Ukusuka Kwinqaba ukuya kwiMyuziyam kaZwelonke: Isibonakaliso esiPhezulu saseParis
Imithombo ephambili: I-Website ye-Louvre Museum ye-website esemthethweni; Encyclopedia Britannica
I-museum yaseParis iLouvre iyaziwa namhlanje ngenxa yeqoqo layo elimangalisayo lokudweba, ukudweba, imidwebo kunye nezinye izinto zenkcubeko. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ibe yinto yezona ziqokelelo zezobugcisa kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo kakhulu, yayiyinkundla yasebukhosini kwaye inxalenye ebalulekileyo yeinqaba ezazikhusela eParis ezidlulileyo .
Ukuyixabisa ngokwenene le ndawo yembali, funda ngakumbi malunga nembali yayo enzima ngaphambi kokutyelela kwakho.
I-Louvre Ngethuba lexesha eliphakathi
1190: UKumkani uPhilippe Auguste wakha inqaba enkulu kwisiza seLouvre yamhla ngokuzama ukukhusela abantu abahlaselayo. Iinqaba zakhiwa malunga neendawo ezine ezinkulu kunye neenqaba zokuzikhusela. Ukugcinwa okukhulu, okubhekiselwe kuyo njenge- Grosse tour , wema kwiziko. Amanqanaba angaphantsi kwesi nqaba onke ahlalayo kwaye angatyelelwa ngokukhawuleza namhlanje.
1356-1358: Emva kwesinye i-sprawl, iParis manje idlulela phambili udonga olusisiseko olwakhiwe ngekhulu le-12. Udonga olutsha lwakhiwe inxalenye yokuba lukhuseleke phakathi kokuqala kweMinyaka Yekhulu lemfazwe e-England. I-Louvre ayisasetyenziswa njengendawo yokukhusela.
1364: I-Louvre ayisayiyo injongo yayo yasekuqaleni, ivuselela i-architect ekhonza uKing Charles V ukuba iphinde iphinde iphinde ibuyise inqaba yamandulo ibe yindlu yasebukhosini.
Ukukhawuleza kwexesha eliqhelekileyo lebhotwe kwakukho isiteji esiphezulu kunye "nentsimi yokuzonwabisa", ngelixa i-interiors yayihlotshiswe ngamathitterries kunye nekiso.
1527: ILouvre ihlala ingabanjwa ngaphandle kweminyaka engama-100 okanye emva kokufa kukaKumkani uCharles VI. Ngomhla we-1527, uFrancois I ndihamba kwaye ndibhubhise ngokupheleleyo i-medieval keep.
I-Louvre ihambela kwi-Renaissance yayo.
I-Louvre Ngethuba lexesha lokuhlaziya
1546: UFrancois ndiyaqhubeka nokuguqula igosa ngokuhambelana nokulungiswa kwezakhiwo ze-Renaissance kunye neendlela zokuyila, ukuphelisa iphiko le-west-medieval nokuyibuyisela ngezakhiwo zendlela yokuzalwa kwe-Renaissance. Ngaphantsi kolawulo lukaHenri II, iHolo leCaryatids kunye nePavillon du Roi (iPavilon yeKumkani) yakhiwa, kwaye iquka indawo yokuzimela yamakhosi. Ukugqitywa kwebhotwe entsha kugqitywa kugqitywa phantsi kwemiyalelo kaKing Henri IV.
Ephakathi kwe-16 leminyaka: Indlovukazi yaseFransi eFrance uCatherine de 'Medici, umhlolokazi kuHenri II, iyalela ukwakhiwa kweNdlu yeTuileries kwizame zokuphucula amanqanaba okududuza eLouvre, okubhekiselele kwiingxelo zembali kwindawo ephosakeleyo. Isicwangciso esithile sezicwangciso ekugqibeleni sishiywa esinye.
1595-1610: I- Henri IV yakha i-Galerie du Bord de l'Eau (i-Waterside Gallery) ukudala indlela ecacileyo esuka kwiindawo zokuhlala zaseLouvre ukuya kwiNdwendwe yaseTuileries Palace. Indawo eyaziwa njengeGalerie des Rois (Igalari yeeKumkani) yakhiwa ngeli xesha.
I-Louvre Ngethuba le "I-Classical" Period
1624-1672: Ngaphantsi kolawulo lukaLouis XIII noLouis XIV, iLouvre iqhubekele uchungechunge olunzulu lwezinto zokulungiswa, okubangela ukuba sihloniphe indlu namhlanje.
Ukongeza okongeziweyo ngeli xesha kubandakanya iPavillon de l'Horloge (i-Clock Pavilion) ebizwa ngePavillon de Sully namhlanje kwaye yayiza kuba ngumzekelo wokwakhiwa kwamanye amavili ayenzela indawo yesimanje. I- Apollo Gallery ehloniphekileyo igqitywa ngo-1664.
1672-1674: UMongameli uLouis XIV uhamba esihlalweni sobukhosi baseRersailles kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. ILouvre iwela kwindawo yokunyanzeliswa ngokunyanisekileyo kwekhulu leminyaka.
I-1692: I-Louvre inendima entsha njengendawo yokudibanisa yezobugcisa kunye neengqondo "zee-salons", kwaye uLouis XIV wayala ukuba kusetyenziswe igalari kwizithombe ze-antique. Le yayisiyinyathelo lokuqala ekuzalweni kweemyuziyam eninzi ehlabathini.
