Iifaki zeSizwe zeHawaii zibhiyozela iNkonzo ye-Park ye-100th Anniversary

01 ngo-06

Iipaki ezimbini zaseHawaii nazo Zizibhiyozela i-100th Anniversary

I-National Park Service iya kubhiyozela iminyaka eyi-100 kwi-Agasti 2016 kunye neepaki ezimbini zesizwe eHawaii ziya kubhiyozela ikhulu leminyaka kulo nyaka.

Iipaki zeSizwe zeHawaii zeSizwe kwiSiqithi saseHawaii kunye neHaleakala National Park kwi-Maui zijika ezili-2016.

Ngenxa yokudumisa le minyaka eyi-100, makhe sijonge kwiipaki ezisi-9 zaseHawaii zeSizwe zeeNkonzo zePaki, izikhumbuzo, indawo kunye nemizila kwiiIlawi zaseHawaii.

Isiqithi saseHawaii, isiqithi esikhulu

Isiqithi saseHawaii sihlala kwiipaki ezintathu, indawo enye kunye nomzila owodwa: I-Park yeSizwe yeHawaii, i-Kaloko-Honokohau National Historic Park, iPuuhonua o Honaunau National Historic Park, iPhuukohola Heiau National Historic Site kunye ne-Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail.

Iipaki zeSizwe zeHawaii

I-park enkulu yesizwe kwiiIlawi zaseHawaii, iPaki yeSizwe yeHawaii i-National Park iquka amahektare angama-333,086 ephakamileyo ukusuka kwinqanaba elwandle ukuya kumawaka angama-13,000.

Yiyona kuphela ipaki yesizwe yaseHawaii eneentaba-mlilo ezinomsebenzi-ezimbini zazo, ngokwenene: i-Kilauea ne-Maunaloa.

I-Kilauea, enokuthi ungayithatha ingqungquthela yomlambo e-orange kwintlambo ye-lava phantsi kwe-caldera surface yayo, iqhubekile ngokuqhubekayo ukususela ngo-1983. Ngo-Agasti 2016, ukuhamba kwelo xesha kuphinda kungene elwandle ukuvumela imibono emihle ukusuka kwelinye lwakhenketho olwandle .

Ukongezelela kokubaluleka kwayo kwimihlaba kunye nezobomi, ipaki inentsingiselo ecacileyo kwisiko laseHawaii njengendawo enezityebi ezininzi kunye nezindlu ezixabisekileyo, kwaye njengendlu engcwele kaPele, unkulunkulukazi womlilo waseHawaii. Imithetho ininzi yePele ebonakalayo engenakulinganiswa imfuno yokudala kunye nokutshabalalisa ngokufanayo; izinto zobuntu bakhe ngokucacileyo ekuboniseni kuyo yonke ipaki enkulu.

I-Mauanaloa (iMauna Loa) yagqitywa ukususela ngo-Matshi 24 ukuya kuAprili 15, 1984, nangona ithe yagqitywa enye ukukhuphuka kunye nentaba ibonise iimpawu zomsebenzi kwiminyaka yamuva.

02 we-06

Ezinye iiNgingqi zeeNkonzo zeHawaii Island National Park

I-Kaloko-Honokohau National Historic Park

Njengokuba ukubonakaliswa kwamahektare angama-1,100 wesityalo, isilwanyana kunye nolwandle, kunye ne- heiau (tempile) kunye ne- kii pohaku (i-petroglyphs), yayingenanto yokulahla ngokwaneleyo, ipaki ye-lonxweme kunye nolwandle oluqhelekileyo lwama-elitha elwandle Umzila uquka amachibi amanzi anetyuwa kunye ne- loko kuapa (i-lava rock seawalls) eyakhelwe iindawo zokuloba iintlanzi, iindawo ezinxweme ezikhuselweyo zeentaka zendalo, kunye neendawo zasemaphandleni ezisemaphandleni ze- honu .

Ukuhamba ngeesanti ezimhlophe zeHonokohau Beach kungabandakanya ukubonakala okungaqhelekiyo kwe-monk seal ye-sunk. I-Kaloko-Honokohau i-fishponds ezimbini, i-Aimakapa ne-Kaloko, kwaye ibuyiswe i-loko kuapa ibonisa ubuninzi bezobunjineli beeHawaii zakuqala ezazisungula le nxweme enqabileyo, enxweme enyakatho yeKona, yafumana ukutya kunye noluntu.

Puuhonua o Honaunau National Historic Park

Ukubonakalisa igama layo lakwaHawaii, elithetha ngesiNgesi ngokuthi "indawo yokuphephela kweHonaunau," uPuuhonua o Honaunau wanikela indawo engcwele kunye nokukhusela ngokupheleleyo kubabaleki abaphula imithetho ye- kapu yemithetho engcwele yaseHawaii, kunye nabantu ababalekela isigwebo sokufa okanye ukulimala.

