Wazalelwa emaphethelweni e- Kansas City , uHarry S. Truman wayeya kukhula ukuba abe ngumlimi, ijoni, umashishini, umninimzi, kwaye ekugqibeleni umongameli wama-33 we-United States.
Amagama akhe njengomongameli ayenemisebenzi kunye nembali. Wafunga ngeentsuku eziyi-82 nje kwixesha lakhe lokuqala njenge-vice-president kwaye emva kokufa kukaMongameli u-Franklin Delano Roosevelt, uTruman wabhekana nomsebenzi omkhulu wokuphelisa iMfazwe Yehlabathi II.
Kwiinyanga ezintandathu, wachaza iJamani ukuba izinikezele kwaye yalela iibhomu ze-athomu kwiHiroshima naseNagasaki, ngokugqithiseleyo ukuqeda imfazwe.
Kamva, wayeya kuphakamisa amanyathelo okubonelela ngononophelo lwempilo jikelele, umvuzo omncinci ophezulu, udibanisa umkhosi waseMelika kunye nokunqanda ulwaphulo lohlanga kwiindlela zokuqeshisa. Kodwa kwakuyisigqibo sakhe sokungena eMelika kwiMfazwe yaseKorea eyakhokelela ekunciphiseni kwemilinganiselo yakhe yokumkelwa kunye nokuhlala phantsi. Izigqibo ezenziwe kwi-ofisi kaMongameli weTruman zinefuthe elihlala njalo eUnited States, kwaye imiba eninzi kunye neengxaki ezijongene nayo ngexesha lakhe - ubuhlanga, ubuhlwempu, kunye neengxabano zamazwe ngamazwe - zisasebenza namhlanje.
Umongameli kuphela kwimbali yanamhlanje ngaphandle kwesikolo sekholeji, uTruman akazange avumele ukuba ahambe kwiindawo zakhe ezincinci eziphakathi kweMiddle Midlands kwaye ekugqibeleni wabuyela edolophini lakhe lase-Independence, eMissouri apho ilayibrari yakhe kunye neyamyuziyamu ngoku ihleli nje emfutshane kwindlu yakudala.
Malunga neThala leencwadi
Enye yezinto eziphambili ze-Kansas City, i-Harrys S. Truman Library kunye neMyuziyam ngowokuqala kweencwadi ezi-14 zamathala eencwadi zongameli eziza kusekwa phantsi koMthetho wama-Librari kaMongameli we-1955. Ihlala kumaphepha angama-15 yezigidi zemibhalo kunye neefayile zeNdlu ze- White House ; amawaka eeyure zevidiyo nerekhodi; kunye namafoto angaphezu kwama-128,000 ahlawula ubomi, imisebenzi yokuqala, kunye noongameli kaMongameli uTruman.
Ngelixa ilayibrari inezinto ezingama-32,000 kwizinto eziqokelelwa kuyo, icazana kuphela lazo ziboniswa ngaliphi na ixesha.
Ilayibrari ayilona nje imyuziyam yokubhala umongameli, yindawo yokugcina indawo, apho abafundi, abaphengululi, intatheli kunye nabanye beza kuphanda ubomi kunye nomsebenzi kaMongameli Truman. Iifayile kunye nezinto eziphathekayo ziqwalaselwa ngerekhodi yoluntu esemthethweni, kwaye isayithi ilawulwa yi-National Archives kunye ne-Records Administration.
Ithala leencwadi lisekuhlaleni kwe-Independence, eMissouri, i-short drive ukusuka kwisixeko sase-Kansas City. Ngelixa mhlawumbi mhlawumbi eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Oregon Trail, ukuzimelela apho uTruman akhula khona, waqalisa intsapho yakhe, wahlala iminyaka embalwa yokugqibela yobomi bakhe. Ngokukwakha ithala leencwadi kwidolophu yakubo, iindwendwe ziyakwazi ukufumana ingqondo yendawo eyenze ubomi bakhe kunye nomlingiswa wakhe.
Yintoni ongayilindela
Imyuziyam ihlukaniswe yaba miboniso emibili-eyona ebomini nakwixesha likaTruman, kunye nelinye ngumbongameli wayo.
"UHarry S. Truman: Ubomi Bakhe kunye namaxesha athi" ubonakalisa ibali le minyaka ka-Truman yenzelwe, imisebenzi yokuqala kunye nentsapho yakhe. Apha uya kufumana iincwadi zokuthanda phakathi kwakhe nomfazi wakhe, uBess, kunye nolwazi malunga nendlela asebenzisa ngayo umhlalaphantsi wakhe esebenzayo kwithala leencwadi.
Izixhobo ezibandakanyekayo zivumela iindwendwe ezincinci, ngokukodwa, ukuba zivelele ubomi obunjani kumongameli wangaphambili - kubandakanywa ukuzama ngeesibini zeengubo zakhe.
"UHarry S. Truman: Iminyaka kaMongameli" ibonakalisa into encinci, kunye nembali yaseMerika kunye nehlabathi elixhomekeke kuloo mongameli. Xa ungena embonisweni, uza kubona ifilimu engumzuzu eyi-15 igqitha ubomi bukaTruman ngaphambi kokuba Umongameli. Ukuphela kokufa kwe-FDR, le vidiyo ihamba phambili kwiindwendwe zokubonisa izixhobo ezichaza ubongameli bakaTruman nangaphezulu. Ukusuka apho, izinto zilungiselelwe ngokulandelelana.
