"Cajun" nelithi "Creole" yimiqathango oyibonayo kuyo yonke iNew Orleans naseMzantsi Louisiana. Kwimenyu, ngokukodwa, kodwa nakwiingxoxo zendalo, imbali, umculo kunye nokunye. Kodwa bathetha ntoni?
Yintoni "iCajun?"
Abantu baseCajun bayinzala yabahlali baseFransi-baseCanada abaqala ukuhlala eNova Scotia - indawo ababeyibiza ngokuba yi-Acadie - ngo-1605. Emva kweminyaka engama-150 yokulima nokuloba ngokubhekiselele kwi-Bay of Fundy, ezi Abantu baxoshwa xa iCanada yawela eBrithani.
Aba bantu - ase-Acadians - abahlakazekile. Abanye bafihla kufuphi, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kweMicmac Tribe, nabo babenobungane. Abanye bahamba ngeenqanawa: abanye ngokuzithandela, abanye bekunjalo, kwaye bahamba ngomkhumbi. Emva kweminyaka embalwa yokuhamba, bahlanganiswa xa babemenywe ngo-1764 ukuba bahlale kwikoloni yaseSpain yaseSpain.
Laba bantu, abafunde ukufama kunye neentlanzi kwiindawo ezibandayo zaseCanada, bahlala kwiindawo ezinqabileyo, ezise-bayou-laced ukuya eMzantsi naseNtshona kwi-colony encinci yaseNew Orleans. Badibanisa kunye nokwenza uluntu, kwaye ngaphezu kweminyaka ibandakanyekayo neempembelelo zenkcubeko esuka kubamelwane babo baseMelika baseMelika, kunye nabemi bahlala kwisiJamani, isi-Irish, iSpanish nesiNgesi, kunye nabantu baseAfrika, bobabini abagqila kunye nabakhululekile, abantu baseFransi.
Inkcubeko ephuhliswayo yasemaphandleni, ihlala ngokuloba kunye nokulima kwimimandla yonxweme enxwemeni, kunye neenkomo zenkomo eziphakanyisiwe kwiindawo zasemaphandleni ezihlala kuyo, eziye zafaka indawo eninzi eMzantsi Louisiana, ngaphandle kweendawo zokuhlala zaseNew Orleans kwaye kamva Baton Rouge.
Igama elithi "Acadian" lithetha ngesiNgesi ngokuthi "iCajun," kwaye lisetyenziswe ngokubanzi njengegama elide lide liphinde liphindwe ngexesha leCajun ukunyuka kwekratshi phakathi nekhulu lama-20.
Abantu baseCajun baxhomekeke kwii-francophone ngokusemthethweni (kwaye abaninzi banokuthetha isiFrentshi namhlanje, isicaciso esicacileyo kodwa ngokuvisisana ngokuqhelekileyo ngesiFrentshi nakwiCanada yesiFrentshi) kunye namaKatolika.
I-Cajun cuisine i-rustic, ixhomekeke kakhulu kwizilwanyana ezibhekiweyo kunye neentlanzi kunye nezonka zokutya zaselwandle kwaye zihlanjwe ngokucebile kodwa zingabi ziqholo kakhulu, ngokwemigangatho yamanye amazwe aseCaribbean kunye neendawo eziphantsi komhlaba. Ilayisi yi-starch eqhelekileyo, kodwa iifatata ezithambileyo zikhulile kwiindawo zeCajun kwaye zisetyenzisiwe kwiitya zokutya. Umculo weCajun uguquke ngokufanayo kumculo wase-Acadian wendabuko, ukongeza ama-accordion kwiindumiso zendabuko kunye nesimo esibuhlungu esivela kwiindawo zaseAfrika naseMelika.
Kufanelekile ukuphinda uphinde ubonise ukuba intliziyo yendabuko yenkcubeko yeKajun ayikho eNew Orleans, kodwa kunendawo yasemaphandleni yaseMzantsi Louisiana. Ngokuqinisekileyo abantu abaninzi baseCajun bahlala eNew Orleans ngoku, kodwa akusiyo indawo yeCajun yenkcubeko nayiphi na indawo yokutya, kunye neeCojun zokutya kunye neemvumi, ngokuqhelekileyo kuthetha, ukungenisa kwesi sixeko, kungeyona inxalenye yemveli yeso sixeko .
Yintoni isiCreole?
"IsiCreole," njengegama, linzima kakhulu kunokuba "iCajun," kuba ineenkcazelo ezininzi. Uninzi lweenkcazelo ezininzi, ngokwenene.
Inkcazelo elula kunye emfutshane (kodwa mhlawumbi encinci) incazelo ethi "Creole" "izalwe kwiikoloni." Kwiimvelaphi zakuqala ezivela kwiLolonia yaseColombia, uya kubona izibhengezo zamahhashi aseCreole (kubonwa ngamandla ngenxa yokuba azalwe kwaye akhuliswa ukushisa eLouisa), umzekelo.
Iitamatato zaseCreole zaqulunqwa ekuqaleni kwee-1900 njengeendidi ezinobungqina obukhula kakuhle e-Louisiana ukushisa.
