5 Amanqaku e-UNESCO amaGugu eHlabathi awaziwayo eNdiya

01 ngo-06

Ubume ngokubanzi kwiiNdawo zeMveli ze-UNESCO kwiIndiya

I-India inamalungu angama-32 adweliswe kwiiNdawo zeMveli ze-UNESCO, ezilawulwa yi-Archeological Survey yaseIndiya. Ziqulethwe ngamaziko angama-25 (amatshitshiweyo ngobugcisa bawo obuvelele) kunye neendawo ezisixhenxe zendalo. Abaninzi babo baziwa kakuhle, ngokukodwa izikhumbuzo ezinjengeTaj Mahal e-Agra, i- Red Fort eDelhi, amatshaba aseHampi eKarnataka, amathempeli angama-erotic e-Khajuraho , e- Ajanta nase-Ellora, e-Maharashtra, nase- Sundarbans National Park eWest Bengal.

Sekunjalo, kukho iindiza ezincinci ezaziwayo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Abanye babo, awunakuze uve oko!

02 we-06

I-Champaner-Pavagadh Park Archaeological, eGujarat

I-Champaner kunye nePavagadh zithwele ubuncwane bezembali, zobugcisa kunye nezobuchwephesha ezivela kumasiko amabini amaSilamsi namaHindu, avela phakathi kwekhulu le-8 nele-14. Ezi ziquka inqaba yeenduli, iindonga, indawo zonqulo (uJames Masjid yenye yezona zihlwele ezithandekayo kwiiGujarat), indawo zokuhlala, indawo yokuhlala kunye nemithombo yamanyathelo.

Inani lezikhumbuzo e-Champaner liqikelelwa ukuba lingaphezu kwama-100! Isixeko esiqhelekileyo siphethe malunga neekhilomitha eziyi-145 (90 miles) ngasempuma-mpa ye-Ahmedabad kunye neekhilomitha ezingama-50 (i-31 km) empuma-mpuma ye-Vadodara e-Gujarat. Ngokufutshane yaba yinkunzi yombuso kwikhulu le-15 neye-16, emva kokuba uSultan Mahmud Begada wase-Ahmedabad (umzukulu ka-Ahmed Shah, owasungula u-Ahmedabad) wayifumbela emva kwexesha elide. Wakhela izikhumbuzo ezinkulu kunye namanzi amanzi apho. Nangona kunjalo, iintsuku zozuko zedolophu zaphela ngo-1535, xa zafunyanwa nguMlawuli waseMughal uHayayun kunye nenkunzi eyayibuyiselwa e-Ahmedabad.

Ekufuphi, ukuya ngasenyakatho ye-Champaner, i-rocky Pavagadh Hill ngokukhawuleza iphakama ngamamitha angama-800 (ii-2,600 iinyawo) ukusuka kumathafa ajikelezileyo. I-atop it ihlala e-Kalika Mata Ithempeli, eyazinikela kumamakazikazi omnyama uKali. Yona itempile enkulu ye- shakti (yamandla amabhinqa) kwaye enye yezona zihambelayo zokuhambela amaHindu eziya eGujarat. Ngokungaqhelekanga, itempile ine-shrine yamaSulumane eyakhelwe phezu kwayo.

Kutheni iLizwe leMveli kwiHlabathi?

I-Champaner-Pavagadh Ipaki ye-Archaeological yiyona yodwa engabonakaliyo kwaye igqibelele isixeko sase-Islam esandulela uMughal eNdiya. Umzekelo omhle wenkqubela-futshane, kwaye ihlala isengozini ngenxa yokuxhamla kwimihla yokuphila, amahlathi kunye nokushiya. Izakhiwo zayo zidibanisa ngokugqithisileyo izakhiwo zamaSulumane namaHindu. Ngokucacileyo, idizayini ekhethekileyo ye-mosque yayo enkulu (iJama Masjid) yayisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwe-mosque e-India.

03 we-06

Iqela lezikhumbuzo ePattadakal, eKarnataka

Izikhumbuzo ezimnandi zasePatadadal zivame ukuhanjelwa kunye neendawo zelifa lemveli yaseBadami (eyayisakuba yi-Vatapi) kunye ne-Aihole ngosuku lokuhamba ukusuka eHampi . Lo mmandla wawuyintliziyo ye-Chalukya umbuso, owawubusa khona phakathi kwe-4 ukuya kweyesi-8. Kukholelwa ukuba iPattadakal yayisakuba yinkunzi yayo kunye nendawo apho ookumkani babo babethelwa khona.

