Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nokuLobbying
Indima kunye neempembelelo ze-lobbyist aqondwa ngokubanzi. Ziziphi iimashishini ezisichitha kakhulu kwi-lobbying? Uba njani umntu ukuba abe yi-lobbyist? Funda le mibuzo ibuzwa rhoqo kwaye ufunde konke ngabo.
Yintoni i-lobbyist?
I-lobbyist ngumlindi ozama ukukholisa amalungu karhulumente (njengamalungu e-Congress) ukwenza umthetho oya kuzuza inxaxheba kwiqela lawo. Ubugcisa bokubamba iqela luyingxenye esemthethweni nenxalenye yenkqubo yethu yezopolitiko yenkululeko engaqondwa kakuhle ngabantu bonke.
Ngelixa abaninzi abantu bacinga ngama-lobbyists kuphela njengabaqeqeshi abahlawuliweyo, kukho ezininzi iivolbyist zokuzithandela. Nabani na ocela urhulumente okanye othintana naye ilungu leCongress ukuba avume uluvo lusebenza njenge-lobbyist. Ukubambisa i-shishini elilawulwayo kunye nomsebenzi okhuselweyo phantsi koLungiso lokuqala loMthetho-siseko wase-US oqinisekisa amalungelo okukhulula inkulumo, iindibano kunye nezikhalazo.
Ukuzibandakanya kubandakanya okungakumbi kunokukholisa ama-legislators. Uphando lwee-lobbyists zobuchwephesha kunye nokuhlalutya umthetho okanye iziphakamiso zokulawula, ukuya kwiintlanganiso ze-congressional, nokufundisa amagosa karhulumente kunye namagosa karhulumente kwimicimbi ebalulekileyo. AmaLobbyists nawo asebenza ukutshintsha uluvo lukawonkewonke ngokusebenzisa iiprogram zokupapasha okanye ngokunyusa 'iinkokeli zeembono'.
Ngubani osebenzela i-lobbyists?
AmaLobbyists abamele malunga neseziko laseMerika kunye neqela lokukhathalela - imibutho yabasebenzi, iinkampani, iikholeji kunye neenyuvesi, iicawa, izincedo, amaqumrhu okusingqongileyo, imibutho yabantu abadala, kunye noorhulumente basekhaya okanye bangaphandle.
Ziziphi iimashishini ezisichitha kakhulu kwi-lobbying?
Ngokutsho kwe-OpenSecrets.org, le nkcukacha elandelayo yabhalwa yi-Ofisi yeeNkundla zoLuntu. Amashishini angama-10 aphezulu ngo-2016 ayenjalo:
Amachiza / iimveliso zeMpilo - $ 63,168,503
I-inshurensi - i-38,280,437
Izixhobo zombane - $ 33,551,556
Amashishini Oshishino - $ 32,065,206
I-Oli neGesi - i-$ 31,453,590
Electronics Mfg & Equipment - $ 28,489,437
I-Securities & Investment-$ 25,425,076
Izibhedlele / iiHolo zoLondolozo - i-$ 23,609,607
Uthutho Lomoya - i-$ 22,459,204
Abaqeqeshi bezeMpilo - $ 22,175,579
Uba njani umntu ukuba abe yi-lobbyist? Yiyiphi imvelaphi okanye uqeqesho olufunekayo?
AmaLobbyist avela kuzo zonke iindlela zokuphila. Uninzi lwabafundi abaphumelele kwiikholeji, kwaye abaninzi banamabanga aphezulu. Abaninzi bama-lobbyists baqala umsebenzi wabo basebenza eCapitol Hill kwi-congressional office. Ababhankqalazi kufuneka babe nolwazi olunamandla lokunxibelelana kunye nolwazi lwenkqubo yomthetho kunye nezo shishino ezimele zona. Nangona kungekho qeqesho olusemthethweni lokuba yi-lobbyist, iBhunga lezeMicimbi kaRhulumente kaRhulumente linikezela ngeNkqubo yeSatifikethi seMatriki, inkqubo eqhubekayo yemfundo enceda abo bonke amacandelo olwazi banokuphucula ulwazi lwabo lwenkqubo yomthetho kunye nokunyusa umsebenzi.
Abaninzi bama-lobbyist bafumana amava ngelixa bekholejini ngokuya kwiCapitol Hill. Jonga isikhokelo kuWashington, DC Izifundo - Ukuya kwiCapitol Hill.
Ngaba i-lobbyist kufuneka ibhaliswe?
Ukususela ngo-1995, uMthetho wokuLawulwa kweeLobbying (LDA) ufune abantu abahlawulwayo ukuba baxhomekeke kwi-federal level ukubhalisa noNobhala we-Senate kunye noMmeli weNdlu. Iifom ze-Lobbying, ii-lobbyists ezizimeleyo kunye nemibutho eqeshe ama-lobbyists kufuneka zifake iingxelo eziqhelekileyo zemisebenzi yokubambelela.
Zingaphi i-lobbyists zikhona eWashington, DC?
Ukususela ngo-2016, kukho ama-lobbyists abhalisiweyo angama-9,700 kumazinga karhulumente kunye namazwe.
Uninzi lweefomishini ezinkulu kunye neenkampani zokukhuthaza zifumaneka kwi-K Street kwiDowntown Washington, DC
Ziziphi iimingcipheko ezikhoyo kwizipho zabasebenzi be-Congress?
Isibonelelo esiphezulu sesibonelelo sesibonelelo sichaza ukuba ilungu leNgqungquthela okanye abasebenzi balo abangeke bamkele isipho esivela kwi-lobbyist ebhalisiweyo okanye nayiphi na inhlangano eqeshe ama-lobbyists. Igama elithi "isipho" libandakanya nayiphi na i-free, intando, isaphulelo, ukuzonwabisa, ukunyamekela, ukubolekwa kwemali mboleko, okanye enye into enexabiso lemali.
Iliphi igama elithi "lobbyist" elivela kuyo?
UMongameli u-Ulysses S. Grant waqulunqa igama elithi lobbyist ekuqaleni kwe-1800s. ISibonelelo sasinomdla kwi-lobby yeWillard Hotel eWashington DC kwaye abantu babeza kuye ukuze baxoxe ngezizathu ezithile.
Izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo malunga nokuLobbying
- Iimfihlakalo ezivulekileyo-iZiko lezopolitiko eziphendulayo-Isikhokelo esingazange sisebenzise ukuchithwa kwemali kwiimfuno zase-US kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo woluntu, kuquka ukubandakanya imisebenzi
- I-Ofisi yoMmeli - Ichaza iinkcukacha zoMthetho wokuXela ukuBhengeza uLobhi we-1995, inkqubo yokubhalisa
- Iprojekthi yoPhuhliso lweeRhulumenteni eziSebenzayo kuLawulo lweSizwe, i-watchdog ehamba phambili engabonakaliyo, ejongene nokuguqulwa koorhulumente ukwenzela ukufezekisa ulawulo olusebenzayo, oluvulelekileyo, oluvulelekileyo nolungqinelanayo.
- Lobbyingfirms.com