Inkulu yaseChicago 10: I-Downtown Architecture yohambo

01 ngo-10

Yeka 1: I-Art Institute yaseChicago

I-Chicago ikhaya kwikhampani ebalulekileyo ye-United States. Kwakukho nobunzima bokubumba obusekwe nguWilliam Le Baron Jenney obizwa ngokuba yiSikolo sase-Chicago, okwakubangele kwiindawo ezininzi ezibonakalayo zeChicago. Ukuthatha uhambo lokuhamba ngokuklama e-Chicago kuyindlela enhle yokufumana isixeko kwaye ufumene iinkcukacha ezincinane ezenza ukuba kube lula. Ukutyelela okulungileyo ukuqala kunye nokujonga kwezinye izakhiwo kwindawo esecaleni laseLoop.

Ukuma kuqala ku-Chicago Institute of Art respected (111 S. Michigan Ave.). Ngowe-1891, abakhi bezakhiwo uJohn Root noDaniel Burnham banikezwa uxanduva lokujongana nokwakhiwa kwinqanaba laseChicago kwi-World's Columbian Exposition ngo-1893. Umcangco wacinga ukuba uyilo olusesikweni namhlanje, oluhambisana nokunyuka kweSikolo saseChicago, kodwa uRoot wafa ngokukhawuleza imiphunga ngaphambi kokuba kwakhiwe ukwakhiwa. UBurnham kunye nabanye batshintshile i-Root's designs kwi-design ne- Neoclassical Arts Beaux-Arts , eyaziwayo kakhulu kwi-Art Institute. Isakhiwo sinomlinganiso, sininzi lwee-arches, ipas-relief relief panels kunye namakholomu afana nesitayela. Ukuba ukhangele phezulu kweso sakhiwo, amagama amacandelo amaninzi adumile aqoshwe elitye-into encinci yokucinga kwinqanaba labenzi - njengokuba akukho namnye wabaculi abaye benza imisebenzi eboniswe kumyuziyam.

Ngasenyakatho, iWing Wing yamanje , kwaye idizayini yayo yiplani yeRenzo Piano ihluke kakhulu kwisakhiwo esikhulu.

Hlola oku: Iingonyama ezidumile zeemyuziyam ezifake i-staircase zibonakala zifana neyokuqala, kodwa azinjalo. Ingonyama ekupheleni kwemazantsi "ibonakala kwisimo sengcikivo" kwaye ingonyama yokumntla isenyakatho "isekelwe."

Imbulelo ekhethekileyo kuMargaret Hicks evela kwiChicago Architecture Foundation ngokukhokelwa kwakhe kule projekthi.

- i-Chicago Travel Expert Audarshia Townsend

02 ngo 10

Yeka 2: ILebhuwari yaseHarold Washington

Landela iNyuvesi yaseMichigan enye yezitalato ezisezantsi ukuya kuJackson, uwele ngaphesheya kwendlela yesitalato, jikela ngakwesokudla uze uye eNkundleni yasePlymouth. Khangela ngakwesokhohlo kwaye uza kubona iLebhulophu yaseHarold Washington (400 S. State St) ephakama ngaphezu kweendlela zokuqeqesha. Kwavulwa ngo-1991 kwaye ngeli xesha isakhiwo esikhulu samathala eencwadi emhlabeni jikelele, isakhiwo sebali ezili-10 sabizwa ngokuba nguMeya kaMeorge waseHichiya u-Harold Washington, owamncedisa ukuqalisa umhlaba, kodwa wafa ngaphambi kokuba isakhiwo sigqitywe.

Nangona iLebhuwari yaseHarold Washington ibonakala ngathi i-messaging, i-hodgepodge isitayela impela i-Chicago; ukuyila kwakungeke kufane naluphi na ilizwe kweli lizwe. Ngaphambili isitena kunye neefestile zayo ezigqithisayo kunye neengqungquthela zibonakalisa i-style yeBeaux yobuGcisa ejikeleze isixeko, kwaye ukuba uhamba ngezakhiwo uza kubona ukuba izitena zingumfanekiso. Amacandelo anesininzi nesitrasi esibhekiselweyo namhlanje, igosa likaMies van der Rohe . Isibhengezo esakhiweni siquka ubuso beCeres - unkulunkulukazi ongumRoma wezityalo ezikhulayo-kunye nommbila kunye nembewu yamanani, okubonakalisa imbali ye-Farm's rich farming.

03 ngo 10

Yeka 3: ISakhiwo saseMonadnock

Hlahla phantsi uJackson iindlela ezincinane entshonalanga kwiDearborn Street kwaye uza kuzifumana phambi kweZakhiwo zaseMonadnock (53 W. Jackson Blvd.). Ngeentsika ezingama-197 kwaye zakhiwe ngo-1893, ngokubanzi zibonakala njengeyona ndawo yokuqala yehlabathi. Nangona abanye bengakufumanisa ukuba kunokuxhatshazwa, yintoni inyaniso kukuba isakhiwo esona side kunazo zonke sisekelwa ngokupheleleyo ngeendonga zobumbano ngokungafani nezixhobo zensimbi ezisetyenziswa namhlanje.