Izikhumbuzo ziqukethe iitempile ezisi-9 zamaHindu kunye ne-Jain engcwele, ezungezwe kwiintsika ezincinci. Ithempeliti ye-Virupaksha Temple yakhiwa ngu-ukumkanikazi-kungekhona ukumkani! U-Queen Lokamahadevi wayenokwakhiwa ngo-740 ukugubha umyeni wakhe ukunqoba i-Pallavas yeCanachipuram eTamil Nadu.

Yintoni eyenza iithempelini zikhetheke ngokukhethekileyo iimifanekiso eziqingqiweyo kunye nemibhalo ebhalwe phantsi. Ingaphakathi elipheleleyo leNdlu yeVirupaksha ibhalwe ngeemifanekiso ezimnandi kunye neziqulatho, kubandakanywa izipapa ezivela kwiRamayana neBhagavad Gita.

Kutheni iLizwe leMveli kwiHlabathi?

Iqela lezikhumbuzo kwizikhumbuzo zasePattadakal liyi-cult of the first to experiment in the style Vesara yeHindu yezakhiwo zeetempile. Olu hlobo ludibanisa zombini i-Dravidian (ngasentla) kunye neNagara (enyakatho) izitayela zezakhiwo zethempeli. Ezinye izibonelo eziphawulekayo zesitayela saseVesara eKarnataka ziitempile zaseHoysala eBelur, eHalebidu naseSomnathpura.

04 we-06

Amacumbi eRombo eBhimbetka, eMadhya Pradesh

Iindawo zokuhlasela zamatye eBhimbetka zisezintabeni ze-Vindhya ezintabeni kwisithili saseRaisen saseMadhya Pradesh , ngaphakathi kwi-Wildlife Sanctuary yaseRatapani. Bafikeleleke kakhulu kwiBhopal, malunga neyure.

Kukho ama-shelter angaphezu kwama-700, aqokelele kakhulu kumaqela amahlanu phakathi kwehlathi elincinci. Ezi zindawo zokuhlala ezinqabileyo zamatye zafunyanwa ngowe-1957 (kwaye, kanye nangengozi). Ukufumana okungaqhelekanga kokufunyanwa kwezinto eziphezulu, iindawo zokukhusela zihamba ngendlela yokubuyela kwi-Paleolithic ubudala kwaye ezinye kuthiwa zakhiwe yiHomo erectus (iintlobo zangaphambili zoluntu) kwiminyaka eyi-100 000 edlulileyo. Ukufunwa kwembonakaliso kubonakalisa indlela yokuqala yobomi bomntu kwi-Indian subcontinent kunye nokuqala kwe-South Age Stone Age (ukusuka ku-50,000-3000 BC). Kufunyenwe izixhobo ezininzi zamatye apho, kubandakanywa izikhwama kunye nezicwangciso.

Amaphempe angaphezu kwama-400 anemifanekiso yokuguba, edalwe kwixesha elithile. Iimpawu zabo zibonakaliswa kwizithethe zenkcubeko yezixeko zaseAdivasi zemizi ejikelezileyo.

Kutheni iLizwe leMveli kwiHlabathi?

Iindawo zokuhlala eziLwandle zaseBhimbetka kunye nobugcisa bazo bezityalo ezivelele zibonisa ukusebenzisana okude phakathi kwabantu kunye neendawo zokuhlala, kwaye nazo zihambelana ngokubambisana noqoqosho lokuzingela nokuqokelela.

05 ka 06

I-Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, uAsam

Cinga ngeepaki zesizwe e-Assam, kwaye uKazranga ufika engqondweni. Nangona kunjalo, iAsam inezinye iindawo ezinobuninzi bezinto eziphilayo ezinobungozi beZiko leMveli.

