IiMyuziyamu Zilwe Nxamnye neSISIS

Jonga ubugcisa obuvela kwi-East Near Near e-5 e-Museums

IiMyuziyamu zilwa nokuphanga nokutshabalalisa izinto zakudala eSiriya nase-Iraq. Njengoko i-ISIS isetyenzisile imithombo yoluntu ukuze ibonise ihlabathi ukuba lichithule njani iindawo ezindala ezifana neHatra, iMyuziyamu kunye nePalmyra, iimyuziyam zilwa ngokusebenzisa i-Facebook, i-Twitter kunye nekhompyutheni yekhompyutheni ukwenzela ukuba kube nomdla kwizobugcisa kunye nenkcubeko ye-Ancient Near Bucala ngasekhohlo. Ugxininiso ngakumbi kunye neengqalelo zifakwe ngeli xesha, ezinye iirekhodi esiza kuba nazo eziye zatshatyalaliswa. Nangona into ngokwayo ingase ilahleke, ubulumko obuya kuqokelela kuyo buya kuqhubeka.

U-Erin Thompson, ongu-professor wexesha elizeleyo waseMerika lobugebengu bobugcisa, ungobuchule bokutshatyalaliswa nokuphangwa kwezinto ezidlulileyo nguMbuso wamaSulumane (ISIS). Ekuqaleni wayebanjwe ubugcisa be-Ancient Near East ngelixa ekhangela iincwadi kwiincwadi zamathala eencwadi zase-Columbia University ngexesha lebusika laseNew York ebusika. Inzala yaseArizona, wayithandwa yimifanekiso yesixeko sase-Asiriya senkangala yaseNimrud ukusuka ku-3 500 BCE Ukususela ngoko wazuza i-Ph.D. kwimbali yobugcisa kunye ne-JD e-University of Columbia. Ufundisa ngetyala lobugcisa nobugebengu kwi-John Jay College, iYunivesithi yaseYunivesithi yaseNew York kwaye ubhale incwadi ekhangayo malunga nokuqokelela ubugcisa.

Unceda abafundi bakhe baqonde iinkcubeko zamandulo zaseAsiriya, iSereria kunye neBabiloni ngokujonga iimbono zabo zonqulo emva kokufa okukholelwa ukuba yinto ebumnyama neyiyo. Ukutya okukuphela kokutya bekuya kuba ngongcola, bekungekho isondo kwaye ubuya kuba ngaphandle kwabathandekayo bakho. Kwaye nokuba ungenaye ukumkani okanye umlimi, akukho mvuzo okhethekileyo okanye isohlwayo kwizenzo zakho emva kokufa. Ngaloo ndlela, ukugqithisa kuluntu kwakufuneka kuthathelwe ngolu hlobo kungenxa yoko umthetho nomyalelo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ezi zithethe zenkcubeko zasendulo zaqulunqa ukubhala, ezolimo, kunye neenkqubo zemithetho kunye noorhulumente abakhokelela kwinkcazo yeencwadi eziqhelekileyo zeli xesha kunye nendawo ngokuthi "ngumntwana wenkcubeko."

Ngokuqinisekileyo, ummandla ubizwa ngokuba yi-disorder and sites and archaeological sites kunye neyamyuziyamu zishiywe yingozi kubantu abaphangi. I-ISIS ithathe ithuba lokusasaza iphulo labo lokwesaba ngokupapasha amavidiyo abo bathatha ama-sledgehammers kwimifanekiso yaseAsiriya ngaphakathi kwiMyuziyam yaseMosul. Eyona nto ipapashwe kakuhle yintsikelelo yezakhiwo ezingcwele zamaSilamsi. Kwaye ngokucace ngakumbi, bafumana iimali kwiimarike ezimnyama ekuthengiseni nasekuthengiseni izinto ezibiwe.

