Isiqithi Esikhulu saseHawaii senziwa ngokutsha ngentshukumo ye-volcanic. Kukho imitha-mlilo ehlukeneyo emihlanu ekhoyo, ebudlulileyo kwiminyaka eyi-miliyari-okanye-eyadlulileyo, idibeneyo ukwenza i siqithi. Kule mihlanu yintaba-mlilo, enye ithathwa njengeyaphela kwaye ishintsho phakathi kwesikhundla sayo sekhusi kunye nesigaba sokukhukhula; enye ithathwa njengesiqhelo; kwaye iintaba zintathu eziseleyo zikwahlukileyo.
Hualalai
I-Hualalai, ecaleni lasentshonalanga yeSiqithi esikhulu saseHawaii, yintlahlela yesithathu esona esona sincinci kunye nesithathu esasebenza kakhulu kwisiqithi.
I-1700 yaba yiminyaka emininzi yezinto eziqhutywe ngentshonalanga kunye neentsimbi ezi-6 ezahlukileyo eziqhuma i-lava, ezimbini zazo ezivelisa ukuqhuma kwemilambo eya kufikelela elwandle. Isikhumulo sezindiza saseKona sakhiwa ngaphaya kwezona zimbini.
Nangona kwakhiwa kakhulu amashishini, amakhaya, kunye neendlela ezisezantsi zeHualalai, kulindeleke ukuba i-volcano iya kuphinda iqhubeke kwiminyaka eyi-100 ezayo.
ILauea
Emva kokukholelwa ukuba yi-offshoot yommelwane walo omkhulu, uMauna Loa, izazinzulu ngoku ziye zagqiba ukuba i-Kilauea inene i-volcano ehlukeneyo kunye nenkqubo yayo yokucima amanzi, iphakama emanzini ukusuka ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezili-60 ehlabathini.
I-Volcano yaseCalauea , ecaleni langasentla-mpuma yeSiqithi esikhulu, yenye yeyona nto iyasebenza kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukuqhuma kwayo kwangoku (okubizwa ngokuba yiPu'u'O'o-Kupaianaha ukuqhuma) kwaqala ngoJan 1983 kwaye kuyaqhubeka nanamhla. Ngethuba le mpuphu ngaphezu kwamahektare angama-500 kuye kwongezwa kwisiqithi sase-Big Island.
Ngethuba lokuqhuma, i-lava flows yonakalise ithempile eyaziwayo yase-Hawaii eneminyaka engu-700 ubudala, i-Waha'ula heiau), ijikeleza izindlu ezininzi kuquka ukuhlukaniswa kwezindlu ezibizwa ngokuba yiiRoy Gard Gardens, zitshintshiselwe imigudu emininzi, kwaye zatshatyalalisa i-National Park endala. Iziko leZiko.
Akukho zibonakaliso zokuthi ukuqhuma kwangoku kuza kupheliswa nanini na ngokukhawuleza.
Kohala
I-Kohala Volcano yiyona endala kunazo zonke ezinqabileyo ze-volcano ezenza isiqithi esikhulu saseHawaii, siphume elwandle ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-500,000 edlulileyo. Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-200,000 edlulileyo kukholwa ukuba ihlabathi elininzi likhupha i-volcano yomntla-ntshona-ntshona eyenza iindawo ezinqabileyo zolwandle eziphawula le nxalenye yesiqithi. Ukuphakama kwendibano kuncitshiswe ixesha elide ngamamitha angaphezu kwe-1,000.
Ngaphezulu kweenkulungwane, uKohala uye waqhubeka nokucima kunye nokuhamba kwelava ukusuka kubamelwane bawo abakhulu kakhulu, uMauna Kea noMauna Loa bangcwatye inxalenye engasentla ye-volcano. I-Kohala namhlanje ithathwa njenge-volcano ephela.
Mauna Kea
I-Mauna Kea, eyenziwa ngesiHawaii ithetha "iNtaba eNtshonalanga", iyintaba enkulu kunazo zonke zeentaba zeHawaii kwaye ngokwenene intaba ende kunazo zonke ehlabathini xa zilinganiswa ukusuka kumgangatho wolwandle ukuya kwintlanganiso yayo. Yayifumene igama layo, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, kuba iqela libonwa rhoqo kwisiqithi nakwiindawo ezikude. Ikhephu ngezinye iinkhathi lifikelela ezinyaweni ezininzi.
Ingqungquthela yaseMauna Kea iyikhaya leemiboniso ezininzi. Kuqwalaselwa njengenye yeendawo ezifanelekileyo ukujonga amazulu ephasini lomhlaba. Iinkampani ezininzi zokutyelela zinika iindwendwe zangokuhlwa ukuya kwi-summit yaseMauna Kea ukujonga ilanga lize lijonge iinkwenkwezi.
Iziko le-Onizuka le-International Astronomy, elisekufuphi kwintlanganiso, yindawo enhle kakhulu yokufunda ngokubanzi ngembali yentaba kunye nomsebenzi owenziwe ngamagcisa.
I-Mauna Kea ikwahlula njenge-volcano elambileyo, ekugqibeleni idlulile malunga neminyaka engama-4 500 edlulileyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-Mauna Kea isenokwenzeka ukuba iphinde iphinde iqhume ngomhla. Ixesha eliphakathi kokukhuphuka kweMauna Kea lide lifaniswa nelokukhuphuka kweemvula.
Mauna Loa
I-Mauna Loa ngowona wesibini unentshonalanga kunye neyesibini kwi-Big Island. Kwakhona lukhulu lomthala-mlilo ebusweni bomhlaba. Ukwandisa kumntla-ntshona-ntshona kufuphi neWaikoloa , kuyo yonke indawo esezantsi-ntshona-ntshona yesiqithi kwaye ngasempumalanga kufuphi neHilo, iMauna Loa ihlala yingozi-mlilo ekhuselekayo ekwazi ukuqhuma kwiindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.
Ngokomlando, i-Mauna Loa iye yaqhuma ubuncinane kanye emva kweyhumi leminyaka yembali yeHawaii.
Nangona kunjalo, ukususela ngo-1949 kuye kwanciphisa ijubane layo ngokuqhuma ngo-1950, 1975 no-1984. Oososayensi nabahlali be-Big Island bajonge rhoqo i-Mauna Loa ngokulindela ukuqhuma kwayo.