Imbali yaseSonoma yaseNkulumeni yaseMandulo - Izizwe eziMveli eziya kwi-Bear Flag Revolt
Izizwe
Sithetha kakhulu ngeLizwe lewayini kunye "nobomi obuhle." Kodwa, abemi bokuqala baseSonoma County, abantu basePomo, Miwok kunye nezizwe zasePappo , babonakala bezona ezaziyazi indlela yokuphila. Uninzi lweengxelo zembali zibaluchaza njengentlalo enokuthula. Ukusinda kwakungekho nzima kakhulu kuzo zonke iziqhamo ezininzi kunye neentlanzi kunye nezilwanyana zasendle kunye nemvula ebusika. Ngaphezu koko, emva koko, babengenayo imali yokuboleka imali.
Ngoko, baphela ixesha elininzi lokukhulula ukwenza zonke ezo zinto abantu banqwenela ukuba bayenze ukuba bafumana ixesha elingaphezulu. Bangakwazi ukuxhoma kunye nosapho kunye nabahlobo, bacule kwaye badonse, bavumelane ngokomoya, banandipha ubomi bemvelo, baze badale ubugcisa.
Ngokomzekelo, amaNdiya asePomo enza iindidi ezininzi kwiimfuno ezininzi. Kodwa, nabo babe nexesha lokunyusa iitalente zabo nokwenza iibhasikiti ezazingasebenzi kuphela kodwa ubugcisa kunye nobuhle. Enyanisweni, iibhasikiti zePomo ziphakathi kwezona zinto zixabisekileyo, ukuba ayilona lixabiso, kwihlabathi. Ezinye zeengqokelela ezinkulu zifumaneka kwi-Smithsonian naseKremlin. Kukho into enhle kwi-Jesse Peter Museum kwi-College yaseSanta Rosa Junior. Kwaye i-Mendocino County Museum e-Willits izakha ezinye iibhasikithi ngu-Elsie Allen. U-Allen wayengumfundisi owaziwayo wasePomo waseNdiya, umgqugquzeli we-activist kunye ne-basketwork weaver ababehlala kwi-Sonoma County ekuqaleni kwe-1900.
U-Elsie Allen High School e-ntshona-ntshona yeSanta Rosa ubizwa ngegama lakhe.
Abokuqala base-European Settlers
Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba uSir Frances Drake, wokuqala umNgesi ukuhamba ngehlabathi, wafika eBodega Bay eCampbell Cove ngowe-1577, ngexesha lohambo oludumile. (Phantse iminyaka engama-50 ngaphambi kokuba, uFerdinand Magellan wasePortugal wayengumntu wokuqala kwimbali eyaziwayo ukujikeleza ihlabathi.) Kodwa, ngoku, akukho mntu uyazi ngokuqinisekileyo apho afike khona, kwaye yinto enokuphikisana nayo njengezixeko ezihla unxweme udla ubomi.
Oko siyaziyo kukuba ukuhlala kokuqala okusisigxina kwiNongoma yaseSonoma ngabantu abangewona amazwe kwakungekho eyakhiwa yiNgesi kwaye yayingakhiwa yiSpeyin. Yakhelwe ngamaRashiya.
Amathambo amaninzi aseRashiya aye eAlaska ukuba abulale ama-otters ngoboya bawo obalulekileyo. Njengoko inani labantu belihamba, ama-trappers aqhubela phambili emzantsi. Ngomnyaka we-1812 iqela lawo lafika eBodega Bay laza lasekela indawo yokuhlala ukusuka ngasentla ukusuka apho. Baqamba igama elithi "Ross," igama elidala elithi "iRashiya." (I-Fort Ross ngoku i-California State Park.)
AbaseSpeyin, abazange bavuyiswe ngale nto. Baye bakhuphuka bevela eMexico kunye neNxweme yaseCalifornia kunye nokubamba indawo yeSpain. I-Fort Fort yaseRussia yababakhuthaza ukuba baphuthuke ngaphaya kweSan Francisco baze bazakhele iMishini emitsha ngasentla baze bathathe intsimi phambi kokuba nabani na abanye bangene kuyo. UBawo Jose Altimira, umbingeleli omncinane onobugovu eMission San Francisco, wacinga ukuba wayeyindoda yenze.
U-Altimira waya ngasenyakatho waza wahlola indawo enkulu kwiiplati zasePetaluma, eSuunun naseNapa. Ekugqibeleni wanyula iNtaba yaseSonoma njengendawo efanelekileyo yokuhlala. Umsebenzi waseFrancoco Solano, owaziwa ngokuba yiS Sonoma Mission, wakhiwa kuyo yayiya kuba yidolophu yaseSonoma.
