Iindawo zeMveli ze-UNESCO kwiScotland

5 Iindawo ezininzi ezikhunjelwe ukutyelela eScotland

IScotland ineendawo ezi-5 ze-UNESCO zeLifa leMveli elikhethiweyo ngenxa yenkcubeko okanye ukubaluleka kwendalo kwihlabathi lonke. Ezinye zilula ukubona kwihambo elifutshane ukuya eScotland. Ukufikelela kwabanye, njenge- Orkney kunye neSt Kilda, zizinto zokuhamba ngokunyanisekileyo kodwa ubuyisele ixesha lakho kunye nemigudu ngemivuzo engavamile. Cwangcisa uhambo olujikeleze ezi ndawo ezikhethekileyo ukubuyela kwiSkotland ukuya kohambo lokuphila.

• 01 ngo 05

  Forth Bridge

  I-Forth Bridge yiyona ndawo entsha yeSayithi yeGugu leScotland, ekufezeni ukwahlukana ngoJulayi 2015, ngexesha lokuzalwa kwayo eyi-125. Ukuqhayisa i-Firth yeeyure malunga neekhilomitha ezili-9 entshonalanga ye-Edinburgh kwi-Queensferry yaseMzantsi, ibhuloho yesitimela yiyona bridge yokuqala ye-multispan ye-cantilever. Kwimitha engama-2,529 (malunga neekhilomitha ezili-1.57) yinto enye yeebhanti ezide kunabo bonke.

  Ibhuloho yavulwa ngo-1890, malunga nexesha apho izitimela zithatha i-marhwebo ekuhambeni okude. Uludwe lwayo lwe-UNESCO:

  "Ukuzibonakalisa kwayo kwimizimbane yezoshishino kubangelwa ukubonakaliswa ngokucacileyo kunye nokungabonakali kwezakhiwo zayo.

  Indlela yokubona iBridge Bridge

  • Ngeenyawo - Iindlela ezinqamlekileyo eziselunxwemeni lweFirth of Forth, malunga ne-South Queensferry kunye nxweme elisenyakatho kwi-North Queensferry zinika izimvo ezilungileyo zebhuloho, enye yeempawu zeScotland. Ukuba u tyelela i-Edinburgh, ukhuphukela kwisihlalo sika-Arthur okanye i-Salisbury Crags kwi-Holyrood Park ukujonga umgama omde.
  • Kulo bhuloho - Izicwangciso zisesemsebenzini ukudala amava amabini amatsha kwi-bridge. Iziko leendwendwe kwiNorth Queensferry liza kubandakanya ukuphakama kwomoya ovulekileyo kwiplatifomu yokubukela phezulu kwinqaba yomntla. Ukuhamba ngokuhamba ukusuka kwiphondo eMzantsi Queensferry kuya kuthatha abafuna ukuxhamla kwinqanaba eliphezulu ukuya kwinqaba yasezantsi. Unokubukela amavidiyo amaninzi kwaye uqhubeke neentuthuko kwi-Forth Bridge Experience apha.
  • Ngesikebhe - I-Tours Tours ihamba ngokuhamba ngeekhenketho rhoqo kwi-Firth ehamba phantsi kwebhuloho ukusuka kwi-pier eSouth Queensferry. Kananjalo banomqeqeshi ekwenzeni inkonzo yokuhamba ngesikebhe eshiya e-Edinburgh. I-Maid ye-Forth isebenza ngenqanawa yesevisi kwisiqithi sase-Inchorn phakathi kwe-Firth enika neembono ezilungileyo zebhuloho.

  I-Bridge Forth eBali

  Ibhuloho icwecwe ngeengubo ezivuthayo ze-orange anti-rust. Kuthatha iminyaka eyi-10 ukupenda ibhulorho nakwixesha elidlulileyo, ngokukhawuleza ukuba abaculi baqedile ekupheleni komnye, kwafuneka baqale kwakhona kwenye. Ngoko kwi-british british, umsebenzi ongapheliyo kuthiwa unjengopopayi ye-Forth Bridge.

