IiNkqubo zoThutho zeSizwe eziBusizi

Kwabaninzi baseMerika, igama elithi "umzila ongaphantsi" uchaza ivenkile yesitye esheshayo-esincinci, kunokuba yindlela yokuthutha. Oku kunengqiqo, ngokuqinisekileyo, kunikwe ukuba iindawo ezimbalwa zaseMerika zinezonxibelelwano ezingaphantsi komhlaba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iinkqubo zangaphantsi zibaluleke kakhulu kubemi bezixeko ezinkulu ngaphandle kweUnited States. Ngamanye amaxesha, njengokuba kunjalo kwiinkqubo eziphantsi komhlaba ezixakekileyo kuloluhlu, kwimiba yezigidi zabantu ziwasebenzisa ngosuku ngalunye.

• 01 ngo-10

  Intaba yaseBeijing, eChina

  Nangona ubulumko bendabuko (kwaye, kude kube yiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, iinombolo ezinobumba) zibonisa ukuba inkqubo yaseTokyo ehamba phambili iyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi, eso sihloko siya eBeijing, esineprogram engaphantsi komhlaba ebhalisiwe malunga nezigidi ezili-10 abagibeli ngosuku ngomnyaka ophelileyo, idubule. Inqanawa ehamba phambili yaseBeijing inomdla kwizizathu ezimbalwa, kuqala ngenxa yeendlela ezibi nangona kunjalo nangona wesibini, kuba ngaphambi kokuba isixeko sinikezelwe ngama-Olimpiki ka-2008, ubugqithisi behle kakhulu. Ukususela ngo-2017, inkqubo ye-Subway ye-Subway inee-19 imigca kunye nezikhululo ezingama-345.

• 02 ngo 10

  Shanghai Metro, China

  I-Tokyo ayikho okwangoku # 2 kwiluhlu lweenkqubo zeendlela eziphantsi komhlaba, mhlawumbi. Hayi, yiShanghai: Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-9 ngosuku bahamba ngeMetro Metro ngo-2016, nje kuphela bambalwa kunokuba benze njalo eBeijing. Njengomgwaqo ongaphantsi kweBeijing, ukukhula okuphawulekayo kuMetro Metro kwenzeka kwangaphambili kwimeko yeziganeko eziphezulu (International Expo 2010). Okuthakazelisayo kukuba, le nkqubo iqulethe inani elifanayo malunga nezikhululo (iShanghai ine-19 ngaphezu kweBeijing ngo-2017), nangona i-Metro Metro inemigca emihlanu kunemizila engaphantsi kwe-Beijing.

• 03 ngo 10

  I-Tokyo Road, Japan

  Kwiminyaka emininzi, abantu abayizigidi eziyi-8.7 abakhwela kwiTokyo Subway system nganye imihla banelungelo lokwenza i-metro ehamba phambili, kodwa amaxesha (kunye neChina) ashintshile. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele, nangona kunjalo, ukuba eli nani alibandakanyi ezininzi zezithuthi zomntu ezizimeleyo kunye noluntu. Kwakhona kunomdla ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngelixa abagibeli abayizigidi ezingama-6.4 bekhwela imizila engama-9 imihla ngemihla, enye i-2.3 yezigidi ihamba ngokukodwa kwi-toei Metro, eya kusetyenziswa inkqubo yokukhatyathwa komthikiti. Enye indlela yokwenza uhambo oluhambelana nohambo lweTokyo oluyinkimbinkimbi lula ukuthenga i-PASMO okanye i-SUICA amakhadi anenani eligcinwe kuzo zonke iinkqubo.

• 04 we-10

  I-Guangzhou Metro, eChina

  Okwangoku ngo-2017, malunga nabantu abayizigidi ezingama-7.36 baye bagqitha iMetrox Metro ngosuku, olubeka umgca wokudlulela abagibeli abayizigidi eziyi-2,5 abasebenzisa ngo-2016. Ukuthi i-line ye-10 ye-Guangzhou, Iyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa, ubuncinane ubunjani beyona ndawo (i-mega) idolophu engaphandle kweChina. Kwakhona kuthetha ukuba iChina yindawo yeendlela ezintathu ezinqabileyo zendlela ezihamba phambili emhlabeni, ezihle kakhulu xa ucinga ukuba enye kuphela (iBeijing) yayiza kuphazamisa i-Top 10 kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo.

• 05 we-10

  I-Metro yeSeoul, yaseMzantsi Korea

  I-Metro ye-Seoul idla i-7.2 yezigidi ezihamba ngeentsuku zemihla ngemihla ngo-2014, okuyiyo kuphela into xa uyiqhathanisa neenkcukacha ezine ezidlulileyo kuloluhlu lweendlela eziphantsi komhlaba. Izitishi ezingama-283 zineenkalo ezithoba zenkqubo, eziqhutyelwa yi-Seoul Metropolitan Subway Corporation kunye nenkampani kazwelonke yeKorail. Inyaniso enomdla malunga ne-Seoul Metro kukuba ezininzi izitishi zayo ziphantsi kakhulu phantsi komhlaba. Ngamanye amaxesha, kufuneka uhla ezintathu okanye ezine ezineetekethi zokufikelela kwi-train!