Ngaphandle kweendonga zesiphephelo soogwini eHonaunau Bay kwaye zanikezelwa ngabangumbingeleli bayo, bonke bekhululekile ukubuyela kuluntu, bekhuselwe ngu- mana (amandla okomoya) e- alii ( ubukhosi) angcwatyelwa kwi-puuhonua ababekholelwa njengothixo bokukhusela.

Namhlanje, indawo ephambili ye-Coast ye-Kona ye-420-ekre, igcina indawo yendawo engcwele, iindawo zokuloba kunye ne-palm grove yeendawo zayo zobukhosi, kunye neendawo zokuhlala zokuloba eKiilae, ezinika ingqungquthela kwixesha elidlulileyo le-Hawaii.

03 we-06

Ezinye iiNgingqi zeeNkonzo zeHawaii Island National Park

I-Puukohola Heiau yeSigqeba seMbali yeSizwe

Izivakalisi kule tempile enkulu, enye yezona zakhiwo ezingcwele kunye nezokugqibela zokudibanisa ezakhiwe eHawaii, zinikezelwa ngokuqinisekileyo ngesifiso sobukhosi bukaKamehameha Omkhulu kunye nobuchule bokuqala kobugcisa bokwaseHawaii.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-heiau yaqala ngo-1790 ngemiyalelo evela ku-Kamehameha oyiNtloko, efuna ukuhlonela unqulo lwayo lwentsapho yaseKukailimoku kwaye yaqonda ukuba isiprofeto sokugqitywa kwetempile kwakuya kubangela ukudibanisa kunye nokulawula kwiIihawaii Islands.

I-heiau, emi 224 ngeenyawo ngeenyawo ezili-100 kunye neendonga zamatye eziphakamileyo ezili-16 ukuya kuma-20, zagqitywa phakathi konyaka ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umdaka.

I-Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail

Izinyathelo zabantu abahamba ngeendwendwe ezihamba nge-Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail zilandela ukuhamba kwimihla ngemihla yabantu baseHawaii abasesekuqaleni. Ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-175 ngokubanzi, umzila ulandelelwano lwenkqubo yonxweme yeendlela ezisuka kumntla we-Hawaii, isiqithi esikhulu, ngasemzantsi kunye neKhohala kunye neKona Coasts kunye neenxa zonke kumzantsi weCa Lae, ukuya kumda wempuma weHavii National Park .

Ngethuba lingakabuyiselwa kwindlela eqhubekayo, izabelo ze-Ala Kahakai zifikeleleke kuluntu ukusuka ku-Anaehoomalu Bay, kwi-Historic Site ka-Puukohola Heiau kunye ne-Park Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park. Amacandelo omzila angaphinda afumaneke kwiindawo ezibuyiselwa kwiiNtaba zeHlabathi zeHawaii, kodwa qi niqiniseke ukuba uthetha ngeengcipheko ngeemeko kunye neemeko zendlela, kunye neendawo zokuhamba, ngaphambi kokuhamba.

04 we-06

Iindawo zeeNkonzo zee-National Park ze-Oahu

Isiqithi sase-Oahu sinezindlu ezimbini zezikhumbuzo zelizwe ezimbini: iMfazwe yehlabathi ye-II iValor kwiSikhumbuzo seSizwe sasePacific kunye ne-Honouliuli National Monument.

Imfazwe Yehlabathi II Inqumlezo kwiSikhumbuzo seSizwe sePacific

Kwiminyaka engama-75 ukususela ngomhla wama-Dec. 7, 1941, ukuhlaselwa kwinqanaba laseMelika elwandle eliseMelika kwiMfazwe ye-II yehlabathi, i-lagoon yemvelo kunye neentaba zasePearl Harbour sele yindawo yokucinga ngokuthe ngqo kwiindleko zomntu kunye nemininzi yabantu Ithemba elihlala ixesha elinoxolo.

IMfazwe Yehlabathi II Ixabiso leMboniso yeSizwe ePacific ePearl Harbour likhaya le-USS Arizona Memorial - elibhekiselele kwinqanaba eliphakathi kwinqwelo yezilwanyana ezinqabileyo - ezikhumbuzo ze-USS Utah kunye ne-USS Oklahoma , kunye nezinye izakhiwo kwi-Ford yesiqithi sase-Ford kunye Kwakudala iRave Battlefield ehlobene nokuhlaselwa.

Iisayithi zabahlanganyeli kwiSikhumbuzo se-NPS, ziqokelelwe njengeziqithi ze-Pearl Harbor Historic Sites, zibandakanya iBattleship Missouri Memorial, i-USS Bowfin Submarine Museum kunye nePark, kunye ne-Pacific Museum Aviation Museum.

Uninzi lwaselwandle - okokuqala lunikezwa amagama aseHawaii, iPuuloa ("intaba ende") kunye neWai Momi ("amanzi epharale") - ihlala isisiseko se-US Navy ne-Air Force esisiseko, esaziwa ngokuba yi-Joint Base Pearl Harbour-Hickam.