Iindonga ezantsi kweso sakhiwo zinamanqina angama-6 ukuze zikwazi ukusingatha ubunzima besakhiwo. Iindonga zangaphandle zijika ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziqonde ngqo phambi kokuba uphumele ngaphandle phezulu. Le ngqungquthela, kunye neefestile zincinci zincinci, yiyo kuphela ukukhawulwa kwesaziso kwisakhiwo.

04 we-10

Yeka 4: ISikole saseburhulumenteni

Ngokukhawuleza ngaphesheya kwesitrato ukusuka eMonadnock yiKluczynski Federal Building (230 S. Dearborn St.), eyenzelwe ngumakhi owaziwayo uMies van der Rohe . "Ubuncinci kakhulu" isitayela saseBauhaus sisiboniso ngokupheleleyo apha. Izakhiwo ezimbini ezide ezakha iziko zikhulu, ii-hulks ezimnyama zeglasi kunye nentsimbi. Ngokungafani nezinye iiplaza kwisixeko esinemithombo, ubuncwane kunye neendawo zokuhlala, i-plaza kwi-Federal Centre iyabanda, ingabonakali kwaye indawo yokuhlala encinci inayo i-slabs ebini ye-marble, kunye ne-post office yebhite enye, yonke into ivakalelwa kakhulu.

Kodwa oko akuthethi u-van der Rohe wayengenayo iliso ngeenkcukacha. I-lobby yolondolozo yonke yayingummangaliso kakhulu, ukubopha kwiitriki ze-granite ze-plaza ukuya kwiindonga ze-granite kwi-lobby. Imibala emnyama ephakamileyo ecaleni kweso sakhiwo, ngelixa ikhangeleke kakhulu kwimveliso, iyigqabiso.

Hlola oku: Njengesivumelwane sokuzinikezela kukaV van der Rohe kwiinkcukacha, hlala kwi-plaza uze ubhekane nesakhiwo. Ngelihlo lakho, landela nayiphi na umgca phakathi kweetranki ze-granite uze ubone ukuba zidibanisa ngokugqibeleleyo kunye ne-i-imisebe ukudala umgca oqhubekayo ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya kwiphakamileyo.

05 we-10

Yeka 5: Isakhiwo seNsimbi yeZakhiwo

Hamba isibini esithintela ngasentla kwi-Dearborn kuya kwi-Monroe, kwaye kwikhoneni le-northeast yiSakhiwo sase-Inland Steel Building (30 W. Monroe St.). Eyakhelwe ngo-1957, esi sakhiwo sithunyiswa njengento yokungena kweChicago kwisakhiwo samandulo emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Kwakhona kwahlukana nokuba yindawo yokuqala yezakhiwo ekwakhiweni eChicago emva kokuPhukisa okukhulu kwiinyanga ezingama-20 kunye neminyaka ngaphambili.

Ukulungelelaniswa ukuba lwakhiwe njengekomkhulu kwenkampani yenkampani yecimbi, i-outer out has a cladding steel steel. Isakhiwo ngokwayo senziwe ngamalungu amabini ahlukeneyo - inqaba egqityiweyo kwizindlu zendawo e-Dearborn, ngelixa inqaba ukuya empuma iqukethe zonke izinto eziphakamileyo kunye nezibonelelo. Olu qulunqo lwavumela ukuba isakhiwo seofisi sixhaswe kuphela ngamakholomu angaphandle, ukuvumela indawo yeofisi ukuba ivule ngokupheleleyo ukuba ifikelele kwisicwangciso esicwangcisiweyo somqeshi.

Khangela oku: Iqhekeza elincinci lensimbi elincinci elincinci elingaphantsi kwefestile alikho nje ukuhlobisa - liye lafakwa ekuncedeni ukunciphisa umphumo wokubhaliweyo wegumbi eliqinileyo elingaphantsi komgca weglasi elinike bazive bengakwazi ukuwa. Ifomu ilandela umsebenzi "ukunqoba kwakhona.

06 ngo 10

Yeka 6: I-Carson Pirie Scott Building

Hamba empumalanga kwi-Monroe ukuya kwi-State Street, kwaye uza kufumana i- Carson Pirie Scott Building , eyenzelwe nguLouis Sullivan .