  Akunjalo okwenyaniso. Xa abaphengululi begqityile ukugqiba umsebenzi wabo weminyaka eyi-10, ngo-2011, i-National Rail, abagcini bodlobho, bathi iteknoloji entsha kunye neeteknoloji zetrayinti kwakuthetha ukuba ibhuloho inokukhululeka kweentambo ze-scaffolding kunye nokuyeka iingubo eziyiminyaka engama-20.

• 02 we 05

  St Kilda

  Ngowe-1930, bonke abemi baseSt Kilda (bonke abangama-36 kubo) bashiya isiqithi esakhiwe esi siqithi esisekude, ezili-110 ukusuka entshonalanga yeScotland, ngenxa yelizwe. Yayikuphela kwidolophana eyayikhona ubuncinane iminyaka eyi-1 000. Olunye ubuqhetseba besiqithi babonisa abantu basebenzisa isi siqithi malunga neminyaka engama-4 000.

  I-St Kilda yenye yezona ndawo ezinqabileyo ze-UNESCO zeNdawo zeLifa leNdawo ezibhalwe uluhlu lwexabiso lenkcubeko kunye nendalo. Ngomnyaka we-1986 waba yi-First Heritage Site eScotland. Ngonyaka ka-2005 wajoyina iqela elincinane lala mabini ambalwa adweliswe ukubaluleka kwenkcubeko kunye nendalo. Ngomhla ka-2013 kwanyuswa kwimeko yexabiso eliPhambili eliMgangatho oPhezulu - eligcinwe kulokho i-UNESCO ibona indawo ephawulekayo emhlabeni.

  Kutheni iSt Kilda?

  • Indawo yezobuGcisa izakukunceda ukukhusela ubungqina bokuba ubuncinane "amabini eminyaka yomsebenzi wabantu kwiimeko ezimbi." Abahlali besiqithi babenomnotho wokulondoloza ukugcina izimvu, ukuqokelela iimveliso zeentaka kunye nokulungisa umhlaba. Ubungqina bemizi yabo elahliwe, kunye neenkomo zeegusha kunye nezicwangciso (izakhiwo zokugcina izitye ezomileyo) zimi ngaphezu kwechweba laseSt Kilda kuphela, kwi-Hirta.
  • Iqela le siqithi laqulunqwa yi-anti-volcanic action, i-glaciers kunye nokukhukhula kwamanzi okuvelisa izinto eziqhelekileyo kunye neentlanzi eziselwandle. Uninzi lweSt. Kilda lucacile.
  • Izilwanyana zasendle kunye nezidalwa eziphilayo kwiziqithi zizathu ezifanelekileyo zokutyelela. Ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezili-1 zezilwandle zasemlwandle zisebenzisa iziqithi zokuhlala izidumbu kunye nokuyeka ukufuduka, ikakhulukazi ii-puffins, iigannets kunye neepermari. Ezi ziqithi zihlala kwikhaya le-Soay yeferal, uhlobo lwangaphambili oluye lwaziswa khona ngabahlali bokuqala baseSt Kilda, amawaka eminyaka edlulileyo.
  • Ngaphandle kweendawo eziphantsi kwamanzi kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana zifakwe kwiNgcaciso yeLifa leMveli.

  Ukuya eSt Kilda ...

  ... akukho msebenzi olula. Unokwenza uhambo lwenqanawa ukuya kwisiqithi kodwa nokuba uya kukwazi ukuhlala umhlaba kuxhomekeka kwimozulu kunye namanqindi - akukho siqinisekiso. Funda ingxelo yethu kwihambo lokuya eSt Kilda.

  Ngengcamango yokuba ubomi obunzima babantu bezilwanyana zasemaphandleni, tyelela i- Glasgow's Riverside Museum apho bahlala khona "i-Jollyboat", enye yeebenzi zokugqibela ezihamba ngeempahla ezazisetyenzisiweyo , i-imeyile kunye nabakhenkethi kwi-steamship.

• 03 we 05

  Edinburgh Old and New Towns

  Inkulu-dolophu yaseScotland kunye nesihlalo sePalamente yayo entsha, idibanisa intsha kunye nezo zanamhlanje zeso sixeko esikhulu seyunivesiti kunye nenkulu yesizwe kunye nesimo esiyimbali kunye nesiganeko. Iphethe umcimbi omkhulu wezobugcisa obusemhlabeni , unomkhosi oneminyaka eyi-1 ubudala kunye nentaba - iSitulo sika-Arthur-ilungelo phakathi kwedolophu.

