I-Virus Zika kunye neNtsholongwane yokuzalwa
Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo akhuphe isilumkiso seNqanaba lesi-2 ("UkuSebenza ngokuQinisekisa okuQinisekisiweyo") ukuhamba ukuya eBrazil kunye namanye amazwe aseMzantsi Melika naseMntla yaseMerika kule veki. Isilumkiso silumkisa abasetyhini abakhulelweyo malunga nokuhamba ukuya eBrazil nakwezinye iindawo apho igciwane lesatshatyalaliswa khona, ngenxa yemiphumo engalindelekanga nefuthe engalindelekanga intsholongwane ebenayo kwiintsana ezingakazalwa nokuzalwa eBrazil (jonga ngezantsi).
Iyintoni intsholongwane kaZika?
I-virus yeZika yafunyanwa kuqala kwiinkwenkwe zase-Uganda kuma-1940. Kubizwa ngokuba yihlathi apho lafunyanwa khona kuqala. Intsholongwane ayiqhelekanga e-Afrika nakwi-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia, kodwa isasazeka kakhulu eBrazil njengasekupheleni kwexesha, mhlawumbi ngenxa yendlela yokunyuka eya eBrazil kwiNdebe yeHlabathi yeNdebe yeFIFA ye-2014 kunye namalungiselelo eOlimpiki yakutshanje. Intsholongwane isasazeka kubantu ngokusebenzisa inyosi ye- Aedes aegypti , uhlobo olufanayo lwemiyane ephethe i-yellow fever ne-dengue. Intsholongwane ayikwazi ukuhanjiswa kumntu kumntu ngqo.
Ziziphi iimpawu zeZika?
Kuze kube ngoku, i-Zika ayizange ibangele i-alamu kuba iimpawu zeZika zisoloko zincinci. Intsholongwane ibangela iimpawu ezinobulunga iintsuku eziliqela kwaye ingabonwa njengosongelo lobomi. Iimpawu ziquka ukuqhaqhazela obomvu, umkhuhlane, intloko elula, intlungu edibeneyo, kunye ne-conjunctivitis (iso lesipinki). Intsholongwane iphathwa ngokunyanga kunye nokuphumla.
Enyanisweni, abantu abaninzi abaneZika ababonisi iimpawu; ngokutsho kweCDC, kuphela omnye kubantu abahlanu abaneZika baza kugula.
UZika unokuthintelwa njani?
Abo bagula ngeZika kufuneka baphephe ummiyane kangangoko kunokwenzeka iintsuku eziliqela ukukhusela eso sifo ukusasazeka kwabanye. Indlela efanelekileyo yokuphepha i-Zika kukuba usebenzise iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela umlingo: gqoka iimpahla ezinde; sebenzisa i-repetent ye-insecte esebenzayo equlethe i-DEET, ioli ye-lemon eucalyptus, okanye i-Picardin; kuhlala kwiindawo ezinesimo somoya kunye / okanye izikrini; kwaye ugweme ukuhlala ngaphandle kwantambama okanye kusasa, xa lolu hlobo lwenkoyi lusebenza ngokukodwa.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba u-Aedes aegypti umlenze usebenza emini, kungekhona ebusuku. Akukho sitofu sokukhusela iZika.
Kutheni abafazi abakhulelweyo becebisa ukuba bangahambi eBrazil?
I-CDC yamemezela isilumkiso sokuhamba kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, bacebisa ukuba badibane noogqirha babo kwaye babalekele ukuya eBrazil nakwamanye amazwe apho iZika isasaze khona eLatin America. Esi silumkiso silandela i-spike engalindelekanga kwiintsana ezizalwe nge-microcephaly, i-defective defect ebangela ubuncinci-kunoko-evamile, eBrazil. Imiphumo yemo ihluka ngoxinzelelo lwe-microcephaly kwintsana nganye kodwa ingaquka ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, ukutshatyalaliswa, ukuvalelwa kunye nokulahleka kombono, kunye nokungaphumeleli kwemoto.
Ukuxhamla ngokukhawuleza phakathi kweZika kunye ne-microcephaly ayinakuqondwa ngokupheleleyo. Oku kubonakala ngathi yintsholongwane entsha yesifo sengculaza mhlawumbi umphumo wabasetyhini abanesifo sengqungquthela kwisithuba esithile ngaphambi kokusulelwa nguZika. IBrazil nayo yayine-bhubhane yedengue ngo-2015.
Kukho iimeko ezingaphezu kwama-3500 ze-microcephaly eBrazil ezinyangeni zakutshanje. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, kukho amacala angama-150 e-microcephaly eBrazil ngonyaka.
Akucaci ukuba le nkqubela kunye nezilumkiso ezihambelanayo zingathinta njani ukuhamba ukuya eBrazil kwiimidlalo ze-Olimpiki ze-Olimpiki kunye neParmaMic e- Rio de Janeiro .