Iifoto zeSpeyinti zivumela iingcali ukuba zichonge amawaka emingxuma eyibambe kwisayithi yezinto zakudala. Iingcali ezifumana amava e-archaeological zithatha inxaxheba ekubhubhiseni kunye ne "Jihadist bureaucrats" njengoko uT Thompson echaza kwintetho yakhe yeTEDx, baqeshwe ukulawula ukuthengiswa nokuthengiswa kwezinto ngeTurkey naseLebhanon kwaye mhlawumbi kubekwe ezandleni zabaqokeleli baseNtshona.

Nangona i-ISIS kakhulu ifuna ihlabathi ukuba live ngathi ukuba imikhosi okanye oorhulumente abanamandla okubavimba, ukuqhubela phambili ngokuphandleyo kuphando malunga nexesha elichasene nemizamo yabo yokufihla ixesha elidlulileyo. Enye indlela ephumelelayo yenzelwe ukwenza izinto ze-3D zezinto ezisengozini kwaye wabelane nge-schematics kwi-intanethi mahhala ukuze nabani na onokwenza ukuprinta kwe-3D, avumele ukuba baphile kuyo nokuba i-original isatshatyalaliswa.

Ngethamsanqa, imisebenzi eminingi yobugcisa ikhuselekile kwiimyuziyam emhlabeni jikelele. Nangona uThompson uyingcali ngeli xesha, akakaze ahambele i-Iraq okanye iSiriya. Nangona kunjalo, uthando lwakhe, ukunyamekwa, kunye nobuchule kwintsimi zaphuhliswa ngokubona nokufunda ubugcisa be-Ancient Near Eastern kwiikholeji ze -Met , iLouvre , iMorld Library kunye neMyuziyamu , iMyuziyam yaseBrithani kunye neMusic Museum yasePerggamon . Ndibhalile le ngcezu ngenjongo yokwenza umdla wakho ngethuba lixesha kwaye kukukhuthaza ukuba uvakatye ezi qoqo. Ukwenza njalo, kuya kuxhasa inkxaso yeengcali zembali-mlando ezisebenzela ukugcina inkcubeko yasendulo kunye nokunciphisa ukusasazeka koyiko oluxelwe ngu-ISIS.

IiMyuziyamu ezifana neYunivesithi yasePennsylvania yaseMinnesota ye-Archeology kunye ne-Anthropology ziye zasebenza kunye ne- Smithsonian ukuqhuba uqeqesho olukhuselekileyo loqeqesho kunye nokubonelela ngokubakho ukuqhushulwa kwebhori yeSamariya iMaarar Mosaic Museum .

Kodwa amaqhawe amaninzi ngabaphengululi, iimbali-mlando kunye nabavubukuli baseSiriya nase-Iraq ababeka ubomi babo engozini ukukhusela ubugcisa. Abeendaba baye bathatha ukubiza iiSystem "Menument Men".

Le miphumo yomqulu wabaphengululi, ikhusela nantoni na enokuyenza kwaye yenza iirekhodi zezinto ezilahlekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo basebenza kwiindawo ezilawulwa yivukelo apho ubomi babo bunobungozi kakhulu. Okuyingozi nakakhulu xa beza kuba ngabathengisi bamandulo ukuba bafake umfanekiso wezinto ezibiwe ngaphambi kokusabalalisa kwimarike emnyama. Bayabalindi abanobindi bomlando wethu owabelwana ngawo kunye nenkcubeko.

• 01 ngo 05

  ILouvre

  Yonke incwadi yomthetho iqala ngomfanekiso we "Code of Hammurabi," ipolisi equle ikhowudi yomthetho kwi-cuneiform. Iphezu kwinqanaba limi u-Hammurabi ethola ikhowudi ku-unkulunkulu uShamash ohleli esihlalweni sobukhosi ephethe iibhentshi ezikhanyayo emagxeni akhe.

