Amazwi anomdla malunga neNtaba yaseSt Helens

01 ngo 05

Intshayelelo eNtabeni yaseStens

INtaba yaseStens ingenye yeentaba ezininzi zePacific Northwest. Icandelo lento eyaziwa ngokuba yiPacific Rim yoMlilo, iNtaba yaseStens idume ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo wakutshanje kunye oqhubekayo. INtaba yaseStens ephakathi kweNtaba yaseCascade kwilizwe laseWashington, malunga nephakathi kweSeattle nasePortland.

Intaba ngokwayo, kunye nommandla ojikelezayo, uye wagcinwa njengeNtaba yeStamp Helens National Volcanic Monument. Ukuma kweso sikhumbuzo kuvunyelwe ukuba kuthathe inkqubela yayo yokubuyiselwa, ukudala amava okufunda okuthakazelisayo kubini ososayensi kunye noluntu. Abavakatye kwiSikhumbuzo seNtaba yeHlabathi yaseStens eHelens baya kufumana amaziko amaninzi amanqabileyo ahambayo kunye neninzi yemibono emangalisayo.

Phantse ngo-1980 Ukuchithwa kwentaba yaseStens Helens: Ukulandelelana kweZenzo

Phantse ngo-1980 Ukuchithwa kweNtaba yaseStens: Iimpembelelo

Umsebenzi okhoyo weNtaba yaseSt. Helens

Intaba yeSt. Helens Umsebenzi ngeMbali

02 we 05

Phantse ngo-1980 Ukuchithwa kwentaba yaseStens Helens: Ukulandelelana kweZenzo

Intaba yaseSt. Helens yaqhuma ngo-8: 32 nge-PST ngomhla kaMeyi 18, 1980, ikhumbuza abahlali basePacific Northwest kunye nabantu abajikelezayo kwihlabathi lezinto ezinamandla ezingenakulawula. Iziphumo zomzimba zephulophu zafunyanwa kwiindawo ezininzi zase-United States, ngotshani owela kude nase-Oklahoma. Ukutyelela iNtabeni uStens ngokwakho ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga nomlando we-volcano kunye nemeko yangoku.

Ukulandelelana kweziganeko ezenzeka ngexesha lokukhuphuka kweMeyi 18 kweNtaba yaseStens:

• Inyikima ye-5.1-magnitude
• Inkunzi kunye nommandla ojikelezayo kwintlapho esenyakatho ye-volcano yanyuka, kubangele i-avalanche enkulu yamatye, udaka, kunye neenkunkuma ezizaliswe ngamamayela angama-24 e-valley
• Ukukhutshwa kweengcinezelo ezibangelwa ngaphakathi kwe-volcano kwakhupha umququ womlotha kunye nepumice

Ukulandelelana kweziganeko ezikhokelela ekugqibeleni: Matshi-Meyi, 1980

Yonke yaqala ngo-Matshi 15, 1980, xa iNtaba yaseStens uHelens iqalile ukusebenza kwexesha elisezantsi. Njengoko lo msebenzi wanda, i-volcano isigcina sonke siphezu kwezihlalo zethu. Nazi iziqendu ezivela kwiziganeko ezikhokelela ekugqibeleni kweMeyi 18, ngokulandelana kwexesha.

Meyi 17, 1980
Amagosa okuthotyelwa komthetho ahanjiswa malunga neenqwelo ezingama-50 zabaphathi bepropati kwi-Red Zone ukufumana izinto.

NgoMeyi 7-13, 1980
Ukuqhuma okuncane kwe-steam kunye nomlotha kuphuma kwi-volcano. Iinyikima ezingapheliyo ukuya kwi-4.9.

Aprili 29, 1980
Amagosa karhulumente acela irhuluneli ukuba ivale indawo enkulu malunga ne-volcano. Isicwangciso esibizwa ngokuba nguMmandla oBomvu (akukho finyelelo loluntu) kunye neBlue Zone (ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza). Amagosa enkonzo angxamisekileyo akhathazekile ngenxa yokuba uluntu lubonakala luhlala luyazi ingozi.

