Ukucwangcisa iRaviki kwilizwe elimhlophe
Kutheni umntu efuna ukutyelela i-Antarctica? Yindawo ebanda kunazo zonke, eyona ndawo, kwaye iyona ndawo emhlabeni. Ixesha lezokhenketho lixesha elide leenyanga ezine. Akukho ziivenkile, ii-piers, amabhishi angabonakaliyo, okanye indawo yezokhenketho kwii-Antarctic zokungena kweefowuni. Ulwandle olusuka eMzantsi Melika, eAfrika, okanye e-Australia luphantse lube lukhuni. Izwekazi eliyimfihlakalo, abantu bahlala bengacaciswanga okanye abazi izinto ezininzi ngeAntarctica .
Ngaphandle kwazo zonke ezi zinto zifunyenwe, u-Antarctica uluhlu lwabahambi abaninzi "kufuneka babone" iindawo.
Abo bethu bathanda ukuhamba ngethamsanqa kuba indlela efanelekileyo yokutyelela i-Antarctica ihamba ngeenqanawa zokuhamba. Ekubeni ininzi yezilwanyana zasendle e-Antarctica itholakala kwiindawo ezinxweme ezingenamanzi ezinxweme ezijikelezileyo eziqithi nakwilizwe lonke, abagibeli abahamba ngeenqanawa kufuneka bangaphutheli nakweliphi na ulwandle olunomdla, umhlaba okanye izidalwa zomoya ezithandekayo kweli zwekazi. Ukongeza, i-Antarctica ayinasiseko sezotyelelo ezifana neehotele, iivenkile zokutyela, okanye iikhokelo zokutyelela, ngoko ke iinqanawa zokuhamba ngeyona nto iyindlela efanelekileyo yokutyelela iNtshona Koloni. Inqaku elilodwa: Awuyi kufika eSouth Pole kwinqanawa. Ngokungafani neNorth Pole, ephakathi kwe-Arctic Ocean, iSouth Pole likhulu leeekhilomitha ezisemaphandleni, ehlala kwindawo ephakamileyo. Ezinye iindwendwe kwiSouth Pole ziye zafumana ukugula okuphezulu.
Imvelaphi
Nangona iipesenti ezingama-95 ze-Antarctica zihlanganiswe ngeqhwa, zikhona iingxondorha kunye nomhlaba phantsi kwayo yonke imvula, kunye nelizwekazi liphindwe kabini ubukhulu be-Australia.
I-Antarctica inokuphakama okuphakamileyo kwezona ndawokazi kunye nehafu engama-6,500 + ngeenyawo ezingaphezu kwezinga elwandle. Inqanaba eliphakamileyo kwi-Antarctica lingaphezu kwama-11 000. Ekubeni i-Antarctica ithola ngaphantsi kwama-intshi amane emvula yamanzi ngonyaka, yonke into ngendlela yekhephu, iyafaneleka njengentlango ye-polar.
Iinqanawa ze-Cruise zihambela kwi-Peninsula yase-Antarctic, isiqhelo esinexesha elide, elinesandla esiseMzantsi Melika. Iinqanawa zinokufikelela kwiiIqithi zaseShetland kunye nale Peninsula malunga neentsuku ezimbini zokuwela iDrack Passage, enye yezona ziqendu ezinobunzima kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ulwandle olujikeleze i-Antarctica lunye lwezinto zalo ezinomdla kakhulu. Imimoya nemifudlana yolwandle zisebenzisana ngokukrakra, kubangela ukuba le ndawo yolwandle ibe yintlanzi. I-Antarctic Convergence ngummandla apho amanzi afudumeleyo, asemanzini afuduka eningizimu esuka eMzantsi Melika ahlangana namanzi abandayo, abuninzi, anamaqabunga ahamba enyakatho esuka e-Antarctica. Ezi zijikelezo eziphikisanayo zihlala zidibanisa kwaye zikhokelela kwimeko enotyebileyo kwintsipho yeplankton yolwandle. I-plankton idonsa inani elikhulu leentaka kunye nezilwanyana zaselwandle. Umphumo wokuphela yizilwandle ezidumileyo zeDake Passage kunye neTerra del Fuego kunye nezigidi zezilwanyana ezinomdla eziphila kulo moya ongenakulinganisela. Abo bahamba ngeendlela ezifanayo ngaphesheya kwehlabathi lase-Australia kunye neNew Zealand nabo banamaqhawe amaninzi adumile; Akumangalisi ukuba babizwa ngokuba "ngamahlanu angamawaka" emva kobubanzi.
Nini ukuya kwi-Antarctica
Ixesha lezokhenketho liphela kweenyanga ezine e-Antarctica, ukususela ngoNovemba ukuya kuFebhuwari.
