Ukukhumbula iD-Day eFransi - ngoJuni 1944
Abahambi abathanda imbali bangaphinda baphile esinye seziza eziphambili zeMfazwe Yehlabathi II eNormandy, eFransi. Amaqela ahlangeneyo awela iNgesi YesiNgesi aze afike eNormandy ngoJuni 6, 1944. Umlambo uhambela i-Seine esuka eParis okanye i-sea cruise e-Le Havre okanye i-Honfleur ifanelekileyo ukutyelela iilwandle zase-Normandy zaseFransi. Eli nqaku lichaza uhambo olunxwemeni oluvela kumlambo okanye olwandle.
Endleleni eya kuma-D-Day amabhishi, uwela i-Normandy Bridge, enye yeebhanti zokumisa ezinde kakhulu emhlabeni. Iwela phezu koMlambo weSeine kufuphi nalapho uphala khona kwisiNgesi seNgesi. Lo mlambo uyafana noParis kodwa ukhulu kunokuba iParis isaphezu kweeyure ezintathu.
Enye yezinto zokuqala ezisePragasus Bridge, indawo yokuqala yokukhululwa yi-Allies ngoJuni 6, 1944, ukuhlasela. Ibhuloho i-Benouville kufuphi nase-Ouistreham. Kwathatha i-Allied imizuzu eyi-10 kuphela ukuba ithathe iBridge Pegasus, kwaye yayisebenzisa i-gliders. Ukuhlasela kwaqalwa phakathi kobusuku ngoJuni 6.
Iimbambano zazifuna ezinye iiveki ezintandathu ukuze zifake kufuphi neCaen e-Orne River. I-Pegasus Bridge yavuselelwa iminyaka emininzi edlulileyo kuba yayingephantsi kwamaloli anamhlanje. Ibhuloho entsha iyimifanekiso yokuqala, kuphela enkulu. Imvelaphi yasuka yasuka kwinqanaba elincinci leCaen liwela kwaye lihleli kumhlaba ophantsi kwembali ye-Pegasus Bridge.
Ngeeyure ezimbini zokuhamba ukuya kwibhulorho esuka eLe Havre, izikhokelo zinikeza iinkcukacha ezininzi malunga ne-D-Day kunye nokuba yiyiphi inxaxheba ekubhekiselele kwiFrentshi nakwiMfazwe. Banikezela ezinye iifumba zaseNormandy. Abo babone i-D-Day movie I-Longest Day iya kuqonda ukuba eli bhanya-movie lichanile ngokuchanekileyo ekubonakalisweni kwayo kweziganeko zikaJuni 6.
Ingcamango enhle yokubukela ibhayisikobho phambi kokutyelela eNormandy.
I-Normandy, njengamanye amaninzi eFransi, idume ngokutya kwayo. Iimveliso ezimbini zokutya ziyakhathalela kakhulu. Okokuqala, i-Normandy iyaphazamisa ngaphezu kweFransi, kwaye iidiliya azikhulumi kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, ii-apula zenza, kwaye amaFrentshi enza zombini cider kunye ne-apple brandy ebizwa ngeCalvados eNormandy. I-cider kuphela malunga ne-3% ye alcohol kwaye ifana nobhiya obumnandi. I-Calvados inamandla kakhulu kwaye kuthiwa yenza "i-Norman hole" esiswini sakho. Kuyinto yesiko ukuphuza iCalvados ngexesha lokubhiyozelwa kwemini emibini emishadweni kaNorman equlethwe ngokungaqhelekanga ukutya. Ngokweengcamango, iCalvados iyadingeka ukuzalela umhadi kwisisu sakho ukuze udle ngaphezulu!