  Kwakhona eLouvre yiyona "Inqaba Yokunqotshwa kweNaram-Sin" apho umphathi waseAsiriya egqoke i-helmet i-helmet ephakama phezu kweentloko zeentshaba zakhe ukuze ahlangabezane neLanga likaThixo. Okwangoku ngoku iikhumbuzo zeMbali ye-Art 101 kufuneka zikhukhumele.

  ILouvre

  I-Musée du Louvre, 75058 eParis - eFransi

  NgoLwesithathu - ngeCawa 9 ukuya ku-6 ntambama Ivule ukuya ku-9: 45 ntambama ngoLwesithathu nakwesiLwesihlanu

  Ukungeniswa kwe-€ 15

• 02 we 05

  IMetropolitan Museum of Art

  Ukususela nge-1800s I-Met isenomqoqo oqhelekileyo wobugcisa ukususela kwinkulungwane yesibhozo yeXesha leMinyaka ukuya ku-Arabhu kwinkulungwane ye-7 CE, kuquka ubugcisa obuvela eMesopotamiya, i-Tigris ne-Ewufrathe, imilambo yaseCaucasus ne-Eurasian steppes, i-Anatolia, iSiriya, Levant nge-Indus Valley.

  U-Thompson uthi igumbi lakhe elithandayo kwi-Met liGalari 401 ebonisa iindawo zokuxhoma ngamatye ukusuka kumagumbi asebukhosini eNimrud. Ubungcali bufakwe ukwenzela ukukhupha iholo lasebukhosini kunye nokukhanya okwenyama okuvela phezulu ukwenzela ukuba iindwendwe zinamava okungena kwindlu yaseAsiriya. I-Met ibuye yakha idijithali yokuvuselela idijithali engabonakaliyo apho ungayibona le mi sebenzi njengokuba yayiza kuqala kwaye ifakwe.

  Ngaba ezo nkomo ezinamaphiko zibukeka zijwayele? Eneneni bafana nalawo awalinde amasango e-Nivene kwaye atshabalaliswa yi-ISIS ngaphakathi kwiMyuziyam yaseMosul.

  The Met

  1000 eFifth Ave eNew York, NY 10028

  Ukungeniswa ngumnikelo ophakanyisiweyo. Umele uhlawule ukungena kumyuziyam, kodwa nakweyiphi na imali oyifunayo.

  Abadala abangama-$ 25

  Abadala (65 nangaphezulu) i-$ 17

  Abafundi abayi-12

  Amalungu amahhala

  Abantwana abangaphantsi kwe-12 (ehamba kunye nomntu omdala) Simahla

  Vula iintsuku ezingama-7 ngeveki
  NgeCawa-NgoLwesine: 10: 00 ekuseni-5: 30 ntambama
  NgoLwesihlanu nangomgqibelo: 10: 00 ekuseni-9: 00 ntambama

• 03 we 05

  IMonamon Museum

  Imyuziyam yasePergamo eBerlin ibizwa ngokuba yingcingo eyayigqityiweyo kwisixeko saseGrithani sasePergam ngasezantsi-ntshona yeTurkey, kodwa sinye enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo eziqokelelweyo zobugcisa be-Ancient Near East ehlabathini.

  Amagumbi alinesine anikezelwe kwiSumeriya, iBhabhiloni kunye neAsiriya efunyenwe ngabavubukuli baseJalimane. Ukugqwesa okukhulu kwiimyuziyam kuyisakhiwo sayo esidumileyo seSango likaIshtar kunye nesigxina sehholo letrone kaKumkani uNebhukadenetsare II (604 - 562 BC). Izakhiwo zahlanganiswa kwakhona ngokuxutywa kwamatena aqingqiweyo kunye nezinto zokuhlaziya kwaye zibonisa iimpawu zeengonyama, iinkunzi zeenkomo kunye neenqanawa ukufuzisela oothixo baseBhabhiloni. Ukufakwa kwesango le-Ishtar ngenye yezinto ezibonakalayo ezinkulu kwiimyuziyamu kwihlabathi.