Eminye yonke loo nyaka ayibanda kakhulu (njengezantsi ngaphantsi kwama-degrees ama-50 ngaphantsi kwe-zero) kodwa kunye nobumnyama okanye ubuninzi bexesha elininzi. Nangona unako ukuma ubanda kubungenakubona nto. Inyanga nganye inokhenketho. NgoNovemba kusekuqaleni kwehlobo, kunye neentaka zithandana. Ngomhla kaDisemba noJanuwari ziquka ukukhanda ama-penguins kunye neentsana zamantombazana, kunye namaqondo okushisa afudumele kunye namahora angama-20 emini ngosuku. NgoFebruwari sele kuphelile ihlobo, kodwa iimbona zamehlo zihlala ziqhelekileyo kwaye amatshontsho aqala ukuqala. Kukho i-ice encane ekupheleni kwehlobo, kwaye iinqanawa azikhange zibhalwe ngaphambili kwangexesha.
Iintlobo zee-Cruise Ships eziya e-Antarctica
Nangona abaphandi baye bahamba ngomkhumbi wamanzi ase-Antarctic ukususela ngekhulu le-15, abavakalisi bokuqala abazange bafike de ngo-1957 xa i-Pan American indiza esuka eKricchurch, eNew Zealand ifike ixesha elifutshane kuMcMurdo Sound.
Ukutyelela okunene kwathatha ukususela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960 xa i-oopers tour operators yaqalisa ukuhamba. Iminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, iinqanawa ezingaba ngu-50 ziye zathwala abavakhenkethi kuma-Antarctic. Phantse i-20,000 yabatyeleli belizwe elwandle e-Antarctica kunye namanye amawaka ahamba ngomkhumbi emanzini ase-Antarctic okanye aphephe kwilizwekazi. Iinqwelo ziyahluka ngobukhulu ukusuka ngaphantsi kwama-50 ukuya kuma-1000 abagibeli. Iinqanawa ziyahlukahluka kwizinto eziphathekayo, ukusuka kwiinqanawa zokubonelela ezisetyenzisaneni ukuya kwiinqanawa ezincinane zokuhamba ngeenqanawa zokuhamba kwiinqanawa ezincinci zokuhamba ngeenqanawa. Naluphi na uhlobo lwenqanawa oyikhethayo, uya kuba nolwazi olukhunjulwayo lwe- Antarctic cruise experience .
Elinye ilizwi lokulumkisa: ezinye iinqanawa azivumeli ukuba abagibeli baye e-Antarctica. Banikeza iindawo ezimangalisayo zendawo ekhangelekayo yase-Antarctic, kodwa kuphela ukusuka kwinqanawa yeso nqanawa. Le "uhambo ngomkhumbi" we-Antarctic cruise, edlalwa ngokuba yi-Antarctic "amava", inceda ukugcina intlawulo phantsi, kodwa kunokudumala xa ukufika kumhlaba we-Antarctic kubalulekile kuwe. Abasayineli be-Antarctic Treaty ka-1959 kunye namalungu e-International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators abavumeli nayiphi na iinqanawa ezithwele abantu abangaphezu kwe-500 ukuba bathumele abagibeli. Ukongeza, iinqanawa azikwazi ukuthumela abantu abangaphezu kwe-100 elwandle ngaphaya kwexesha elinye. Iinqanawa ezinkulu azikwazi ukuhlangabezana nale mbambiso, kwaye nayiphi na umgca wokuhamba ngeenqanawa ungayifumani imvume yokuya e-Antarctica kwakhona.
Iinqanawa ezili-ezine zivakatye i- Antarctica ngonyaka. Abanye bathatha iindwendwe ezingama-25 okanye ezimbalwa, abanye baphatha ngaphezu kwe-1,000. Ngokwenene uqobo (kunye nepotokbookbook) ukhetha ukuba yeyiphi inqanaba elungcono kuwe. Ukutyelela indawo enobungozi kubandakanya ukucwangcisa kakuhle, ngoko kufuneka wenze uphando lwakho kwaye uthethe nge-agent ye-travel ngaphambi kokuba ukhankase i-cruise yakho.
Nangona iinqanawa ezithwele iindwendwe ezingaphezu kwe-500 azikwazi ukuhambisa abagibeli e- Antarctica , zineenzuzo ezithile. Iinqanawa ezikhulu ziqhele ukuba neendawo ezinzulu kunye nokuzinzisa, okwenza uhambo luhambe ngokukhawuleza. Oku kunokuba kubaluleke kakhulu emanzini amanzi eDrake Passage naseMzantsi Atlantic. Inzuzo yesibini kukuba ekubeni ezi nqanawa zinkulu, umrhumo awukwazi ukuba uphakamileyo njengemikhumbi encinci. Kwakhona, iinqanawa zendwendwe zendabuko nazo zibonelela ngezixhobo kunye nemisebenzi engasetyenziswayo kwiinqanawa ezincinane zokuhamba. Yisigqibo omele ukwenze, kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba uhambe phambili kwilizwekazi kwaye ubone ama-penguins kunye nezinye izilwanyana zasendle zisondele?
