoyo ngoku. Umqolo we-Indian quarters kwipaki yomlando welizwe usekufutshane nekhohlo esezantsi kwalomfanekiso.
11 kweye-11
Isithunywa seSanta Cruz Cattle Brand
Umsebenzi waseSanta Cruz umfanekiso ongentla ukhankanya inkomo yakhe. Kwathathwa kwiisampuli ekuboniseni eMission San Francisco Solano kunye neMission San Antonio. Enye yeempawu ezininzi zeemishini ezibandakanya ileta "A" ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa asikwazanga ukufumana imvelaphi yayo.