Njengoko uhamba ngegumbi emva kwendawo, uza kubona ipapasho, iifoto kunye neevidiyo ezibonisa iziganeko eziphambili, kunye nokurekhodwa komsindo wembali yomlomo kunye neentetho zembali ezidlalayo. Ixesha elisetyenzisiweyo libonisa ukungafani okubukhali kwindlela iMelika kunye neYurophu abafumana ngayo impilo emva kwe-WWII, kunye neeflipbooks zibonisa ukufakwa kwedayari, iileta kunye neentetho ezibhalwa nguTruman ngokwakhe.
Ngaphandle kokubeka iimbali zexesha, iimpahla ezibonakalayo zibonisa ukuqonda kwezinye iifowuni ezinzima ezenziwa ngexesha likaTuruman. Ababhenkethi bayabambana nalezi zigqibo ezifanayo "kwizigqibo zemidlalo," apho ziza kubona iimveliso eziphawulekayo zibeka ukhetho olwenziwa yiTruman kwaye livotela kwizinto abaza kuzenza kwindawo yakhe.
Yintoni ongayibona
Ilayibrari kunye ne-museum yibambe ubutyebi beenkcukacha kunye nembali malunga nokulawulwa kweTuruman nobomi bomongameli wangaphambili, kodwa kukho izinto ezimbalwa, ngokukodwa, kufuneka ulinde.
"Ukuzimela kunye nokuvulwa kweNtshona" kwiMural
Lo mzobo, obonwe ngumculi wasekuhlaleni uThomas Hart Benton kwi-lobby enkulu yelayibrari, uxela ibali lokusekwa kwe-Independence, eMissouri. Njengomlenze oya kuba nayo, uTruman ngokwakhe wayesebenzisa ipende eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esibhakabhakeni esibhakabhakeni emva kokuba iziganeko zakhe ziqhubekile zikhokelela uBenton ukummema kwi-scaffolding, kunye nalowo owayengumongameli, akaze aphinde abuyele kumngeni.
Inqaku loNobhala we-Stimson Ngokubhekiselele kwiBhomu ye-Atomic
Nangona kungekho mvelaphi eyaziwayo ebonisa ukugunyazwa okubhaliweyo kwelo bhomu le-athomu, inqaku elibhalwe ngesandla elibhalelwe uNobhala weMfazwe ngelo xesha, uHenry Stimson, uxelela ukukhululwa kwengxelo yomntu kwibhomu. Inqaku, elihlala kwigumbi elinesihloko esithi "Isigqibo sokuLahla ibhokhwe," yinto esondeleyo ekugunyazisweni kokugqibela kokuthunyelwa kwayo.
Ukuhalaliswa kweTelegram ku-Eisenhower
Kusondele ekupheleni koMongameli weminyaka umboniso kwigumbi elibizwa ngokuthi "Ukushiya Iofisi," uya kufumana iteknologram uTruman wathumela kumlandeli wakhe, uMongameli uDwight Eisenhower, emncoma ngokunyulwa kwakhe kokhetho kunye nokugcina indawo yakhe njengomphathi welizwe lama-34.
I-Buck ihamba apha
Khangela i-original "I-Buck ihamba apha" ityikitye kwi- Oval Office . Uphawu oluphawulekayo lwaluhlala etafuleni likaTruman ngexesha lokulawula kwakhe, njengesikhumbuzo sokuba umongameli ekugqibeleni unembopheleleko yezigqibo ezibalulekileyo ezenziwe ngexesha e-ofisi. Ibinzana liya kuqhubeka liba lizwi eliqhelekileyo, lisetyenziswe ngabapolitiki abaninzi kwiminyaka emashumi ukususela.
Indawo yokuphumla yokugqibela yaseTuruman
Lowo owayengumongameli wayesebenzisa iminyaka yakhe yokugqibela ngokubaluleka ngokubandakanyeka kwilayibrari yakhe, kwaze kwangoku aphendule ifowuni ngokwakhe ngezinye izihlandlo ukunika izikhokelo okanye ukuphendula imibuzo. Kwakunqwenela ukungcwatyelwa khona, kwaye ingcwaba lakhe lingafumaneka kwintendelezo, kunye nomfazi wakhe othandekayo kunye nosapho.
Nini ukuya
Ilayibrari kunye neyamyuziyamu zivuliwe ngeeyure zoshishino ngoMvulo ukuya ngoMgqibelo nakwiinyanga zangeCawe. Zivaliwe Ukubonga, iKrisimesi, kunye noMhla woNyaka omtsha.
Amanani ezitikiti
Ukungena kumyuziyam ukhululekile kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka yobudala 6. Abantwana abadala kunye nabantu abadala baya kuthengwa ithikithi, kunye namaxabiso avela kwi-$ 3 yolutsha 6-16 ukuya kuma-8 abantu abadala. Izaphulelo ziyafumaneka kulabo abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, kunye nabasemagunyeni kunye nabasemkhosini bafumana ukungeniswa kwamahhala ngoMeyi 8 ukuya ku-Agasti 15.
Imibukiso ye-Intanethi
Ukuba awukwazi ukwenza uhambo ngomntu, unokuphanda amaninzi kumnikelo welayibrari kwiwebhusayithi yayo. Thatha uhambo olubonakalayo lwe-Oval Office njengoko kwakunjalo ngexesha loLawulo lweTruman, ufunde ngexesha lokubonisa imizekelo, kunye neemephu kunye namaxwebhu ambalwa-evela kwintuthuzelo yendlu yakho.