I-Malaria yisifo esibhubhisayo esichaphazela iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo sisasazwa yimiyane yase- Anopheles . Iintlobo ezinhlanu ezahlukileyo ze-malaria zihlaselwe ngabantu, apho iP. falciparum yingozi kakhulu (ingakumbi kubafazi abakhulelweyo nabantwana abancinci). Ngokombiko osandul 'ushicilelwe yiWorld Health Organization, i-malaria ibangele ukufa kwabantu abangama-445,000 ngo-2016, kunye ne-91% yokufa kwabantu e-Afrika.
Kwimiba engama-216 yezigulana ze-malariya ezixelwe ngonyaka ofanayo, i-90% yenzeke e-Afrika.
Izibalo ezifana nalezi zibonakalisa ukuba i-malariya enye yezona zifo ezifa kakhulu kwilizwekazi-kwaye njengendwendwe e-Afrika, usengozini. Nangona kunjalo, ngezilumkiso ezifanelekileyo, amathuba okufumana i-malaria anokuncitshiswa kakhulu.
UCwangciso loPhambi kohambo
Azikho zonke iindawo zaseAfrika ezichaphazelekayo sisifo, ngoko isinyathelo sokuqala kukuphanda ufikelele kuyo kwaye ufumanise ukuba ingekho okanye i-malaria ingxaki. Ukufumana ulwazi olusesikweni kwimiba yengozi ye-malaria, khangela ulwazi olubhaliweyo kwiziko le-website yokuLawula kunye nokukhusela iwebhusayithi.
Ukuba indawo oya kuyo ingummandla we-malariya, yenza ukuqesha kunye nogqirha wakho okanye kwiklinikhi yokuhamba esondeleyo ukuthetha malunga neyeza-anti-malaria. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo, zonke eziza kwifom yefilisi kwaye ziprophylactics kunokuba izitofu.
Zama ukubona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza njengoko kunokwenzeka, njengoko ezininzi iikliniki zingagcinanga iimpahla ze-malaria prophylactics kwaye zifuna ixesha lokuba zilandele zona.
Ngelishwa, akunakwenzeka ukuba i-inshorensi yakho yempilo iya kugubungela imithi e-US. Ukuba ixabiso liyinkinga, cela ugqirha wakho malunga neepilisi eziqhelekileyo kunokuba ukhangele.
Ezi ziqulethe izithako ezifanayo, kodwa zihlala zifumaneka kwiqhezu lexabiso.
Ezahlukeneyo zeProphylactics
Kukho ezine ezisetyenziswa ngokutsha malunga ne-malaria prophylactics, zonke ezo zidweliswe ngezantsi. Ilungelo kuwe lixhomekeke kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukufika kwakho, imisebenzi oceba ukuyifaka apho kunye nesimo sakho somzimba okanye imeko.
Uhlobo ngalunye luba neenzuzo zalo, iingxaki kunye negalelo lemiba ekhethekileyo. Abantwana abancinci kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kufuneka baqaphele ngokukhethekileyo xa bekhetha unyango lwe-malariya ngenxa yesi sizathu. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba akucebise malunga neprophylactic eziza kuhambelana neemfuno zakho ezithile.
Malarone
I-Malarone ingenye yezilwanyana eziphambili kakhulu zokulwa ne-malaria, kodwa kufuneka ukuba ithathwe ngosuku ngaphambi kokungena kwindawo ye-malariya, kunye neveki enye emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya. Kunemiphumo embalwa kakhulu emibi kwaye ifumaneka kwifom yezingane kubantwana; Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuthathwe imihla ngemihla kwaye ayikhuselekanga kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo nabancelisayo.
Chloroquine
I-Chloroquine ithathwa kuphela ngeveki (apho abanye abahambayo bafumana okulula ngakumbi), kwaye ikhuselekile ukusetyenziswa ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuthathwe iiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi nangemva kohambo lwakho, kwaye unokwandisa izimo ezithile zonyango ezikhoyo.
Kwiindawo ezininzi ze-Afrika, iinjongwane ziye zaxhatshazwa kwi-chloroquine, zinikezela nto.
Doxycycline
Kwakhona kuthathwa imihla ngemihla, i-doxycycline kuphela kufuneka ithathwe kwiintsuku ezingama-1-2 ngaphambi kokuhamba kwaye yenye yezona zikhetho ezinokuthengula kakhulu zokulwa ne-malaria. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuthathelwe iiveki ezine emva kohambo lwakho, alufanelekanga kubantwana kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, kwaye banokunyusa ukwanda kwezithombe, ukunika abasebenzisi ithuba lokutshisa ilanga elibi.