  IMonamon Museum

  Bodestraße 1-3, 10178 eBerlin, eJamani

  NgoMvulo - ngeCawa 10 ekuseni-6 ntambama

  Ukungeniswa: € 12

• 04 we 05

  Morgan Library kunye neMyuziyam

  Phakathi kwemizobo engavamile kunye nemibhalo yesandla eyenziwa nguJP Morgan ngumqoqo weempawu ezivela kwi-Ancient Near Near echazela ibali eliqhubekayo elineminyaka engama-3 000. Egameni likaPierpont Morgan, umqokeleli waseMelika uWilliam Hayes Ward wabutha iqoqo leempawu ezi-1,157 eziboniswe kwiimyuziyam ngaphakathi kweofisi eyayisakuba yilayibrari Belle da Costa Greene.

  Nangona imibhalo yesandla kunye nobugcisa bexesha eliphakathi yayijolise ekuqoqweni kwamandla kaMorgan, naye wayethandwa kakhulu kwi-Ancient Near Near. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe njengombhanki, waxhamla ngeempawu ezincinci ezibetywe ngamatye anqabileyo okanye amathambo atyunyiwe kwisiqwenga somsila oshisayo ukuze ufake umfanekiso. Mhlawumbi bakhonza njengesiginesha kunye nesenzo sokuqhayisa isilinda sasinokuthi "ukutywinwa."

  UMorgan naye waqokelela phantse ama-tablet e-cuneiform amawaka amathathu, ubuninzi bawo ngoku yingxenye ye-Y ale Babylonian Collection. UMorgan ubonisa kwakhona ukukhethwa kwamacwecwe kunye nesitatimende ukusuka kwithuba.

  I-Morgan Library kunye neMyuziyam

  225 Madison Avenue kwi-36th Street New York, NY 10016

  Ukungena

  $ 18 Abantu abadala
  I-12 abantwana Abantwana (13-16)
  I-12 abantu abadala (65 nangaphezulu)
  I-12 yabafundi (kunye ne-ID yangoku)
  Ekhululekile kumalungu kunye nabantwana abali-12 nangaphantsi (kufuneka bahambisane nomntu omdala)
  Ukwamkelwa kukhululekile ngoLwesihlanu ukususela ngo-7: 00 ukuya ku-9: 00

  Iiyure

  NgoLwesibini ukuya kuLwesine: 10: 30 ukuya ku-5 ntambama
  NgoLwesihlanu: 10: 30 ukuya ku-9 ntambama
  NgoMgqibelo: 10 ukuya ku-6 ntambama
  NgeCawa: 11 ukuya ku-6 ntambama

• 05 we 05

  YaseMbrany Museum

  "I-Standard yase-Uri" ngokwenene yodwa yemisebenzi emikhulu yobugcisa kwihlabathi. Into engaqondakaliyo ebeyicatshangelwa ukuba yinto efanelekileyo yemfazwe, iyenziwa ngomzobo obunobumba wegobolondo, i-limestone kunye ne-lapis lazuli. Elinye icala libonisa umkhosi waseSomeria ukunyathela iintshaba zabo. I-side side ibonisa iintlanganiso-mhlawumbi umbhiyozo olandela ulwando. Kwafunyanwa ethuneni ngo-1920 ngexesha lokucandwa kwe-Uri ehlala eningizimu yeBaghdad e-Iraq.

  Eyona nto inomdla kukuba "uQueens Lyre" isicatshulwa somculo esenziwe ngokuqinisekileyo ngenjongo yokubhiyozela. I-gorge ye-beard edibeneyo ye-ndevu iyalungeleka ukuya eLondon yedwa.

  YaseMbrany Museum

  Great Russell St, eLondon WC1B 3DG, eUnited Kingdom

  NgoMvulo-ngeCawa 10: 00 ekuseni-5: 00 ntambama, ivule kude kube ngo-9: 00 ngoLwesihlanu

  Ukungena kukhululekile