Matshi 27 ukuya ku-Ephreli 18, 1980
Ukuqubuka komhlaba kunye nokuqhuma kwe-steam kuqhutywe kwaye kuqhubeke ngeli xesha.

Matshi 20, 1980
Inyikima yenani le-4.1, ngokungafani naluphi na olwalufunyenwe ngaphambili kuloo ndawo, lwenzeka nje kumntla-ntshona kwintlanganiso yeSt. St. Helens. Iingcali ze-Seismologists zazingenakuqinisekiswa ukuba ingaba zezi nyikima zokuqala zihlobene nokusebenza kwe-volcanic. Bagqiba ekubeni bathathe i-seismometers eyongezelelweyo ukwenzela ukuba bajonge bhetele umsebenzi ozayo.

Matshi 15-19, 1980
Inani elincinci lenyikima komhlaba lirekhodwa, kodwa ayibonakali njengabaqaphi abasondeleyo kwintsebenzo enokwenzeka ye-volcanic.

Umthombo wolwazi: USGS / Cascades I-Volcano Observatory. Khangela le webhsayithi ukuze uthole ixesha elide elininzi.

03 we 05

Phantse ngo-1980 Ukuchithwa kweNtaba yaseStens: Iimpembelelo

Iimpembelelo zokuqhutyelwa kweNtaba yaseStens yase-1980 ziquka:

• INtaba yaseStens iyancitshiswa ngokuphakama kwama-1,300
• Umlotha ovunguzelayo wawa malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-930
• Ingqungquthela yamatye kunye namatope avumbile isigodlo se-Toutle ukuya kumanzi angama-50
• Ukukhuphuka kwimizuzu eyi-9
• Abantu abangama-57 balahlekelwa ubomi babo, okanye basabonwa bengekho
• Iimitha ezili-250 zomhlaba zonakaliswe
• "Izilwanyana ezininzi" zabulawa - uqikelelo zizilwanyana ezinkulu zezilwanyana ezi-7 000 kunye nezigidi zeentaka, iintlanzi kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci
• Ukuqhuma okuncinci kwaqhubeka ngo-1986

Amaqiniso kunye namanani afumaneka kwisishwankathelo se-USGS

04 we 05

Umsebenzi okhoyo weNtaba yaseSt. Helens

Kanye xa siqala ukucinga iMount St. Helens ihlala phantsi, i-volcano vents or rumbles. Nanku umgca wexesha lomsebenzi weNtaba yaseSt. St Helens.

2005 ukuza
INtaba yeSt. Helens iyaqhubeka nokufumana amaqondo aphantsi okuhlaselwa kwamanzi, ukukhutshwa okuphantsi kwee-steam kunye ne-volcanic gases, umbane omncinci we-ash, kunye nokukhula kwe-lava yedome ngaphakathi kwinqanaba.

Matshi 8, 2005
Intaba-mlilo yaseMount St. Helens yabhekana nesiganeko esincinci, kunye nesiphumo esinomphunga-mlilo kunye nomlotha ofikelela kwindawo ephakamileyo malunga nama-36,000 amanqanaba angaphezu kwezilwandle.

NgoJanuwari 16, 2005
Ukuqhuma kwe-explosive echithachitha umlotha kunye namatye amakhulu njengamitha engama-1 kwi-crater kunye nomlotha ompuma ngasempumalanga.

Ngo-Oktobha 11, 2004
I-lava yedome entsha neyohlukeneyo yabonakala; iqhubeka ikhula kwaye ishintsha.