Kodwa isiCreole saza kubhekisela kubantu baseYurophu abazalwa kwii-coloni zaseFransi naseSpain, kwaye kamva babedla abantu babantu abaxubene baseYurophu nabaseAfrika (kunye namaNative aseMelika). Kule nkalo, zombini ezi nkcazo zisenjalo. Uyakuva iingxelo kwi "Creoles ezimhlophe" okanye "iintsapho zaseCreole ezindala ," ezibonisa inzala ngqo yabemi baseFransi beza kuqala kwisixeko. Xa ukutya kuthethwa njengeCreole, ngokuqhelekileyo kukutya okuqhelekileyo kwendawo yoluntu, kodwa kukufanele ukukhumbule ukuba oku kudla ngokubanzi kuphuhliswe ngabasetyhini abagqila basebenza eikhitshini zabo, ngoko unempembelelo emininzi (cinga ngamasiki aseFrance kunye neAfrika kunye neNew World izithako, njenge-okra kunye nefayile).
I-Creole kwakhona lixesha lokubonakaliswa ngabantu abemibala ehlukeneyo yaseAfrika kunye neYurophu, kwakhona ngokubanzi kwiintsapho eziye zaseLouisana ukususela kwiintsuku zamakholoni. Zonke iincwadi zibhalwa malunga nobunzima beentsebenziswano zobuhlanga eNew Orleans, eziye zazingqongqo kwaye zingenakukwazi ukungenakwenzeka kuzo zonke iimbali zekholoni kodwa zanele ukuba zithi abantu abazibonakalisa njengeCreoles banalo ubunikazi obuhlukile kunabantu ukuzibonakalisa njengomnyama. (Kwaye ukudibanisa izinto ngokuqhubekayo, abaninzi abantu bachonga njengabo bobabini, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo abangaphandle abanalo indlela yokwenene yokwazi umahluko, ukuxakeka kobunzima kuyinkalo ebalulekileyo yecala elidumileyo likaPlessy noFerguson.) Impendulo emfutshane: ukuba akuveli apha, ungeke uyayiqonda. Kwaye kulungile.
Ukunyanzela izinto ngakumbi, abantu abaninzi bombala kwiCajun iLouthernana (okuthi, ininzi yaseMzantsi Louisiana ngaphandle kweNew Orleans kunye neBat Rou Rouge, kodwa ngokukodwa malunga neLafayette kunye neLake Charles) zizibonakalise njengeCreole, nokuba unomzali ongaphantsi kweYurophu. IsiCreole kwiCajun Country sithetha nje "i-African-American". Yilezi ziKreyili zasemaphandleni ezakha umculo we-zydeco kwaye ziyaziwa ngeenkcubeko zaseCreole, ezibandakanya ukukhwela kwendlela kunye neeklabhu zeenkomo ezikhoyo namhlanje. Ukutya kwamaCreole kufana nokutya kwe-Cajun kodwa kudla ukuba yinto encinci (nangona yonke into esikule sihloko, kukho ininzi yabapheki kubomi bobabini abaya kuphula umthetho).
Ukudibanisa izinto ngokuqhubekayo, abaninzi balaba bantu basekuhlaleni baseKreole baseNtsundu baye bahlala kunye nemizi, kodwa ngokuyininzi kwiidolophu ze-oil boom zaseLafayette, eLake Charles, eBeumont naseHouston, apho uphayona u-zydeco uClarfton Chenier wayehlala khona xa enza iirekhodi wanika uhlobo lwayo igama. Kodwa musa ukuphambuka ukuba inkcubeko yeziCreoles ezikhankanywe ngasentla zivela kwi-New Orleans - zifana namagatsha asasazekayo kwintsapho efanayo. Iilwimi zangaphambili ezidibeneyo ezidibeneyo zokudala i-zydeco, kwaye i-final yenze okufanayo kodwa yaphuma nge-jazz. Udidekile? Kulungile. Akulula.
Ukulungele ukudideka kokugqibela? Ngenxa yokuba iLouanaana yayingumlando weFrench, inomdla amaninzi angamaxabiso abahlali baseFransi kuze kube yile mini. Abanye abantu baseFrancophone-behla abantu baseLouaana bavela kulezi zixazululo zakutshanje (ezingezobukholoni) kwaye bazicingela ngokwabo iCajun okanye isiCreole, kodwa nje isiFrentshi, okanye, kwiNgqungquthela yaseFrench-French.
Impendulo emfutshane
Ukuba useNew Orleans, isiCreole sithetha i-fancy kunye neCajun ithetha i-rustic. Ukuba u-Acadiana (ilizwe laseCajun), isiCreole sithetha umnyama kunye neCajun kubamhlophe. Oku kunciphisa izinto ngokugqithisileyo kodwa kunika isakhelo esisisiseko sokuqonda ezi ngqiqo. Ngayiphi na indlela, ukuba ungowokuMzantsi Louisiana kwaye uva ngeCajun okanye iCreole yokutyela, mhlawumbi ukhuselekile ekucingeni ukuba ukutya kuya kuba mnandi.