Intshayelelo
Inqaba Enkulu ingenye yeempawu zelizwe ezihlala ziphela kodwa imbali yoLonga Olukhulu lweChina lugqithisa kakhulu kunokuba abantu abaninzi bayaziqonda.
Kwathatha Kangakanani Kangakanani Ukwakha Indonga Ekulu?
Lo mbuzo wonke umntu unomdla kwaye ndicinga ukuba kusekelwe kwingcamango jikelele yokuba iWall Wall yakhiwa yonke into. Kodwa akunjalo. Inqaba Enkulu yayiya kuthiwa yiMidonga Ekulu - njengokuba kusele namhlanje uluhlu lweendonga ezisele kwiiyure eziliqela zeChina yamandulo.
Njengoko uza kufunda apha ngezantsi, i-Great Wall - ukususela ekuqaleni kwayo ukuya kwinto esiyibonayo namhlanje - yayingaphantsi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwakha iminyaka engaphezu kwewaka lamawaka.
Uluphi Udonga Olukhulu?
Ngokuqhelekileyo becinga ukuba iNdonga enkulu yilo ludonga olude oluhamba ukusuka e-East China Sea phakathi kweentaba ezikumntla eBeijing. Enyanisweni, iNdonga enkulu ihamba ngeChina ehamba ngeekhilomitha ezingama-8 850 kwaye iyenziwa ngeendonga ezinxulumene kunye neChina ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye namagunya okulwa. Udonga Olukhulu o lubona kwiinkcukacha ezininzi ngodongeni lwexesha lakwaMing, olwakhiwe emva kwe-1368. Kodwa ke, "iNdonga enkulu" ibhekisele kwiindawo ezininzi zodonga ezakhiwe ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-2 000.
Kuqala
Ngo-6565 BC, udonga lwaseChu State, olubizwa ngokuba yi "Wall Wall" lwalwakhiwe ukukhusela uKhus kumakhelwane abomeleleyo ukuya ngasentla. Le nxalenye eludongeni ihlala kwiphondo lanamuhla leHenan .
Olu dongeni lwangaphambili lwalunxulumene nezixeko ezincinci kunye nomda we-Chu.
Ezinye iindibano zaqhubeka nokusebenza kokwakha izindonga kwimida yazo ukuzikhusela kubantu abangafunekiyo ukuya kutsho malunga ne-221 BC xa ngexesha leQin Dynasty, i-Great Wall, njengoko sikwaziyo ngoku, yaqala ukuthatha isimo sayo.
IQin Dynasty: "yokuqala" iWall Wall
I-Qin Shi Huang idibeneyo yaseChina ibe ngumbuso we-feudal ophakathi. Ukukhusela umbuso wakhe osanda kumiselwa, iQin yagqiba i-barricade enkulu yokukhusela. Wathumela iiligidi ezimalunga amajoni kunye nabasebenzi ukuba basebenze kule projekthi eya kuhlala iminyaka elithoba. Udonga olutsha lusetyenziswe izindonga ezikhoyo ezakhiwe ukususela phantsi kweChu State. Elitsha, iNdonga Ekulu, esenyakatho yeChina eqaliswe kwi-Today's Inner Mongolia. Ludonga lwale ludonga luhlala kwaye lube lukhulu olusenyakatho kunelo xesha lwanamhlanje (udonga lwe-Ming).
Inkosi yaseHan: iNdonga enkulu iWonge
Ngethuba le-Han Dynasty elandelayo (206 BC ukuya ku-AD 24), iChina yabona imfazwe kunye ne-Huns kunye nodonga lwadluliselwa kusetyenziswa inethiwekhi ekhoyo yeendonga ezindala enye iikhilomitha ezili-10 000 (6,213 miles) ukuya entshona kweChina, kwiphondo lamanje laseGansu. Eli xesha lalilixesha elona likhulu kakhulu lokwakha kunye noludonga olude kunabo bonke olwakhiwe.
Funda kabanzi malunga nokuvakashela iHan Dynasty Wall
AmaDynasties aseMntla naseMzantsi: iiWold Wall ezongeziweyo
Ngeli xesha, ukususela ngo-AD 386-581, ii-dynasties ezine zakhiwe zongezwa kwiLonga Elikhulu. I-Northern Wei (386-534) yongezwa malunga neekhilomitha ezili-621 (udolo-621) wodonga kwiphondo laseShanxi. I-Eastern Wei (534-550) yanezela enye iikhilomitha ezili-75 (47 iekhilomitha).
Inkosi yaseMntla Qi (550-577) yababona ubude obude bodonga ukususela kwixesha lamaQin neHan, malunga neekhilomitha ezili-1,500. Kwaye uMntla Zhou (557-581) umbusi waseDynastic uMlawuli Jingdi walungisa iWest Wall ngo-579.
UMing Dynasty: Ukubaluleka Kwebhotshane kufinyelela kuBugcisa obutsha
Ngethuba leMing Dynasty (1368-1644), iNdonga enkulu yaba ngumgaqo obalulekileyo wokukhusela kwakhona. UMlawuli uZhu Yuanzhang waqala ukulungiswa ekuqaleni kokulawula kwakhe. Wanikela unyana wakhe uZhu Di kunye nomnye wabaphathi bakhe ukuba balungise udonga olukhoyo kwaye bakhe izakhiwo kunye nezilindi. I-Wall enkulu ye-Ming ibe yindlela yokugcina amaMongol ahlasele esuka ngasentla esuka ekuhlaseleni nasekuhlaleni iBeijing. Kwiminyaka engama-200 eyalandelayo, udonga lwaluqiniswe ngokugqithiseleyo ekugqibeleni iikhilomitha ezingama-7 300 (ii-4,536 iekhilomitha).
I-Wall namhlanje
Ukwakhiwa kwodonga lwe-Ming yiyona nto ithetha ngabaninzi khenketho namhlanje.
Iqala e-Shanhai Pass kwiphondo laseHebei kwaye iphelela ngasentshonalanga kwiPeday ye-Jiayuguan kwiphondo laseGansu ekupheleni kweNxweme yeGobi. Akukho nto enokuyibona kwiiikhilomitha ezingama-500 ezidlulileyo (engama-310 miles) kungekho nto ihleliyo kodwa amatye aphukileyo kunye ne-rubble kodwa udonga (kwi-pre-Ming ifomu) lunokulandelwa njengoko uqhuba kwiPhondo laseGansu ukusuka eJiayuguan ukuya kwiYumenguan, ukungena "I-China" ehamba ngeSilik Road phantsi kweDynasty yaseHan.
Ukutyelela iNdonga enkulu
Ndiye kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zeGreat Great ukusuka kwiSango laseYumen, iJiayuguan kunye nayo yonke indlela eya kwiMing Wall enyakatho yeBeijing. Akungathandabuzeki ukuba uyavuya ukuhamba ngeenyawo kwaye ucinge ngexesha eliye ladlulayo ekubeni loo matye abekwe. Funda kabanzi malunga nokuvakashela iNdonga enkulu:
- Yumenguan (Isango likaJade ), iHan Dynasty ntshonalanga enkulu eWest Wall Point eChina
- I-Shuidonggou , udonga olungaphendulwanga lwamaxesha e -Ming oludlulileyo kwi-Inner Mongolia
- Mutianyu kunye nezinye iindonga zodonga lwe-Ming ngaseBeijing