Isikhumbuzo seSizwe se-Honouliuli

Nangona ingekaze ivulekele uluntu, indawo elawulwayo yeHawaii yeSizwe yeHlabathi ijolise ukugcina ummakishi obalulekileyo wamandulo waseMerika ukuba ngelixa elimnyama nelibuhlungu, lifanele likhunjulwe nolwazi ngezizukulwana ezizayo.

Utyunjwe isikhumbuzo sesizwe nguMongameli uBarack Obama ngoFebruwari 2015, u-Honouliuli yayiyindawo yeyona nto eyona inkulu kakhulu kunazo zonke eWawaii yokuSebenza kweMfazwe yehlabathi.

Ngaphezulu kweminyaka emithathu yokusebenza, ukususela ngo-1943 ukuya ku-1946, i-Honouliuli Internment Camp yabanjwa ngabantu ababalelwa kuma-4 000 abantu baseJapan, baseKorea, eOkinawan, eTaiwanese, eJamani naseNtaliyane njengabakhonzi bemfazwe.

Abaninzi abavalelwe bebahlali baseHawaii abahlala eJapan-baseMelika, abanjwe e-Honouliuli ngelixa bekulindele ukudluliselwa kwiinkampu zoqeqesho zase-Mainland zase-US. Xa ivula, iSikhumbuzo seSizwe se-Honouliuli siya kubelana ngembali ye-internment, umthetho wokulwa kunye nolwazi lwamabanjwa emfazwe eHawaii ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

05 ka 06

Indawo yeNgingqi ye-Maui yeNkonzo

Isiqithi saseMaui sihlala kwipaki yesizwe esisodwa, iHaleakala National Park.

Haleakala National Park

I-landscape ye-volcanic eyingqayizivele njengoko ingcwele; U-Haleakala ucebile ngamabali asekuqaleni kwenkcubeko yaseHawaii kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kweentlobo (umhlaba) kunye ne- kanaka maoli (abantu baseHawaii basekuhlaleni).

Okokuqala ugqunywe ngamanyathelo okhokho, iindawo zokuhamba ngeepaki zikhokela iindwendwe kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo-imvula yamanzi e-emerald, i-red cinder dessert kunye ne-high-elevation yamahlathi ase-shrub, phakathi kwabo-imini yokukhawuleza kunye nokuphulukana kwamabili kwihlabathi lemvelo.

Ukubambisa i-sunrise ehamba phambili-ehlala ihamba phambili (kunye nokushona kwelanga) ukusuka kwintlanganiso ye-Haleakala yokuphakama kweenyawo ezili-10,023-ukuphakama kwe-Maui ephakamileyo-kukuphela kweendlela zokuhamba kwiindwendwe zesiqithi zokuqala.

Phakathi kwama-acti angama-33,200, ukusuka kuluntu lwamanqanaba aseLwandle olusentshonalanga-ntshona ye-Kaupo ukuya ku-Maui e-ntshonalanga yonxweme olukude ukuya kwintlambo ye-volleyball, i-Haleakala National Park, njengezo zonke iindawo ze-NPS ezinkulu, zivuza ngokuphindaphindiweyo iindwendwe. Njenga-NPS, ipaki ibhiyozela ukuzalwa kwayo kwangama-100 kulo nyaka.

06 we-06

Indawo yeSizwe yeNkonzo yeMoloka`i

Isiqithi saseMoloka`i sihlala kwipaki yesizwe esisodwa: i-Kalaupapa National Historical Park.

IPalaupapa National Historical Park

Kwixesha elingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka indawo yokuhlaliswa kwezigulane ezixhatshazwa yi-Hansen's (i-leprosy), i-peninsula ephawulileyo, ephazimulayo ngoku ihlonipha ukunyamezela komoya wesintu kwaye ikhumbula izivakalisi isahluko esibuhlungu kwimbali yaseHawaii.

NgoJanuwari 1866, izigulane ezingama-Hansen zezifo zathathwa kwiintsapho zazo, zahlula emphakathini, zathunyelwa eKalaupapa, zachithwa ngumsebenzi osandul 'uhulumeni waseHawaii odinga ukuba kubekwa bonke abantu ababethatywe zizifo ezingenakuphilisa kunye nezifo.

Ngokwe-1969 isenzo sokupheliswa, izigulane ezingama-8,000 zaphoqelelwa ukuba zifudule eKalaupapa, ezikude kunye nehlabathi ngokuqhekeza i-currents of sea and currents 3,000-foot cliffs.

Izigulana ezimbalwa zihlala, ngokuzikhethela, kwiCalaupapa, efikeleleke kuphela ngokuhamba kwee-mule okanye ukunyuka kweendwendwe ezinqabileyo ezinxwemeni zaso zentlambo, okanye ngeendiza ezithintela kwi-airstrip encinane yokuhlala.

Ukungena kwePaki kunqongophe kwiindwendwe ezili-100 imihla ngemihla kwaye zonke iindwendwe kufuneka zilungiswe. Ithuba lokufunda malunga nembali yokuhlala kunye nabemi, kunye nemvelo yendalo eyenza ipensile ebonakalayo, kodwa, kufunekakile.