Imbali kunye nezibalo zeNkundla yokuPhumela kwi-PA
Ukuphunyezwa njengendlela yohlwaywa ePennsylvania ibuyela emva kwexesha labaqolonti bokuqala bafika ekupheleni kwe-1600s. Ngelo xesha, ukuxhonywa koluntu kwakuyijelo elikhulu ngenxa yeentlobo zolwaphulo-mthetho, ezivela kwi-burglary kunye nokuphanga, ukukhwabanisa, ukudlwengulwa kunye nokuthengwa (ePennsylvania ngelo xesha, "ukuthengwa" okubhekiswe kwisini kunye nezilwanyana).
Ngomnyaka ka-1793, uWilliam Bradford, i-Attorney General yasePennsylvania yashicilela "Uphando Kwakuphi Ukugwetywa Kokufa Kuyimfuneko ePennsylvania." Ngaloo nto, wagxininisa ngamandla ukuba isigwebo sokufa sigcinwe, kodwa savuma ukuba kwakungeyona nto incedo ekukhuseleni ulwaphulo-mthetho oluthile.
Enyanisweni, wathi isigwebo sokufa senza ukuba kunzima ukufumana izigwebo, kuba ePennsylvania (kunye nazo zonke ezinye iindawo), isigwebo sokufa sasisigunyaziso kwaye amajelo awayi kubuyela kwisigwebo esinetyala ngenxa yeli qiniso. Ekuphenduleni, ngo-1794, umthetho we-Pennsylvania wasePennsylvania usuphelile isohlwayo semali kubo bonke ubugebengu ngaphandle kokubulala "kwinqanaba lokuqala," okokuqala ukubulala kwakuye kwaphulwa phantsi "kwiidridi."
Izilwanyana zomntu zanda ngokukhawuleza zakhula zaba izibuko ezintle kwaye ngo-1834, iPennsylvania yaba yindawo yokuqala kumanyano ukuqeda la macala. Kwiminyaka emashumi asibhozo alandelayo, i-county nganye yenza "ama-hangings" abucala kwiindonga zentolongo.
Ukubulawa kweSihlalo Sombane ePennsylvania
Ukusetyenziswa kweemeko ezinkulu kwakuba ngumsebenzi welizwe ngo-1913, xa isihlalo sombane sithatha indawo yomthi. Ukumiswa kwiNkundla yokuLungiswa kweSizwe e-Rockview, kwiCentral County, isihlalo sombane saqanjwa ngegama elithi "Old Smokey." Nangona isijeziso senkunzi sagunyaziwe ngumthetho ngo-1913, akukho sihlalo okanye isikhungo esilungele ukuhlala kude kube ngo-1915.
Ngomnyaka we-1915, uJohn Talap, umbulali osolwa ngokusuka eMontgomery County, wayengumntu wokuqala obulawe esihlalweni. Ngo-Aprili 2, 1962, u-Elmo Lee Smith, omnye owatholwa ngumbulali waseMontgomery County, wayengowokugqibela wabantu abangama-350, kuquka nabasetyhini ababini, ukuba bafe kwisihlalo sombane sasePennsylvania.
I-Lethal Injection ePennsylvania
NgoNovemba 29, 1990, iGov.
URobert P. Casey watyikitya imithetho eguqulela indlela yasePennsylvania yokuphumeza ukusuka kwi-electrocution ukuya kwi-injection ebulalayo kwaye ngo-Meyi 2, 1995, uKeith Zettlemoyer waba ngumntu wokuqala obulawa ngumjovo obulalayo ePennsylvania. Isihlalo sombane saphendulelwa kwiKomishoni yasePennsylvania yaseMelika kunye neMyuziyamu.
I-Pennsylvania Penalty Statute
Ngomnyaka we-1972, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseNepennsylvania yasePennsylvania yagweba kwi-Commonwealth v. Bradley ukuba isigwebo sokufa sasingahambelani nomthetho, sisebenzisa njengento yokuqala kwisigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo sase-US eFurman v. Georgia. Ngelo xesha, kwakukho amacala amabini abulalayo ejele lasePennsylvania. Bonke basuswe emgceni wokufa baza bagwetywa ubomi. Ngowe-1974, umthetho wavuswa ngethuba elide, ngaphambi kokuba iNkundla ePhakamileyo ye-PA iphinde imemezele ukuba umthetho awuhambisani nomthetho kwisigqibo sikaDisemba 1977. Ipalamente yesigqeba yakhawuleza iqulunqa entsha inguqu, eyaqala ukusebenza ngoSeptemba 1978, phezu kweveto yeRhuluneli Shapp. Lo mthetho wesigwebo sokufa, ohlala usasebenza namhlanje, uye waphakanyiswa kwizibheno ezimbalwa zakutshanje kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo ye-US.
Kufuneka njani iPhulo lokuFulwa ePennsylvania?
Isigwebo sokufa singasetyenziselwa kuphela ePennsylvania kwiimeko apho ummangalelwa efunyanwa enetyala lokubulala.
Ukuphulaphula okuhlukeneyo kuqhutyelwe ukuqwalaselwa kwezinto ezinzima kunye neemeko ezincinci. Ukuba ubuncinci kwiimeko ezilishumi ezihlaziyiweyo zichazwe kumthetho kwaye akukho nanye kwezi zinto ezithintelayo zokuba zikhona, ukuba isigwebo simele sife.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo sisigwebo esisemthethweni ngumgwebi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho ukulibaziseka phakathi kwesigwebo sesigwebo kunye nesigwebo esisesikweni njengoko iimvo zengqesho emva kweesilingo zivakala kwaye ziqwalaselwa. Ukuhlaziywa ngokuzenzekelayo kwimeko ngeNkundla ePhakamileyo yeNtshona ilandela isigwebo. Inkundla inokuxhasa isigwebo okanye ukuphuma kwisigwebo sokuphila.
Ukuba iNkundla ePhakamileyo iqinisekisa isigwebo, le nkundla iya kwiHhovisi likaRhu lumente apho lihlaziywa ngumcebisi ngokusemthethweni kwaye, ekugqibeleni, yiGranta ngokwayo. Kuphela iRhuluneli inokubeka umhla wokuqalisa, owenziwe ngokusayinwa kwesazisi esibizwa ngokuba yiWarrant Warrant.
Ngokomthetho, zonke iziganeko zenziwa kwiziko leeNkundla zoLwaphulo lukaRhulumente e-Rockview.