• 06 ngo 10

  EMetro Moscow, eRashiya

  I-Metro Metro ithumele umyinge weentsuku ezingama-6.7 ngonyaka, ngowama-2014, kunyaka wokugqibela apho kufumaneka khona inani. Oku kuphawulekayo kwedwa, kodwa into enhle kakhulu izitishi zeMoscow zona-ngokuqinisekileyo, zinamathela kuloluhlu. Enyanisweni, unokuhlala iintsuku ezimbalwa ugibela phakathi kwezikhululo ezingama-206 zale nkqubo, ingakumbi ukuba u tyelela eMoscow ngexesha leenyanga zasebusika.

• 07 ngo 10

  I-New York City Subway, eU.SA

  Inyaniso yokuba i-ridge ye-Subway City yaseNew York yayingama-5.7 yezigidi zabantu abahambahamba ngemini ngo-2016 ithi izinto ezimbalwa, kuqala phakathi kwazo ukuba inkqubo ye-subway eyingozi kakhulu yaseMelika iyayiqhawula i-Top 10 yehlabathi. Kwakhona kuthethwa, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukungasebenzi phantsi kwe-468-system system (ngokukodwa, iwona mkhulu kunaloo mhlaba) apho abahlali baqaphela khona. Ngokomzekelo, ngaba uyayazi ukuba i-Second Avenue evulekileyo iVane Avenue yathatha inkulungwane ukuya kugqiba? Inqanawa yaseNew York City ingase ibe yinto exhaphakileyo kwaye iyaziwa kakhulu eMelika, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ayinanto ekukuthiwa yinto efanelekileyo kakhulu kuloluhlu.

• 08 ngo 10

  Hong Kong MTR, eChina

  I-Hong Kong yenye yezona ndawo zininzi zihlala kwihlabathi. Kufuneka uqwalasele eli qakala xa ucinga ukuba kutheni ikhaya kwikhampasi yendlela ehamba phambili kunobunqabileyo kwihlabathi, nangona indlela encinane imephu yendlela yokujonga umzila. Enyanisweni, malunga nezigidi ezingama-4.694 abantu bahamba ngeHong Kong Kong MTR imihla ngemihla, nangona kunjalo ineendlela ezili-12 kunye nezikhululo ezingama-68. Oku akuyi kukumangalela kuwe, ewe, ukuba ngaba uke wakhupha i-MTR Hong Kong-ininzi ngaphandle kwehora lokukhawuleza. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwisikhululo esiseKowloon, esona sindawo esona siqonde kakhulu saseHong Kong.

• 09 we-10

  EMexico City Metro, eMexico

  IsiSpanish sinokuba ulwimi lwesibini lolwimi oluthethwa ngolwesibini, kodwa isixeko esisodwa kwisizwe esithetha isiSpanish sinesistim somzila ongaphantsi komhlaba ophakathi kwehlabathi. Inkulu-dolophu yaseMexico yaseMexico, malunga nezigidi ezi-4.4 ezihamba ngeemitha ngosuku zisebenzisa iMetro Metro, enezikhululo ezingama-195 kunye nemigca eyi-12. Inkqubo ibonakala ngokusinda kwenyikima enkulu eyashukumisa isiXeko saseMexico ngo-1985. Kukwaphawuleka ukuba ibe enye yezinto ezimbini ezibhaliweyo kumaMelika kuloluhlu lweendlela ezisemhlabeni ezisisitratweni.

• 10 kwi-10

  EParis Métro, eFransi

  I-Paris Métro yiyona ndlela yeYurophu ehamba phambili ngaphantsi komhlaba, emva kweMoscow-kwaye, ngokugqithiseleyo, phambi kwe-London Under. Ngo-2014, i-Paris Métro yabika umyinge weentsuku ezi-4.16 wezigidi, malunga ne-40% ngaphezu kweLondon ngexesha elifanayo lexesha. Nangona i-Paris 'iMétro ayiyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi, enye yeyona nto idlula kakhulu: Zonke izitishi zayo ezingama-245 zakhiwe ngaphakathi kweekhilomitha ezingama-34 kwisixeko saseParis. I-Metro 'yaseParis inxinxile, kwaye inkulu, oku kuthetha ukuba unako ukukhwela kuyo yonke into ebalulekileyo yezokhenketho, kuquka i-Eiffel Tower, i-Notre Dame Cathedral kunye neLouvre Museum, ukubiza ngambalwa nje.