  Isixeko, isixeko saseScotland ukususela ngekhulu le-15, ihlukaniswe kwiindawo ezimbini ezahlukileyo-i-New Town ne-Neoclassical Town neendlela ezibanzi kunye neendawo zengingqi kunye ne-Old Town, ikhutshwe yinqaba ephakathi eyaziwayo njenge-Edinburgh Castle.

  Uhlu lwe-UNESCO lubhala ukuba indawo ehambelana nale mimandla inika umzi wayo uqobo kwaye, idumisa i-Edinburgh "ithintelo elide ekucwangcisweni kwidolophu", ithi:

  "Ukwahlula phakathi kweDolophu yaseKapa ephakathi nendawo kunye neCorgivian New Town yase-Edinburgh, eScotland, ibonelela ngokucacileyo isakhiwo sasezidolophini esingenakwenzeka kwiYurophu."

  IiGarden Street Gardens

  Ipaki, kunye neenduli, iziqithi kunye neenkuni - ezibizwa ngokuba yii-Princes Street Gardens - zihlula i-Old and New Towns zase-Edinburgh kwaye zinika izilungiso zeNational Scottish Galleries kunye neRoyal Scottish Academy . Kubukeka, kuwo wonke umhlaba, njengendawo yokuma yemvelo, enye eneenduli ze-Edinburgh kunye neCanyon Rock yayo ephawulekayo.

  Enyanisweni, yenziwe ngumntu ngokupheleleyo, yenziwe ngokukrazula noLoch - ngokwayo i-loch eyenziwe ngabantu-eyayiyingxenye yokhuseleko lwamaqonga. Izitiya kunye nentaba eyaziwa ngokuba yi-The Mound yadalwa ukusuka kwinqwelo engaphezu kwesigidi imithwalo yexhoba echongwe ngexesha lokwakha iNew Town.

• 04 we 05

  ENew Lanark

  INewarkark entsha yayiyindalo ye-19th Century uRobert Owen. Idolophana ekwakhiwa kwenzelwe, eyakhiwe ngo-1785 ngumkhwe ka-Owen, yayisisigxina esilungileyo samatye kunye namanzi axhaswa ngamaconti kunye neendlu zabasebenzi xa u-Owen ethatha umsebenzi walo ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Kwakukho, kwanoko ke, iqoqo elikhulu kwizakhiwo zoshishino kwihlabathi.

  UOwen wanquma ukusebenzisa iingcamango zakhe ezinzulu zokwenza i-paternalism enomgangatho wokwenza umzekelo wendawo yasemaphandleni eneendawo ezinobungcali, izindlu ezihloniphekileyo, izindlu ezinempilo, imfundo kunye nophuhliso lwezenkcubeko kubasebenzi, indawo yokulima kunye nelo xesha, izimo zokusebenza ezifanelekileyo. Ukucwangciswa kunye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zenzelwe ukuhlala kakuhle kwabasebenzi, kubonwa "njengento ebalulekileyo kwiimbali zentlalo nezentlalo" kunye nefuthe elihlala njalo. Ngokutsho kwe-UNESCO:

  "I-Lanark entsha iyisikhumbuzo esiyingqayizivele sokuthi ukudala ubutyebi akubonakali ngokuzenzekelayo ukuhlaziywa kwabavelisi balo. Idolophana yayiyi-bed bed-test for ideas that sought to improve the condition of the world around ... kunye neenkqubo zezoqoqosho ooOwen athuthukisiwe zacatshangelwa ukuba zixakeke ngexesha lakhe kodwa ngoku ziyakwamkelwa ngokubanzi kuluntu lwangoku. "

  Emva kweNew Lanark

  UOwen waqhubeka ufumanisa uluntu lwase-Utopia lweNew Harmony, e-Indiana, ngokubhekiselele kwiinqununu zaseNew Lanark. Kodwa, ngaphandle kwenjongo yokudibanisa yokubonelelwa kwee-textile mills eScotland, yahluleka njengoshishino loqoqosho olusebenzayo kwiminyaka emibini. Izixhobo zakwaNew Lanark zathengiswa ngamaxesha amaninzi, ekugqibeleni ziba yi-roperie ngaphambi kokugqibela ekupheleni kwee-1960. Iipilisi ezixhaswa ngamanzi ziqhutywe ukusebenza ukususela ngo-1786 ukuya ku-1968. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yoko, zahlala zingatshintshi kwikhulu lama-21.