Esinye isidlo saseNormandy abantu bathandana okanye banenzondo yilolu hlobo lwe-mode de Caen. Esi sidlo senziwa ngokubeka i-anyanisi kunye neerotyth ezantsi kwe-casserole, bese wongeza unyawo lwesantya esineqhekeza kunye nenyama yayo, phezu kwayo ibeka intambo yenkomo (amathumbu), igallic, iilki, kunye nemifuno. Lo mbuthano uhlanganiswe nge-apple cider kwaye - kuba uKaen uyisixeko saseNormandy - wagqitywa ngodumo lweCalvados. I-casserole itywinwa ngumbumba womgubo kunye namanzi kwaye ibhaka kwiiyure eziyi-10 ukuya kwi-12.
Ekugqibeleni, kubanjelwa kubanda kwi-terrine yayo.
Ixesha D-Day ngumhla wokuqala kwanoma yimuphi umkhosi wempi kwaye isetyenziswe ngabacwangcisi bempi ngenjongo yokuququzelela. Amabhishi aseNormandy ahlala kwiikhilomitha ezili-110 ukusuka eNgilani, xa kuthelekiswa no-19 kwindawo ekufutshane yokuwela ngaphaya kweCalais. AmaJamani aye nawo onke amachweba kunye neSiteshi saseNgesi ngokuqapha kakhulu, ngoko ii-Allies zakhetha ukuba nenxalenye enkulu yokuhlasela kweNormandy coast. Iindwendwe zihamba ngokuhamba ngaselunxwemeni endleleni eya kwiArromanches.
Zonke iibhenki zibukeka zinokuthula, kunzima ukucinga ukuba bekufuneka njani ukuba amajoni kunye nabemi belo xesha bahlasele.
U-Eisenhower wayefuna umda ophantsi, inyanga epheleleyo, kunye nemozulu efanelekileyo yokufika. Ngoko ke, ezo mfuno zikhawuleza ukuhlasela iintsuku ezintathu kuphela ngenyanga. Iimbambano ziphuma eNgilani ngoJuni 5, kodwa kwafuneka zibuyele ngenxa yemozulu embi. NgoJuni 6 kwakungcono kakhulu, kodwa uEisenhower wanikela phambili. Kuyathakazelisa ngokwaneleyo, iGeneral Rommel waseJamani yithatha uJuni 6 waza waya eJamani ukuyibona umfazi kuba yayingumhla wokuzalwa kwakhe. Wayengacingi ukuba ii-Allied zizama ukuhlasela iFransi kwiimeko ezinjalo zezulu!
Emva kokuqhubela phambili iilwandle ezintathu (Inkemba, iGolide kunye neJuno) yahlaselwa ngamaqela amabini aseBrithani angama-30,000 amajoni kunye nesigaba seCanada, ukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza kwezinye iidolophu ezinqabileyo zaseNormandy ezigcwele izitalato ezincinci kunye neentyantyambo ngaphambi kokufika e-Arromanches, indawo umangaliso wobunjineli - ichweba lokufakelwa.
Emva kokuhamba kwebala eliqhelekileyo elunxweme lwaseNormandy, i-museum encinci ingaba ngowokuqala. Kunomdla wokuva nokufunda iifayili malunga nechweba lobugcisa elakhiweyo kwiArromanches kwiintsuku zokuqala emva kokuhlasela. Nangona abaninzi abangekho iimbali zembali abazange bazive ngolu bunjineli, kukhangeleka, ingakumbi ukususela ekubeni kwakhiwe ngo-1944.
UWinston Churchill wayenobungqina bokubona isidingo sokudala ichweba lokufakelwa kwelokuhlala eNormandy. Wayeyazi ukuba amawaka emikhosi ehla kumaxweme eFransi ayenokuthi athathe kuphela izinto ezaneleyo (ukutya, iibhola, i-fuel, njl. Njl.) Iintsuku ezimbalwa. Ekubeni ama-Allies ayengazicwangcisi ukuhlasela iindawo ezinxweme ezisemntla zaseFransi, imikhosi yayiza kubandezeleka ngaphandle kokuqiniswa kwempahla. Ngako oko, iinjineli zathatha ingqiqo kaChurchill kwaye zakha iibhloko zekhonkrithi eziza kusetyenziswa ukudala ama-docks afunekayo kwi-port. Ngenxa yokufunwa okuyimfihlo, abasebenzi baseNgilani bakhela iibhloko ezinkulu ngaphandle kokuba bazi ukuba babenjani!