Kwabo bafuna "ukuchukumisa" e-Antarctica, ezininzi iinqanawa ezincinci zine-ice-strengthened-shells okanye zifanelekile njengeqhwa. Iinqanawa ezinokomelezwa ngeqhwa zingakwazi ukuya emzantsi ukuya kwi-ice flows kunomkhumbi wendabuko, kodwa kuphela i-ice breaker ingasondela ngaselwandle eLwandle lwaseRoss. Ukuba ubona iindwendwe ezidumileyo ze-Ross Island, kubalulekile kuwe, unokwenza uqiniseke ukuba usekho nqanawa ekwazi ukuwela uLwandle lwaseRoss kwaye uyifake kwihambo. Enye ingxaki yokuphuza iqhwa yilokuba banemijelo engapheliyo, eyenza ibe yinto efanelekileyo yokuhamba emanzini amanqabileyo, kodwa kungekhona ukuhamba ngomkhumbi. Uya kufumana inkqubela eninzi kwiqhekeza leqhwa ngaphezu kweenqanawa zendabuko.
Kule nkxalabo malunga nokuhlaliswa kwezilwandle okanye ixabiso, iinqanawa ezinkulu ezithwele ngaphantsi komlinganiselo wazo eziqhelekileyo zingaba zilungelelaniso. Ngokomzekelo, i- Hurtigruten Midnatsol ithatha indlela engaphezu kwe-500 iindwendwe kunye neenqanawa zokuhamba ngeentsuku ngexesha leeholide layo lase-Norway. Nangona kunjalo, xa inqanawa idlulela e-Antarctica kwihlobo lehlobo, iguqulela kwiinqanawa zokuhamba ngeendwendwe ezingaphantsi kwama-500. Ekubeni iinqanawa zinkulu, zincinci ngaphantsi kunezona ezincinci, kodwa zinezinto ezingaphezulu kwii-lounges kunye nezixhobo kunokuba ithenyana elincinci lingenzeka.
Akukho iinqanawa zokuhamba ngeenqanawa e-Antarctica. Iinqanawa ezithatha abagibeli emanzini zisebenzisa i-Rigid Inflatable Boats (i-RIB okanye i-Zodiacs) ezixhaswe ngeenjini zangaphandle kuneziphakamiso. Ezi zikebhe ezincinci zilungele ukuhamba komhlaba "kumanzi" kwiindawo ezingapheliyo ze-Antarctica, kodwa nabani na abaneengxaki zokuhamba bafanele ukuba bahlale kwi-nqanawa yokuhamba. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-Zodiacs ithwala abagibeli aba-9 ukuya kwe-14, umqhubi kunye nesikhokelo.
Ukuya Ekuhambeni Kwakho
Iinqanawa ezininzi eziya e-Antarctica ziqala eMzantsi Melika. Ushuaia, Argentina kunye nePunta Arenas, iChile yimiba eqhelekileyo yokuqalisa. Abagibeli abasuka eNyakatho Melika okanye eYurophu baya kudlula eBuenos Aires okanye eSantiago endleleni yabo ukuya ezantsi eMzantsi Melika. Kuthatha malunga neeyure ezintathu ukusuka eBuenos Aires okanye eSantiago ukuya kwi-Ushuaia okanye ePunta Arenas kunye nezinye iiyure ezingama-36 ukuya kuma-48 zokuhamba ngomkhumbi ukusuka apho ukuya kwiiIqithi zaseShetland kunye nokunye kwi-Peninsula yase-Antarctic. Nomaphi lapho uqala khona, kuyindlela ende ekufikeni kuyo. Ezinye iinqanawa zokuhamba zihambela ezinye iindawo zaseMzantsi Melika njengePatagonia okanye iItalk Falkland, kunye nabanye badibanisa uhambo oluya e-Antarctica ngokutyelela kwisiqithi sase-South Georgia.
Ezinye iinqanawa zisuka eMzantsi Afrika, e-Australia okanye eNew Zealand ukuya e-Antarctica. Ukuba ukhangele imephu ye-Antarctica, uyakubona ukuba kuncinci ukusuka kwezo ndawo ukuya kwilizwekazikazi ukusuka eMzantsi Melika, oku kuthetha ukuba uhambo luya kuquka iintsuku ezininzi zolwandle.
Nabani na onomdla wokuzivakalisa kwaye othanda ngaphandle kunye nezilwanyana zasendle (ikakhulukazi ezo penguins ) ziya kuba nekhefu lokuphila xa zi tyelela eli lizwekazi eliMhlophe.