1791: Ukulandela ukuVukana kweFrentshi ka-1789, iLouvre kunye neeTueries ziphinde zicatshangelwe njengebhotwe kazwelonke "ukuqokelela izikhumbuzo zezesayensi nobugcisa".
1793: Urhulumente waseFransi uvula i-Muséum Central Arts Arts de la République, iziko elitsha likawonkewonke elingaphambi kweengcamango zomhla wamyuziyamu. Ukwamkelwa kukhululekile kubo bonke, ngelixa iqoqo ngokukodwa liphuma kwizinto ezifunyenwe zibukhosi baseFransi kunye neentsapho zobukhosi.
Ukuba yiMyuziyam enkulu: iiMbuso
1798-1815: UMongameli waseNapoleon ozayo "uya kuphucula" iqoqo kwiLouvre ngokuphanga okufunyenwe ngexesha lokulwa kwakhe kwamanye amazwe, kwaye ngokukodwa ukusuka eItali. I-museum yabizwa ngokuba yiNumentaleon yaseMusée ngowe-1803 kwaye i-emperor iqhutywe phezu komnyango. Ngo-1806, i-Perperine ne-Fontaine yakha i-"Arc de Triomphe" encinci kwinqanaba le-Tuileries ngokubhiyozela impi yamaFransi. I-arch ekuqaleni ibandakanya amahashe amane e-bronze ayesetyenziswe eSt Mark's Basilica e-Italy; Ezi zibuyiselwe e-Italy ngo-1815 xa ubukhosi bokuqala buwela. Ngeli xesha, iLouvre nayo yanda kakhulu kwaye iquka amaninzi amaphiko ayenayo nanamhlanje, kuquka iNkundla yeKarré neGrande Galerie.
1824: Iimyuziyam zemihla ngemihla zivuliwe kwintshona yephephandaba le "Cour Carré". Iimyuziyamu ziquka imifanekiso evela eVersailles nakwezinye iqoqo, kumagumbi amahlanu nje.
1826-1862: Njengazo zokucwangcisa zamanje kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezorhwebo, iqoqo leLouvre liye laphuculwa kakhulu kwaye landiswe ukuba libandakanye imisebenzi evela kwimiphakathi yangaphandle. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ase-Yiputa kunye neAsiriya ukuya kwi-Artwork ye-medieval kunye ne-Renaissance kunye nepeyinti yexesha laseSpanish, i-Louvre ihamba ngendlela yokuba ibe yindawo ephakamileyo yobugcisa nenkcubeko.
1863: Iqoqo leLouvre liqokelele kwakhona iMusée Napoleon III ngokuhlonela inkokeli yoBukumkani boBibini. Ukwandiswa kweqoqo kubangelwa ukuthengwa kwe-1861 yeemifanekiso ezingaphezulu kwe-11 000, izilwanyana zobugcisa, imifanekiso kunye nezinye izinto ezivela eMarquis Campana.
1871: Ebudeni bovukelo oludumile lwe-1871 elaziwa ngokuba yiCommunity yaseParis, iThala leTuileries yatshiswa yi "Communards." Ibhotwe alizange libuyiselwe, lishiya kuphela izitiya kunye nezakhiwo ezodwa. Kule mini, ubuncinane ikomiti yesizwe yaseFransi iyaqhubeka nokucela ukuba kubuyiselwe iHlabathi.
ESILANDELAYO: Ukuvulwa kweLouvre yaMhla
1883: Xa iNqaba yeSiileries ichithwe, kukho utshintsho olukhulu kwaye iLouvre iphelile ukuba ibe sisihlalo sobukhosi. Isayithi ngoku sele lizinikezele ngokupheleleyo kwizobugcisa kunye nenkcubeko. Kwiminyaka embalwa, iimyuziyam ziza kwandisa kakhulu ukuba zithathe zonke izakhiwo ezinkulu.
1884-1939: I-Louvre iyaqhubeka nokwandisa kwaye ivula amaphiko ambalwa angabonakaliyo kunye neqoqo, kuquka iphiko elizinikezele kwezobugcisa bamaSulumane kunye ne-Musée des Arts Decoratives.
1939-1945: Ngexesha elizayo lokuphuma kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ngowe-1939, i-museum ivalwe kwaye iqoqo likhutshwe, ngaphandle kweziqendu ezinkulu ezikhuselweyo nge-sandbags. Xa amaNazi ahlasela i-Paris kunye neFransi ngowe-1940, iLouvre iphinda ivulekele, kodwa ingenanto.
Ngowe-1981: UMongameli waseFransi uFrancois Mittérand utyhila isicwangciso sobuqili sokuvuselela nokulungisa kwakhona iLouvre nokuhambisa ubulungiseleli baseburhulumenteni abasalayo kwenye indawo, okwenza uLouvre azinikezele kuphela umsebenzi wakhe njengemyuziyam okokuqala.
Ngowe-1986: I- Musée d'Orsay ivuliwe kwindawo yangaphambili yesiteshi se-Orsay isitima se-Seine. I-museum entsha idlulisela imisebenzi emininzi yangoku evela kubaculi abazalwa phakathi kowe-1820 no-1870, kwaye ngokukhawuleza uzihlukanise ukuqokelela i-Impressionist, kunye nabanye. Imisebenzi evela kwiJeu de Paume ekupheleni kwentshona yeTuileries nayo idluliselwa ku-Orsay.
Ngowe-1989: I -pyramid yeLilavre eyakhiwa ngumyili wezakhiwo waseTshayina i-IM Pei iyavulwa kwaye isebenza njengomnyango omtsha.