Mefloquine
Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthengiswa phantsi kwegama legama Lariam, i-mefloquine ithathwa ngeveki kwaye iphephile kubafazi abakhulelweyo. Kwakhona kufikeleleka, kodwa kufuneka kuthathwe iiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kweeveki ezine emva kokuhamba. Abasebenzisi abaninzi bayakhalaza ngamaphupha amabi ngelixa i-mefloquine, kwaye ayikhuselekanga kulabo abaneengxaki zokungena okanye izimo zengqondo. Izidumbu ezinokuthi zingamelana ne-mefloquine kwezinye iindawo.
Kukho imiyalelo eyahlukeneyo yepilisi nganye. Qinisekisa ukuba ulandele ngokucophelela, uthathe ingqalelo ethile malunga nohambo lwakho ngaphambi kokuba uhambe uqale ukuthabatha iyeza, kwaye kufuneka uqhubeke ixesha elingakanani emva kokubuya kwakho.
Amanyathelo okukhusela
I-Prophylactics ibalulekile kuba akunakwenzeka ukuphepha yonke into yokulunywa yumlingo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukhuthalele kangakanani. Nangona kunjalo, ingcamango enhle ukuphepha ukukhala xa kunokwenzeka nangona unamayeza, ngokukodwa njengoko kukho ezinye izifo ezithwalwe ngummiyane e-Afrika ezingagqitywanga ngamapilisi e-anti-malaria.
Nangona ezininzi iindawo zokulala ze-safmark zinikezela ngamanatha enzongomso, kusoloko kuluvo oluhle lokuzisa kunye nawe. Zikhanya, kwaye kulula ukuzibandakanya kwimithwalo yakho. Khetha owodwa obandakanywe ne-insect repellent, okanye uzitshiza kunye negumbi lakho ubusuku bonke ngaphambi kokuba ulale. Iikhoyili ze-Mosquito zisebenza ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye zitshise ixesha elifikelela kwiiyure ezisibhozo.
Khetha indawo yokuhlala kunye nabalandeli kunye / okanye ukunyakaza emoyeni, njengoko ukuhamba komoya kwenza kube nzima ukuba umiyane lufike umhlaba kwaye ulume. Gwema ukugqoka i-aftershave eqinile okanye i-perfume (kucatshangelwe ukutsala omiyane); kwaye ugqoke iingubo ezide kunye neengubo ezide emininzi kwantambama nangobusuku xa ama - spu nopheles asebenza kakhulu.
I-Malaria Symtoms & Treatment
Iipilisi ze-anti-malaria zisebenza ngokubulala ama-malaria e-early phase of development. Nangona kunjalo, ngoxa ngokuqinisekileyo banciphisa umngcipheko wokubambisana ne-malaria ngokuphawulekayo, akukho nanye yeprophylactics echazwe ngasentla ayi-100% esebenzayo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela iimpawu ze-malariya, ukuze ukuba wenze isivumelwano, unokufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza.
Kwizigaba zokuqala, iimpawu ze-malariya zifana nezo 'mkhuhlane. Ziquka i-aches kunye neentlungu, umkhuhlane, iintloko kunye nesicefe. Izilonda ezigqithisileyo kunye nokulandelelana, ngelixa usulelo lweP. falciparum parasite lubangele i-delirium, ukulala nokudideka, zonke ezo zibonakalisa uphawu lwe-malaria ye-cerebral. Olu hlobo lwe-malaria luyingozi kakhulu, kwaye ingqwalaselo yonyango ibalulekile.
Ezinye iintlobo ze-malariya (kubandakanya ezo zibangelwa yi- P. falciparum , i- P. vivax kunye ne- P. ovale parasites) ziyakwazi ukuphindaphinda ngezikhathi ezingaqhelekanga iminyaka emininzi emva kokusuleleka. Nangona kunjalo, i-malaria ihlala i-100% yonyango ngokukhawuleza xa ufuna unyango olukhawuleza kwaye uzalise ikhosi yakho. Utyando lubandakanya iziyobisi zonyango, ezixhomekeke kulolu hlobo lwe-malaria onayo kunye nalapho uthabathe khona. Ukuba uhamba kwindawo ethile ekude, kuyisiphumo esihle sokuthatha unyango olufanelekileyo lwe-malaria nawe.
Eli nqaku lihlaziywe nguJessica Macdonald ngoFebruwari 20, 2018.