Eyakhelwe ngo-1899 kwaye yathengiswa kuCosonon Pirie Scott ngo-1904, yayiyindawo enkulu yokuthengisa indawo kude kube yilapho iVieton ivaliwe ngo-2007. Isakhiwo sisakhiwo ssimbi, evumela ukuba iifestile ezibanzi, ezisezantsi zibone ukukhanya kwendalo kunye neendawo ezibonakalayo zokubonisa iimpahla. Inqaba ende ejikelezileyo ekwakhiweni kwekona yokwakhiwa kwenkcenkcesha yensimbi eyenza ilitye lezithuthi ezivela kwiState zombuso kunye neMadison - omnye umzekelo "ifom ulandela umsebenzi."

Khangela oku kulandelayo: Emva kokuba uCrownon avaliwe kwaye waphuma, abanikazi bezakhiwo baphinda bathiwa yiSullivan Centre. Ngenxa yokuba yayiyi "Building Buildings" iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100, igama elitsha liyakuthi lithathe isizukulwana okanye amabini ukuze bafikelele.

07 ngo 10

Yeka 7: Ukwakhiwa kokuthembela

Kwinqanaba lesitrato ukusuka kwiZakhiwo zeKaronson kwinqanaba le-worst west of State kunye neWashington yiZakhiwo ezithembekileyo (1 W. Washington St.), iNational Historic Landmark. Eyilwe nguCharles Atwood, umyili wezakhiwo e-Daniel Burnham, owaziwa njengowesiqalo sokuqala ekwakhiweni ngeglasi njengengxenye ebalulekileyo yecafa yayo, okuyiyo eyenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo namhlanje. Ukugqitywa ngo-1895, ngumzekelo wokuqala we "Chicago School" yoyilo. Isakhiwo okwakhiwa i-Hotel Burnham kunye ne-Atwood, ngokucacileyo ukuba i-History of Reliance's architectural history.

08 ngo 10

Yeka 8: Isakhiwo sikaMarshall Field

Emuva ngaphesheya kwempuma ye-State Street, iSakhiwo saseMarshall Field kunye namawashi ayo aqhelekileyo kunye neefestile zeeholide yeso sibini isakhiwo esikhulu esitolo sevenkile kwihlabathi. Umhlaba weMbali oyiNational Historic Landmark, isakhiwo sokuqala sakhiwo sakhiwa ngo-1879 kwaye emva koko songezwa ukuba sibe sakhiwo esikhulu kakhulu namhlanje, ukuzalisa isiqithi sonke sixeko. Kwakuyikhaya le-Marshall Field neNkampani ye-flagship esitolo ukususela ngowama-2006, xa iqhosha lixutywe ekuhlanganiseni kunye neeSitolo zeeFederated Department kwaye yaba yi- Macy's storeship yaseCchic esitolo . Ngokuchasene nembali yesakhiwo, iFederated yashiya "iiplathi zegama le-Marshall Field kunye neNkampani" eziqhotyoshelwe kwicala lesakhiwo.

Khangela oku kulandelayo: Qiniseka ukuba uyeke kwi-atrium ye-five-story engxenyeni esezantsi-ntshona yesakhiwo, ephethe i-Tiffany glass mosaic.

09 we-10

Yeka 9: I-Aon Centre

Intloko empuma kwi-Madison ukuya kwi- Millennium Park , kwaye uya kufumana i- Aon Centre (eyayisisakhiwo sase-Amoco, kunye neSakhiwo soMgangatho we-oyile phambi kwalo). Egqitywe ngowe-1973, i-Aon Centre yindawo yesithathu esona side kunazo zonke eChicago. Kwakuqhutywe kwindawo yayo yesibili kwindawo emva kwe- Willis Tower ngo-2008 emva kokuba iTrum Tower yakhiwa.

Inkqubo yokwakha eyayisetyenziselwa ukwakha i-Aon Centre yayifana neNqaba yeZorhwebo zoLuntu kwiSixeko saseNew York, kwaye inesimo esifanayo sendawo ebonakalayo. Amacandelo esakhiwo ayenxibe e-marrari yaseCarrara yaseNtaliyane, kodwa abaqulunqa basebenzise ama-slabs ayencinci kakhulu ebonakaliswe yimpazamo eyimfuneko-emva kweminyaka yemilinganiselo ye-stopgap, abanini bezakhiwo bekufuneka baqulunqe isakhiwo sonke i-granite esikhundleni se-$ 80 yezigidi.

10 kwi-10

Yeka i-10: I-Avenue Avenue Cliff

Intloko ngasezantsi eMichigan Avenue kwaye uza kubona iKlaff Dwellers Club , eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-Historic Michigan Boulevard District. Ukwandisa ukusuka kwiRandolph Street ngasezantsi ukuya kwi-11th Street, kulula ukubona indlela eyayifumana ngayo i-moniker yayo. Izakhiwo zidibanisa ngokungafani nendawo yazo yokwakha izakhiwo, zonke zihamba ngendlela efanayo ukusuka kwisitrato, kwaye zinika i-streetcape yesigcawu esihle. Hlahla ibhloko enye kwaye uza kubuya apho uhambo lwethu luqalisiwe khona, i- Art Institute yaseChicago .