I-Bletchley Park - Imbali Yembali iqhubeka:
I-Bletchley Park, malunga neekhilomitha ezili-50 kumntla-ntshona yeLondon, ibukeka njengendlu yasekhaya yaseRussia yaseBuettori eyayisemva kwexesha. Eyakhelwe iSixeko esiTyebi saseMondon ngo-1883, kwakuza kutshabalaliswa xa urhulumente waseBrithani, ecaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, athola enye injongo. Kuyo yonke iMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini kwaye ukuya kwiminyaka yokuqala yeMfazwe yeCold, i-Bletchley yesiqhelo, ukubonakala kwekhaya kwakuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwayo kwangempela-ukunyanzela - injongo eyahlala ivalwe kwi-Secrets Official Secret Act iminyaka.
Kuba apha, emva kweengcango ezivaliweyo kwaye zifihlile ubunzulu phakathi kweendawo ezingama-60 zama-acre, amabhendi aseBrithani aqhekeze iikhowudi ze-Enigma zeJamani eJamani.
Ngoku, kwiMyuziyam yaseBletchley Park kunye neNational Codes Centre , loo ngxelo emfihlakeleyo iyaxelwa.
Yayiyintoni Into Enigma ?:
I-Enigma yayiyimashini yokudibanisa eyenziwa ngamaJamani phakathi kweMfazwe yeSizwe yokuqala neyesibini. Kwakubonakala ngathi kufana nomshini wokubhala kodwa, ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwezixhobo ezijikelezayo zogesi kunye neenjini ezijikelezayo, iileta okanye ukudibanisa iileta zinokutshintshwa zibe ngabafakiweyo abakhethiweyo. Iikhowudi zazinzima kunokuba zenzele enye incwadi enye. Enyanisweni, kwakukho, amakhulu amakhulu ezigidi - mhlawumbi nakwiibhiliyoni-ezinokudibanisa. Isitshixo, sitshintshile imihla ngemihla, sivule ikhowudi ukwenzela ukuba imilayezo ifakwe kwaye iqondwe. Ukuvula ukusetyenziswa kweempawu ze-Enigma zenze igalelo elikhulu ekunqobeni i-Allies kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II.
Ngubani ovule iikhowudi ze-Enigma ?:
Ngo-2000, abagxeki bebritish baseBrithani babememeza ngefilimu yaseMerika, u-U-517 (Qhathanisa amaxabiso), malunga ne-gung ho, i-American crewine crew ekuthunjeni umshini woku-Enigma owaphuthuma ukuphela kwemfazwe e-Atlantic.
Wonke umntu waseBrithani, wayesazi, ukuba yayiyiRoyal Navy eyayibambe umshini kwaye yayiyi-codebreakers eBletchly Park eyayiyivula-ibali elinexesha elizayo ngonyaka we- Enigma (Thelekisa amaxabiso), umboniso nge Kate Winslet esekelwe kwi-Wartimetime enigma Enigma, nguRobert Harris.
Enyanisweni, zombini iifilimi zazisekelwe kumabakala enyaniso. Imiyalezo yesigidimi yayifundwa ekuqaleni kowe-1940 emva kokuba ezinye ivili zamasondo zifakwe kumaxhoba ase-German U-boat ephuma eScotland. Kwaye ngo-1941, iBritish Royal Navy Commandos yathatha iindidi ezininzi ze-Enigma kunye nezitshixo-ukusuka kwintlambo yokuloba e-Norway kunye nasemva kwe-U-110.
Kodwa ngoJuni 1944, iqela le-US Navy Task Group lithatha umshini we-Enigma kunye neencwadi zekhowudi ukusuka kwesinye isikebhe sase-German, u-U-505, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-WWII codebreaking.
Kwaye, ukunikezela ngetyala apho i-credit efuneka khona, iipolakeraker zasePoland zase zi sebenze kwiikhowudi ze-Enigma kuma-1930, ngaphambi kokuba imfazwe imfazwe. Badlula ulwazi lwabo kwiFrentshi abesebenzelana nabo baseBrithani.
Inyaniso kukuba, kwakukho iimishini ezininzi ze-Enigma kunye nenkqubo yokuphambanisa iikhowudi zabo zaqhubeka-ikakhulukazi eBletchley Park - yonke imfazwe.
Yintoni Ongayibona kwiBletchley Park ?:
- Oomatshini aba-Nine Enigma, kuquka omnye oboleke ngemali evela kwi-National National Crytologic Museum; elinye, lisetyenziswe kwiMfazwe Yesizwe yaseSpain ngokubolekwa kwiMyuziyam yoLuntu yaseSpain eToledo, eSpain, kunye ne-Abwehr Enigma engaqhelekanga esetyenziswa yi-SS yaseJamani.
- I-SG41 - umshini waseJamani omele ukufaka indawo ye-Enigma. Lo mshini unyanisile iingcali eBletchley
- I-Colossus, ukufundwa kwee-tape zakuqala, ikhompyutha yokuphula ikhompyutha kunye nekhompyutha yokuqala yekhompyutha. I-Colossus yasiza abalawuli be-Allied ukuqinisekisa ukuba amaJamani ayewa ngenxa yokungafani nento eyafihla ukuhlaliswa kwe-D-Day.
- Umshini weBombe owakhiwe kwakhona, enye ikhompyutha yokuqala, eyenza ukuba i-decoding imiyalezo emikhulu ye-Enigma imiyalezo inokwenzeka.
- Uluhlu lweemiboniso ezixela ibali leBletchley Park, zeentlola, iimfihlelo kunye nokuthunywa okudityanisiweyo, kunye nemiboniso ephuma kwixesha lemoto kunye neeys ukuze zidibanise ngobuchule iiseti ezingenazintambo zexesha lokulwa.