I-Manas Wildlife Sanctuary igxotha uMlambo iManas e-Assam, kwindawo efikeleleke kakhulu kwingingqi yeNyakatho-mpuma ye-Indiya , kwaye ibelana nomda neBhutan. Iinduli zayo eziqingqiweyo zehlathi kunye neziqhamo ezinqabileyo zinika indawo ebalulekileyo kwiintlobo ezininzi ezinqabileyo nezingozi zendalo zasendle. Ezi zibandakanya ama-tigers, i-rhinoceros, i-langurs, i-pygmy hogs, iinqwelo zeentlanzi, ii-turam eziphahleni kunye ne-Bengal florican. Ipaki nayo inabantu abaninzi bemithombo yamanzi yasendle.

Ukukhushulwa okukhulu kunye nemisebenzi yobutyhumela kwabangela ukuba ingcwele ibekwe kwiLifa leMveli kwiLwimi leNgcengo ngo-1992. Nangona kunjalo, isuswe kuloluhlu ngo-2011 emva kwemizamo yokulondoloza impumelelo.

Ingcwele ingacatshungulwa yi-jeep ne-elephant safaris ekuqaleni kwentsasa nangemva ntambama. Itholakala malunga neeyure ezintlanu ukusuka eGuwahati.

Kutheni iLizwe leMveli kwiHlabathi?

I-Manas Wildlife Sanctuary ineemeko ezizodwa zemvelo eziqatshelwa kwizinto eziphilayo ezinotyebileyo, indawo ekhangelekayo kunye neendawo. Iindidi zezilwanyana ezincelisayo ezisisongela iIndiya zifumaneka apha. Ingqungquthela, indlu engcwele ingama-60 eentlobo zezilwanyana ezincelisayo, iindidi ezingama-42 zezilwanyana ezihlambulukileyo, i-amphibians ezisixhenxe kunye neentlobo ezi-500 zeentaka.

06 we-06

Inkulu ye-Himalayan National Park, i-Himachal Pradesh

Enye yeeNdawo zeMveli zeNewwe zeNewco zaseIndiya, iNdawo ePhakamileyo yaseHeralma ye-Himalayan yongezwa kuloluhlu ngo-2014. Ipaki itholakala kwiphondo laseKullu ye-Himachal Pradesh kwaye ijikeleza malunga neekhilomitha ezili-900 zeekhilomitha (90,500 hektare). Iinezibane ezine, kunye neendawo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezivela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo eziphezulu ezifikelela kwiimitha ezingama-6,000 (19,700 ububanzi) ngaphezulu kwezinga elwandle ukuya emahlathini omlambo amamitha angama-2 000 (ii-6 600 iinyawo) ngaphezulu kwezinga elwandle.

Abo bathanda intlango baya kufumana indawo engummangaliso ukuyihlola. Indawo yayo eqhelekileyo, emigqabini neyongenakulinganiswa yenza ukuba ifunwe ngabantu abahambahambayo. Yiyo kuphela into ehamba phambili kwaye ininzi kakhulu ekufikeleleni ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwendawo engundoqo! Kukho iindlela ezinokulawulwa kweendlela zokuhamba, ukususela kwiintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezi-8, ukuhamba phakathi kweenqanaba eziphawulekayo eTirthan naseSainj zithandwa. Ukuhamba kwimihla yokuncincika kwemizuzu emininzi kunokwenzeka kwindawo yokuhluma ye-Ecozone kwindawo yokumazantsi-ntshonalanga, edlalwa ngabahlaziyi bemini.

Iintlanzi kunye neendwendwe zihanjiswa yinkampani ye-ecotourism i-sunshine Himalayan Adventures ngokubambisana ne-Biodiversity Tourism kunye nokuphuhliswa komphakathi (inhlangano esekelwe kuluntu, equzwe ngabantu basekuhlaleni). Kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisana nabantu basekhaya kwaye bafunde ngemisebenzi yabo.

Kutheni iLizwe leMveli kwiHlabathi?

I-Great Healayan National Park ihlonishwa kakhulu ngokulondolozwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Njengokuba usongelo olusuka kwiindawo zokuhlala kwabantu lubangela inkxalabo enkulu kwiintlobo nezilwanyana ezikhuselweyo, iinzame ezibalulekileyo zijoliswe ekubhekiselele kumakhaya asekuhlaleni imizamo kunye nokwakha ingqiqo enamandla yokuxhasa.