Ngelo xesha, iMexico yayivele ivakalise ukuzimela kwayo kwiSpain, kwaye emva kwangoko, urhulumente waseMexico wenza isigqibo sokuphelisa inkqubo ye-mission ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko umsebenzi kwiSonoma ngowokugqibela kunye nenyakatho esakhiweyo, kwaye yedwa eyakhiwa phantsi kolawulo lwaseMexico. Ukuba ukhangele imephu ungabona indlela impembelelo yaseSpain / yaseMexican eyehla ngayo ngqo apho kwakhiwa khona umyalelo wokugqibela. Njengoko uhamba ngasenyakatho uphawule iNxweme yaseCalifornia, uza kubona iidolophu ezininzi ngamagama aqala ngeSan naseSanta, eLos naseLas. ISanta Rosa ngowokugqibela.
Nangona i-Sonoma Mission yayakhiwe ukutshabalalisa iikholoni ngabanye, ngokukodwa amaRashiya, amaRussia ayengabonakali. Enyanisweni, abantu baseFort Ross ababonanga kuphela ukunikezelwa kwecawa yecawa, kodwa bazisa kunye neengubo zealtare, izibane kunye neentsimbi.
I-mission yakhula, kodwa ngo-1830 uRhulumente waseMexico wenza isigqibo sokusula inkqubo ye-mission. U-General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo oneminyaka engama-27 wathunyelwa kuSonoma ngo-1835 ukujongana nokuqulunqwa kweSomona Mission. Kwakhona wanikwa imiyalelo yokulungisa indawo ukuba iqinisekise ibango laseMexico kwaye ingavumeli amaRashiya ukuba aqhubeke.
Jikelele Vallejo
UVallejo usemsebenzini wokulungisa umhlaba. Wathabatha iihektare ezingama-66 000 ePetaluma waza wavelisa i-ranch apho. I-Petaluma Adobe ngoku i-State Historic Park. Njengoko i-Sonoma ne-San Rafael Missions yachithwa, ininzi yemfuyo kunye nabasebenzi abaninzi baseNdiya babanjwe yimifuno kaVallejo.Eminye indawo yomhlaba yayibangelwa abanye, ininzi yabo kwintsapho eyayihlala eVallejo.
Uninazala, uDona Maria Carrillo, wathatha umhlaba kunye neCrazil Rosa, waza wakha uCarrillo Adobe, ikhaya lokuqala laseYurophu eStown Rosa Valley. Isikolo esiPhakamileyo saseMaria Carrillo, esenyakatho-mpuma yeSanta Rosa ubizwa ngegama lakhe.
UCaptain John Rogers Cooper utshatile udadewabo kaVallejo u-Encarnacion waza wathatha u-El Molino Rancho obizwa ngokuba yi-Forestville namhlanje. URogers wakha i-sawmill yokuqala yamandla apho, ngoko ke igama elithi "Molino" elithetha "umtshini" ngesiSpanish. (Isikolo esiphakeme e-Forestville sithiwa ngu-El Molino.)
UCaptain Henry Fitche, owatshata nomnye oodadewabo bakaVallejo, ufumana isibonelelo seSotoyome, ngoku seHealdsburg. UFitche wachithe ixesha elide eSan Diego, ngoko wathumela uKoresi Alexander ukuba ahlakulele i-rancho, amthembise amahektare ayi-10 000. UAlexandria wathabatha ilizwe eli li-Alexander Valley njengentlawulo yakhe.
Ininzi yomhlaba inikwe abantu abangaphandle kwentsapho, ngokunjalo.
Kwaye uVallejo waphuma waya ekukhohliseni abantu base-Anglo basolwandle ukuhlakulela iifama ezikufutshane neRussia fort ukuze kugcinwe amaRashiya.
Kwakhona, amaRashiya awazange abonakale ephazamisekile nayiphi na le nto. Le mihla, i-Fort Ross ilawulwa yiParitz Park, kwaye ibambe iSuku leLifa leLifa leMveli.
Ngebudeni bembhiyozo, uMbutho we-Fort Ross Otolikayo usetyenziselwa ukulungiselela ukuhlaziya komhla ngo-1836. Kwi-skit, amagosa aseMexico avela kwi-Sonoma avela kwi-Fort kwaye ayala ukuba amaRussia ahambe. Njengomboniso wamandla, amaRashiya abasazixhobo zabo. Emva koko bamema abaseMexico ukuba bangene kwiqela.
Kodwa, abamelwane abanomdla kufuneka bahambe ngokukhawuleza emva koko. Baye babulala abantu base-otter ukuya ekupheleni kwelokuphela kwaye babuyela eRashiya. Abaninzi bamadoda babuyisela abafazi baseNative American nabantwana. (Kwaye baphinde babuyisele iibhasiki zePomo, nto ichaza ukuba kutheni i-Kremlin ineqoqo elihle kangaka.)
URhulumente waseMexico akazange abe nexesha elaneleyo lokukhupha isihluthulelo sokuba amaRashiya ayedlulile ngaphambi kokusongela kwintshona yaseNorthern California: Amaphayona aseMerika.