  ENew Lanark Namhlanje

  Izakhiwo zetyilwa, izakhiwo zabasebenzi abazenzile, iziko lemfundo kunye nesikolo zihlala zibonakalisa ukuqala komnini kunye nomqeshi wenkulungwane ye-19. Isayithi ibhalwe kwiRejista yeLifa leMveli ngo-2001.

  INew Lanark Trust, isikolo saseScotland esibhalisiwe, sigcina indawo yeLifa leMveli elijoliswe ekulondolozeni "njengabantu abazinzileyo, nabemi abahlali kunye namathuba amatsha okuqeshwa."

  Uninzi lwesayithi luvuleleke kwiindwendwe unyaka wonke, kunye nemiboniso eyahlukeneyo kunye nezokhenketho ukuba zibone kwiziko leMvakalisi. Isayithi iquka ihotele kwelinye lezakhiwo zetyulo kunye nehostele kwisakhiwo sangaphambili sendawo yokuhlala, ivenkile yasegolophini kunye nevenkile yezitolo kunye namagumbi okuhlanganisela amakhonsathi, iintetho kunye nemiboniso. Esinye sezakhiwo ezihlala kuzo, ezaziwa ngokuba yi-Double Row, ezinye zazo zahlala kwindawo eqhubekayo kwaze kwaba ngo-1970, zibuyiselwa ukusetyenziswa kweendawo zokuhlala.

  Ukutyelela i-website yabo ukuvula amaxesha kunye namaxabiso.

• 05 we 05

  Intliziyo ye-Neolithic Orkney

  Abavakatyeli kwi-Orkney bahlaselwa ngokukhawuleza kunye neengcamango eziyimfihlakalo ezingqalileyo ezibonisa iziqithi. Abanye baneminyaka engama-5 000 ubudala, ngaphambi kwe-Stonehenge kunye nePyramids ngamawaka ambalwa eminyaka. Isiza siquka ezimbini iindidi zamatye ezahlukileyo, iiStones Standing Stones and Ring of Brodgar; igundana lokungcwaba eligciniweyo eligcwele iiViking runes ukusuka kwixesha elizayo, uMaseshowe; umzana oneminyaka engama-5 000 ubudala, i-Skara Brae, kunye nenani leemirhubhe kunye neziza ezingaxilwanga.

  Izikhumbuzo ezenza indawo yeGugu leMhlaba zibhekwa njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwixesha leNolithic eNtshona Yurophu. Umzana oneminyaka engama-5 000 ubudala wase Skara Brae wafunyanwa kuphela ngekhulu le-19 xa isiqhwithi esinobundlobongela saqhawula isihlabathi esasigubungele iminyaka eyi-millennium. Kuqwalaselwa njengendawo yokugcina i-Neolithic efanelekileyo emhlabeni. Okokuqala kubhalwe phantsi kwoluhlu ngo-1999, isayithi kamva yaphakanyiswa kwi-Outstanding Universal Value status. I-UNESCO Listing yathi:

  "Izikhumbuzo ze-Orkney bear ekhethekileyo okanye ubungqina obubalaseleyo kwizithethe zenkcubeko zendabuko eziye zakhula ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-500-1000 kodwa zaphela ngo-2000 BC ... Zibubungqina benkqubela yeenkcubeko zabantu baseNolithic abasenyakatho yeYurophu, ngeli xesha 3000-2000 BC. "

  Ukucandwa kweso sikolo esikhulu okanye isikhungo sokumisa kwi-spit yomhlaba eyaziwa ngokuba nguNess of Brodgar bongeza ulwazi oluninzi kunye nobungqina babantu base-Orkney. Banokutyelelwa ngexesha lokucwangciswa kweemvula zakudala zasehlobo. Indlela efanelekileyo yokutyelela nayiphi na i-Orkney izikhumbuzo zamandulo zenkampani yezinye zezikhokelo zeziqithi okanye i-archeologists.