Uphononongo olutsha oluqhutywe yi-National Park Foundation luhlola iipaki zelizwe laseMelika ngenzame yokulinganisa inani lazo loqoqosho. Iziphumo zoluphando zanikezela ngamanani aphumayo amehlo, zisinika ingcamango engcono yezona zinto zixabisekileyo.
Isifundo
Uhlolisiso luqhutywe nguDkt John Loomis kunye noMncedisi woPhando uMichelle Haefele wase-Colorado State University, owasebenzisana kunye noDkt. Linda Bilmes weHarvard Kennedy School.
I-trio izama ukubeka "ixabiso lentengo yezoqoqosho" (TEV) kwiipaki zelizwe, ezisebenzisa uhlalutyo lweendleko-zenzelwa ukuzama ukujonga inani elifunyanwa ngabantu kwizinto zendalo. Kule meko, izibonelelo zendalo ziiipaki ngokwabo.
Ngoko ke, iipaki zelizwe zifaneleke ngokukodwa kwisifundo? Ixabiso eliqikelelwa lilonke leepaki, kunye neeprogram zeSizwe zeeNkonzo zePaki, liyi-$ 92 yezigidi. Lelo nani alibandakanyi kuphela iipaki ezingamazwelonke ezingama-59 kuphela, kodwa izikhumbuzo zelizwe, iindawo zokulwa, iindawo zembali kunye nezinye iiyunithi eziwela phantsi kwe-ISP. Kwakhona iquka iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo ezifana neNgxowa-mali yoMhlaba kunye neNdawo yokuLondolozwa kwamanzi kunye neNkqubo yeSizwe yeMpawu zeNdalo. Uninzi lwengcaciso luhlanganiselwe njengenxalenye yophando olunzulu olufuna ukulinganisa ukubaluleka kokulawulwa kwendalo, ukuveliswa kwempahla yendalo, imfundo kunye neminye imiba enokuba nefuthe "kwixabiso".
"Olu pho nonongo lubonisa ukubaluleka okukhulu kwiindawo zikawonkewonke kumsebenzi weNkonzo yeSizwe yePaki, nangaphandle kweendawo ezibonakalayo kunye neendawo ezintle ekunyamekeleni kwethu," kusho uMlawuli weSizwe weNkonzo kaParadise uJonathan B. Jarvis. "Ngokuqinisekisa ukuzibophezela kwethu kwiinkqubo ezisinceda silondoloze inkcubeko yaseMerika kunye nembali ngendawo, esi sifundo sinika umongo omkhulu we-National Park Service iya kuhamba ngenkulungwane yesibini ukuxelela ibali elipheleleyo kunye neliqela elifana nani kunye noko sikuxabisa njengesizwe. "
Ukubaluleka kwexabiso lezoqoqosho kwiipaki kwakungekho kuphela ummiselo onomdla ovela kule projekthi. Xa ethetha nabantu abahlolisweyo ngexesha beqokelela idatha, abaphandi bafumene ukuba abantu abangama-95% baseMerika bavakalelwa kukuba ukukhusela iipaki zelizwe kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo kwizizukulwana ezizayo kubaluleke kakhulu. Uninzi lwaloo bantu babenelungelo lokubeka imali yabo emlonyeni wabo, ngo-80% besithi baya kukulungele ukuhlawula irhafu ephezulu ukuba kuthetha ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba iipaki zixhaswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye zikhusela phambili.
Ixabiso le-$ 92 billion lizimeleyo kwingxelo yeSizwe ye-National Park Foundation ye- Visitor Spending Impact eyayikhululwa ngo-2013. Olu pho nonongo luqhutyelwe ukufumanisa impembelelo yezoqoqosho kwiipaki zesizwe ezijikelezile kwaye zafika ekugqibeleni ukuba i-$ 14.6 yezigidigidi isetyenziswe rhoqo ngonyaka ezibizwa ngokuba ziindawo zokuhlala, ezichazwa njengalezo zingaphaya kweekhilomitha ezingama-60 zepaki. Ngaphezulu, kwaqikelelwa ukuba imisebenzi engama-238,000 yenziwa ngenxa yeepaki kunye nokuqhubeka kwandisa impembelelo yezoqoqosho. Lezo manani zikhulile zikhulile kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, nangona kunjalo, njengoko amapaki aye abone inani leendwendwe zeendwendwe ngo-2014 no-2015.
Olu phofu lwakutshanje luye lwagqitywa ngokuphononongwa koontanga, oluyimigaqo esemgangathweni kwilizwe lezemfundo. Kuya kufakwa kwakhona ukupapashwa kwiimagazini zezemfundo, apho ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kuhlolwa kwakhona. Ngokutsho kweengxelo, nangona kunjalo, iziphumo ziyahambelana nezinye izifundo zikaRhulumente, eziphinda zihlalutye imimiselo ecetywayo kunye nefuthe lokulahlekelwa kwemithombo yendalo.
Nangona le ngxelo ifaka inombolo yekhonkrithi kwixabiso leepaki zeSizwe, mhlawumbi akuyi kuthungelwa kubahambi. Iipaki ziye zithandwa ngabantu abangaphandle kwamathanga eminyaka, kwaye ekubeni beqhubeka nokubeka iirekhodi zokubakho rhoqo, akubonakali oko kuya kuphelisa nayiphi na ixesha kungekudala. Sekunjalo, kuyathakazelisa ukubona ukuba iipaki zixabiseke kangakanani, njengoko kucacile ukuba igalelo labo lilula kakhulu.