I-Bear Flag Revolt
Abahlali baseMerika, abaphefumlelwe ngamabali eparadesi ilizwe laseCalifornia, bawela phezu kweSierras naseSonoma. I- Donner Party engamhlonelayo yayinye iqela loovulindlela. Amabini amantombazana amshiywe yinkwenkwe yeso sihlandlo esiyingozi, wagcina ahlala kunye nosapho eSonoma. Omnye wamantombazana, u-Eliza Donner wagqibela ekubhaliseni "Ukuhamba kweqela le-Donner kunye nesifo esibi," esiqulethwe kwincwadi ethi California As Iyabona: Imbali yokuqala yoBantu baseCalifornia, 1849-1900. yeakhawunti yakhe inokufumaneka apha.Njengoko abahlali abaninzi beza kuthunyelwa kuloo ndawo, ukuxhatyana kwanda phakathi kwabasandul 'ukuqala kunye namaCalinios abavakalelwa kukuba umhlaba wabo uphela. UVallejo wabhala: "Ukufuduka kwabantu baseNorth America ukuya eCalifornia namhlanje kwakha umzila ongenakugqithiswa kweenqwelo ... ukwethusa."
Kwakukho amahemuhemu ukuba iMexico iya kuxosha amaMerika. Kwaye ehlobo le-1846, kwakusasazwa elinye iindumiso malunga nommandla waseMexico owayalela amaMerika eCalifornia. Ngeli xesha, iqela le-ragtag labahlali liye laya kwi-Sonoma ukuze lijongene neGeneral Vallejo.
Bazungeze indlu yakhe yaseSonoma kunye nomphathi weqela elingenakuphanga, uHezekiya Merritt, wangena ngaphakathi ukuze akhulume ngokwemiqathango. Emva kweeyure eziliqela, uMerritt akazange aphume. Ngoko, enye indoda evela kwiqela yangena ukuze iphande. Akazange aphume. Ekugqibeleni, indoda egama linguWilliam Ide yangena ukuze ibone oko kwenzekayo. Kamva wabhala: "Wahlala uMerrit - intloko yakhe yawa ... kwaye yahlala entsha eyenza uKaputeni abe yisidenge njengesihlalo ahlala kuyo.
Ibhotile yayisondele ngokutshabalalisa abathumba. "Kubonakala ngathi uGeneral Vallejo, uhlala ephethe kakuhle, wayenomusa ngokwaneleyo ukunika i-brandy kubani ababeza kubabamba.
Iindwendwe zazingekho njengobungenisa izihambi. Elinye iqela lamthumba uVallejo kunye namalungu amaninzi osapho lwakhe waza wawayisa eSacramento, apho bahlala khona egcinwe iintsuku eziliqela.
Okwangoku, iqela loovulindlela lavakalisa i-republic republic. Kwaye badala iflegi ngamagama athi "iRiphabhlikhi yaseRiphabliki" kunye nomfanekiso webheri ye-grizzly. Abanye bababoni bathi bekukhangeleka njengengulube. Kubonakala ngathi i-Bear Flag yenziwa ngumntakwabo kaMary Todd Lincoln, umfazi kaMongameli uLincoln.
Uvulindlela uJohn Bidwell, owakhumbula iziganeko ezininzi ezijikeleze "i-Bear Flag Revolt," wabhala:
"Phakathi kwamadoda awayebamba uSonoma kwakunguWilliam B. Ide, owayecinga ukuba ulawula ... Enye indoda eyashiya ku-Sonoma yayinguWilliam L. Todd owayesigqityiweyo, kwisiqwenga sobhonondi obomdaka, kwiredi kunye nesiqingatha okanye ubude, kunye nopende obomvu obomvu okanye obomvu ayenzekayo, ukuba wayefuna ukubonakalisa ibhere le-grizzly. Oku kwaphakanyiselwa phezulu kwabaqeshwa, ezinye iinyawo ezingamashumi asixhenxe ukusuka emhlabathini. Abantu baseCalifornia abakhangela phezulu bevakala kuthiwa 'Coche,' igama eliqhelekileyo phakathi kwabo ngeengulube okanye ngokukhwaza. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu emva koko ndadibana noT Todd kwisitimela esiza eSigramento Valley. Wayengatshintshanga kakhulu, kodwa wabonakala ephukile kakhulu empilweni. Wandixelela ukuba uNksz Lincoln wayengumama wakhe, kwaye wayekhuliswe kwintsapho ka-Abraham Lincoln. "
Kwiintsuku ezingama-22, ibhentshi yebhere yahamba phezu kweSonoma njengoko abahlali bavakalisa iCrifornia i-republic republic. Kodwa ingxabano yaba yinxalenye yemfazwe enkulu eMexico naseMelika. Ekugqibeleni iMexico yalahlekelwa yimfazwe yaza yabamba iCalifornia eUnited States.
Kamva, imililo eyayilandelayo ngo-1906 Ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu kwashisa kwaye yabhubhisa iflegi yebhere yokuqala. Kodwa, umoya wayo uphila. ICalifornia yamkela umfanekiso weebhere kwiflegi yelizwe.
Inxalenye yesi-2 ye-Sonoma County History iza maduze.