Oktobha 5, 2004
Ukuqhuma okukhulu kwe-steam-ash-ash ukususela ekuqalekeni kwemibandezelo. Kwaphela ngaphezu kweyure enye. I-ash ash yafika malunga ne-3,700 m (12,000 ft) kwaye yahamba yenyuka-ntshona-ntshona. Ukuthungulwa komlilo othungayo kwawa kwiidolophu zaseMorton, eRandle, nasePakwoodwood, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-50. Ukuthungulwa okukhanyayo kwathintela kwicala lasempuma yeNtaba yeRainer National Park, 110 km (70 mi) ngasenyakatho-mpuma-ntshona.

Oktobha 1, 2004
Ukuqhuma kwe-steam encinci, kunye nomlotha omncinci, okhutshwe kwi-wind south of the 1980-86 lava dome

Septemba 23-25, 2004
Inyikima yamancinci (angancinci kunomlinganiselo 1) waqala ngomso kaSeptemba 23, ehamba ngeemini ngoSeptemba 24, ngoko ke yahlaka emva kwemini kaSeptemba 25.

Umthombo wolwazi: USGS / Cascades I-Volcano Observatory

05 we 05

Intaba yeSt. Helens Umsebenzi ngeMbali

Njengeentaba, iNtaba yaseStens iselula. I-volcano yezona zifiloso ezaziwa endala zaziwa malunga ne-50 ukuya kumawaka amawaka amawaka edlulileyo, kwaye i-cone eyahlukana ngo-1980 ingama-2200 kuphela ubudala. Amanye amaNdiya asePacific Northwest abizwa ngokuba yiNtaba iStens Helens "uLouwala-Clough," okanye "intaba yokutshaya." Igama langoku, iSt. St Helens, linikezelwa kwintlanzi ye-volcanic ngo-1792 nguCaptain George Vancouver waseBrithani Royal Navy, umgcini wolwandle kunye nomhloli. Waqamba igama layo ngokuhlonipha umntu wasekhaya, u-Alleyne Fitzherbert, owayephethe isihloko esithi uBaron St. Helens kunye nalowo owayengummeli waseBrithani eSpeyin. I-Vancouver yaqamba ngamanye ama-volcano amathathu kwi-Cascades - i-Mounts Baker, i-Hood, ne-Rainier-kumagosa aseBrithani.

Nazi iindawo eziphambili zeNtaba yaseSt. Helens kwiminyaka eyi-2000 edluleyo:

Iimbuzi Iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwexesha

Malunga ne-1800 AD
Eli lixesha elikhuphayo lahlala iminyaka eyi-100-150. Iziganeko ezaziwayo ziquka ukuqhuma komlotha ngo-1842, okwalandelwa ngu-extrusion ye-Goat Rocks dome. Iingxelo zemihla ngemihla kubonisa imisebenzi emininzi kuma-1840 nee-1850, kodwa azinziwayo kwaye zichasene. Umsebenzi wokugqibela obalulekileyo ngaphambi kowe-1980 "wawumsi womlilo kunye nomlilo" ngo-1857, nangona uncinane, ukuqhuma okungaqinisekanga kwabikwa ngo-1898, 1903, no-1921

Ixesha leNkunkuma yokuKalama

1479 ukuya ku-1482 AD
Leli xesha elikhuphayo lalibandakanya i-ejections ebalulekileyo yomlotha, kunye nokuhamba kwelava kunye nesakhiwo sendawo.

Ikhefu leShukela leNtshontsho

Malunga no-800 AD
INtaba yaseStens ihlaziywe ngokudibanisa isakhiwo sezakhiwo, ukuqhutyelwa kwe-lateral, kunye ne-pyroclastic flow ngexesha le-volcanic activity.

Ixesha leNkqantosi yaseChris Creek

200 BC ukuya ku-300 AD
Umsebenzi omkhulu ngeli xesha libandakanya ukuxhamla kwe-ash, ukuhamba kwe-pyroclastic, kunye ne-lava flow.

Umthombo wedatha: USGS / i-Cascades I-Volcano Observatory: INtaba yaseStens i-History of Error