- I-Ofisi yePostile yangasese, eyabakhonze aba-12 000 abahlala kwaye basebenze eBletchley Park kodwa bahlala beyimfihlo kuze kube nguxwebhu lowe-1998.
- Imyuziyam yeSizwe ye-Computing - inhlangano ehlukeneyo, eneentlawulo ezizimeleyo zokwamkelwa, ezibonisa umlando we-computer wokuqala we-computer, uphuhliso lweempawu kunye noomatshini.
U-Alan Turing - I-Blechley Park ye-Unsung Hero:
U-Alan Turing wayengumqondo wezakhono ze-geeni, isayensi yekhompyutha kunye ne-cryptanalyst. Wayengumvulindlela wokuqala wekhompyutheni apho umshini weTuring, ngowe-1930, wawungumzekelo wokuqala wokusebenza kwikhompyutha. Ngokwenene waqulunqa imiqondo ye "algorithm" kunye "nokubala". U-Turing wamnceda ngokugqibeleleyo umshini webombe owaqulunqa amawaka wamkela imiyalezo eBletchley. NgoJanuwari 1940, umshini we-bongo ococekileyo waqulunqa umyalezo wokuqala we-Enigma.
Kodwa nangona eyaziwa kakuhle kunye negalelo lexesha lemfazwe, ibali likaTuring lenye yeentlekele zembali yesini. UTuring wayengumntu ongqingili owamkelekileyo ngexesha apho izenzo zesini zobundlobongela zatshutshiswa eBrithani. Ngomnyaka we-1952 watshutshiswa ngenxa yokungahambi kakubi emva kokuxela ukuphulwa kwephulo-mthetho ngumntu osemncinini owayenomtshato omfutshane naye. Wayegwetywa kwaye, njengenye indlela isigwebo sento, wathabatha unyango ngamahomoni wesifazane. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, ngowe-1954, wafa nge-cyanide yetyhefu. Nangona i-coroner yalawula ukubulawa kwakhe, unina kunye nabanye abahlobo bakholelwa ukuba yingozi. Ngonyaka ka-2009, ngoko uNdunankulu uGordon Brown, wakhupha uxolo lukawonke-wonke ngo-Turing 'olumangalisa' unyango.
Unokufunda okungakumbi malunga noTuring, ubomi bakhe kunye negalelo ekwakheni i-cryptology kunye nesayensi yekhompyutha kwiBletchley.
Ngubani Oya Kuvuyela Ukutyelela iBletchley Park ?:
Iikhompyutheni zekhompyutha, abalandeli beembali zasemkhosini, izibalo kunye nezibalo zeembali ziya kufumana ukutyelela eBletchley Park. Iintlola zeJunior kunye ne-cryptogram abalandeli bayakuyithanda imicimbi yeziganeko, iintsuku zentsapho, iintsuku zokuqala, ukuboniswa kwexesha, kunye neendwendwe ezikhokelwayo zigcina iBletchley Park inomdla kwamanye amalungu entsapho afuna ukufumanisa ukuba bayabathanda i-codebreaking emva kwabo bonke.
Iimfuno zeeNgqungquthela zeBletchley Park kunye neNational Museum of Computing:
Bletchley
- Kuphi: I-Mansion, iBletchley Park, iSherwood Drive, iBletchley, iMilton Keynes, iMK3 6EB. Ukuba usebenzisa i-SatNav, sebenzisa idilesi yesitalato kodwa kungekho ikhowudi yeposi, engakhokelela ekukholeni.
- Ifowuni: +44 (0) 1908 640404
- Ukwamkelwa: Abadala, ukunikezelwa kwamatiti kunye netyitile yabantwana 12-16. Abantwana abangaphantsi kwe-12 bavunyelwa ukuba bakhululeke kunye namaqela abantwana ngabalungiselelo.
- Iiyure: Ngemihla ngaphandle kweKrisimesi ngoSuku lweSigqeba kunye noSuku lweMinyaka elitsha. Iiyure zasebusika, ngo-9: 30 ekuseni ukuya ku-4pm ukususela ngoNovemba 1 ukuya kuFebhu.28. Ukuvulwa kwehlobo ku-5pm ukusuka ngoMatshi 1 ukuya kuOctober 31
- Iwebhusayithi
- Izixhobo: I- Cafe eHut 4, apho i-codebreakers ye-Naval yasebenza. Ihotele ezikhokelwayo zibandakanya intengo yokungena.
IMyuziyam kaZwelonke yeMicomputer
- Kuphi: Vimba H kwiBletchley Park
- Inkcukacha ngokubanzi Ifowuni: +44 (0) 1908 374708
- Ukwamkelwa: Iimali ezahlukileyo zokwamkelwa kwazo zonke i-TMOC okanye, zancitshiswa, kwiColossus naseTunny. Imirhumo yeemvume kubadala kunye nabafundi. Abantwana abangaphantsi kwe-12 bekhululekile. Ababhenkethi kwi-TMOC kuphela akumele bahlawule imali yokungeniswa kweBletchley Park ukungena kwiBletchley Estate.
- Iiyure: I- Colossus kunye neTunny (enye indlela yokupasa ikhowudi yeWWII) ivule yonke imihla. Olunye umboniso oLwesine kunye neMigqibelo ukusuka ngo-1 ukuya ku-4 ntambama ebusika kunye no-5pm ehlobo
- Iwebhusayithi
- Izixhobo: Ikhofi kunye nevenkile yokukhumbula, iindwendwe ezikhokelwayo kwiimali ezahlukileyo.