Iimyuziyamu zihleli ngqo kwindawo elunxwemeni e-Arromanches, kwaye ngokujonga ngaphandle iifestile ezihamba ngaphesheya kwembali lembali lemyuziyam, unokwazi ukubona iindawo zokuhlala zengxoworha yokufakelwa. Uninzi lwezandi ezinkulu zekhonkrit zazisetyenziselwa kwenye indawo emva kweMfazwe, kodwa zanele ezaneleyo ukuba zibone indlela ichweba elibuke ngayo. Inyuziyamu nayo inefilimu emfutshane kunye nemizekelo emininzi kunye nemizobo yokwakhiwa kwechweba.
Ngaphezulu nje kweebhloko ezithandayo zafunekayo ukudala ichweba kunye nechweba. Kwiintsuku zokuqala emva kokungena, ii-Allied zathatha iinqanawa ezindala zokudala amanzi.
Emva koko iibhloko ezakhiwe eNgilani zagqitywa ngaphesheya kweSikhulu seNgesi ukuya kwiiArromanches apho zazihlanganiswe khona kwiziko lokuzifaka. Ichweba yayisebenza emva nje kokungena.
I-Arromanches yayingeyena kuphela ichweba lokufakelwa elakhiweyo yiZivumelwano. Amakhweba amabini awakhiwa okokuqala kwaye athiwa yi-Mulberry kunye ne-Mulberry B. I-harbor e-Arromanches yayiyi-Mulberry B, ngoxa i-Mulberry yayisondele kufuphi ne-Omaha Beach apho amabutho aseMerika afike khona. Ngelishwa, nje iintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuba izibuko zakhiwe, isiqhwithi esikhulu sasihlasela. I-harbor e-Mulberry ibhujiswa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye i-Mulberry b ibonakaliswe kakhulu. Emva kwesiqhwithi, zonke ii-Allies kufuneka zisebenzise i-harbor e-Arromanches. Amachweba abizwa ngokuthi "i-Mulberry" kuba isityalo se-mulberry sikhula ngokukhawuleza!
Emva kokuhamba ngeenxa zedolophu encinane kunye nokutya, uhamba ngebhasi uhambo oluya kwiindawo zamabhishi aseMelika kunye namangcwaba.
Amangcwaba aseMelika kunye namanxweme ase-Normandy ahlaselwe yimikhosi yaseMerika zihamba kunye zikhuthazayo. Amagqabi ayenziwa yi-Eisenhower ukuba amaMerika afike umhlaba ahluke kakhulu kunokuba athathwe ngamaNgesi naseKhanada. Esikhundleni seendawo eziphangaleleyo, ububanzi bee-Omaha ne-Utah buphelile kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, kubangela ukuba abantu abaninzi babulawe kumabutho aseMerika. Abaninzi bethu baye babona ezi ntlanzi kwiimvumi nakwividyo zefilimu, kodwa abanakucinga ngokukrakra amajoni abavakalelwa xa bebabona okokuqala ukusuka elwandle.
Abangaphezu kwama-2,000 aseMelika bafa kwi-Omaha Beach.
IAmerican Cemetery e-Colleville Saint Laurent iyamangalisa njengoko uhamba ngeentloni phakathi kwamaKristu kunye namaYuda aseNkwenkwezi kaDavid. Ukubona amangcwaba amancinci amaninzi, amaninzi ebudeni behlobo lowe-1944, uhambela bonke abalapho. Amangcwaba akhankanya inxalenye ye-Omaha Beach kwaye uphakame phezulu kwintlambo ngombono omhle weSiteshi seNgesi. Amangcwaba angabonakaliyo agcinwa nguRhulumente waseMelika.
Isikhumbuzo esiya kumangcwaba sinemifanekiso ehlonipha abafileyo kunye nemifanekiso kunye neemephu zokuhlasela. Kukho intsimi enhle kunye neeThebhulethi ezingabikhoyo-uluhlu lwawo onke amajoni asweleke kwisenzo esifana neSikhumbuzo saseVietnam eWashington, DC. Amangcwaba amabini abazalwana baseNiland, intsapho ibali layo elikhunjulwa kwi-movie ethi "Ukulondolozwa kwe-Ryan yangasese" kufumaneka lula. Indodana kaMongameli uTodore Roosevelt ingcwatyelwe kwiConnville Saint Laurent, nangona engafanga ngexesha lokuhlasela kweNormandy.
Emva kokuchitha malunga neyure kumangcwaba, iindwendwe zibhodi ebhasi kwaye zihamba umgama omfutshane ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela, ePointe du Hoc. Le ngxondorha ephezulu ejongene nolwandle isele ininzi ivela kwiMfazwe, kwaye iPointe du Hoc yayiyindawo ebalulekileyo yokuhlalela abantu baseMerika. Imithombo yayixelele iAllies le ngongoma ibaluleke kakhulu ibhetri eninzi kunye nemibutho egcinwe.
Iimbambano zathumela i-Army Rangers ezingama-225 ukukhawuleza iindlafa kwaye zithathe iPointe. 90 kuphela. Ngokuthakazelisayo, enye yolwazi yenkcazelo yayilungile. Izibhamu zaseJamani zazingekho kwiPointe, zaye zafudlulela ngaphakathi kwaye zazingena kwindawo yokudubula ekulungele ukuhlaselwa amajoni aseMerika kwiiLwandle zase-Omaha nase-Utah. IRangers eyafika kwiPointe ngokukhawuleza yafudukela kumhlaba kwaye yakwazi ukutshabalalisa izibhamu phambi kokuba amaJamani angayifaka. Ukuba amaMerika angangenanga kwiPointe, bekuza kwenzeka kamva ngosuku (ukuba kukho konke) ngaphambi kokuba nayiphi na imikhosi ingathatha indawo yaseJamani, ngeyiphi ixesha iMerika yaseMerika, iinqanawa kunye nemikhumbi yokuhlawulela yayijoliswe kuyo, usenokusongela impumelelo yokuhlaliswa komhlaba kwiinkalo zonke zaseMerika, ngoko ke impumelelo yalo msebenzi wonke.
I-Pointe du Hoc ibonakala ngathi kufuneka ibe nayo kwiminyaka ngokukhawuleza emva kwemfazwe. Uninzi lwebunkers uhlala, kwaye unokubona imingxuma apho iigobolondo zaqhuma. Umhlaba awunalingani, kwaye iindwendwe zixelelwe ukuba zihlale emikhondweni yokuphepha i-ankle okanye zibi. Abantwana babedlala kwiibunkers ezindala, kwaye ezininzi zazo zidibaniswe ngongqungquthela lwee-tunnels zangaphantsi.
Iindwendwe zihlala kuphela e-Pointe du Hoc ngethuba elifutshane, kodwa lixesha elaneleyo lokufumana ingqumbo yokulwa apho.
Ingxenye kuphela embi kakhulu yosuku iza ekupheleni. Iholide engama-2.5 engazange ihambe ebuyela emkhombeni ibonakala ibude ngaphezu kohambo oluphumayo. Abaninzi banokuthi bahambe ngokufanelekileyo kwi-drive back to the ship, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba abanako ukukhululeka kwiindawo ezixinwe okanye ngenxa yosuku olukhunjulwayo abaye bafumana kumaLwandle aseNormandy.