Ifayile yeFidel Castro yangaphambili

UFidel Castro Ruz wazalwa ngo-Agasti 13, ngo-1926, kwisityalo seswekile kwimpuma yeCuba, unyana weSpain ogunyazisiweyo womhlaba kunye nomkhonzi wendlu. Isithethi esinamandla kunye nesisiseko, ngokukhawuleza kwavela njengenye yeenkokheli ekunyuseni okunyukayo ngokuchasana noFulgencio Batista.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1950, uMnu. Castro wayekhokela amandla amakhulu okulwa nesigodlo esiseSierra Maestra Mountains eCuba, kwicandelo elisempuma-mpuma yelizwe. Ukunqoba kwebutho likaBatista ekugqibeleni kwafika ngoJanuwari 1959, kwaye amaqhawe akhe anqobayo, amaninzi awo ndebhinqa kwaye egqoke amafutha, ahamba waya eHaana. Ukunqoba kwakhe kwanokungena kwinqanaba laseCuban lithatha ingqalelo kwihlabathi. Ngokukhawuleza waqondisa ilizwe kwi-communism-ukubandakanya iifama kunye nokuhlawulela ibhanki namashishini, kuquka iipropati ze-US ezingaphezu kwe-1 billion. Inkululeko yezopolitiko yanyuswa kwaye abagxeki bakaRhulumente bavalelwa. UCharank Calzon, umgqugquzeli wentando yeninzi yaseCuban, uthi abaninzi abalandeli bakhe bexesha elilodwa baphazamiseka baza babalekela esi siqithi. "Ngumntu owenza izithembiso ezininzi kubantu baseCuban." Abantu beCubans babeya kuba nenkululeko. Baya kuba noorhulumente onyanisekileyo, "kusho uCalzon. "Baya kuba nokubuyela kumgaqo-siseko," kusho uCalzon. "Kunoko, into awabanika yona yayinguhlobo lwe-Stalinist urhulumente." Mnu. U-Castro wakhuthaza ukusebenzisana ngokusondeleyo neSoviet Union, umgaqo-nkqubo owabeka iCuba kwikhosi yokudibanisa ne-United States. IWashington yamisa i-trade embargo e-Cuba ngo-1960 kwaye yaqhekeza ubudlelwane bezobudlelwane phakathi kwezopolitiko ekuqaleni kowe-1961. Ngo-Apreli waloo nyaka, i-United States ixhobile kwaye ilandelelanise ukuhlaselwa okungalunganga kwabathunjiweyo baseCuban, okwahlula ngokulula kwi-Bay of Pigs. Ngomnye umva kamva, iCuba yayiphakathi kwenkqubela phakathi kweWashington noMoscow malunga nokufakwa kwezixhobo zenyukliya zaseSoviet esiqithi. Imfazwe yenyukliya yachithwa ngokukhawuleza. Emva kweengxaki zeMiskle, uMnu. Castro wakha imikhosi yakhe kwaye wathumela imikhosi yakhe ehlabathini lonke kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zoMbane weCold, njenge-Angola. Kwakhona waxhasa ukunyakaza kwama-guerrilla eLatin America kuma-1960 nakwa-70 kwizame zokusasaza u-communism kwi-hemisphere. U-diplomat wase-US kunye no-Cuba uchwepheshe u-Wayne Smith uthi uMicro Castro wenza iCuba ibe ngumdlali wamazwe ngamazwe. "Ndicinga ukuba uya kukhunjulwa njengenkokeli eyayibeka iCuba kwimephu yehlabathi," watsho uSmith. "Ngaphambi kokuba i-Castro, i-Cuba ithathwa njengento ethile ye-republic ye-banana. I-Union, e-Asia, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo eLatin America. "Ngexesha elifanayo, uMnu. Castro wamisela inkqubo yokunakekelwa kwempilo kunye nemfundo eyaphakamisa iCuba phakathi kweentlanga eziphezulu kwilizwe elikhulayo kwizinga eliphezulu lokufunda nokubhala nokufa kwabantwana abancinane. Ezi nkqubo ziphumelele kakhulu kwinxalenye yemali evela eMoscow. Ngethuba i-Soviet Union yawa ekuqaleni kwee-1990, iCuba yayifumana i-$ 6 yezigidi ngonyaka kwiinkxaso zeSoviet. Ezi mpu melelo yentlalontle yabakho kwiindleko zamalungelo oluntu kunye nentando yeninzi. Abaphikisanayo baphoswa entolongweni kwaye abo babemangalisa babedla ngokubethwa yi-pro-government mobs. "UFidel Castro wagcina amandla ngenxa yoloyiko, ngokusetyenziswa kwamapolisa eyimfihlo, ngokuphatha iipolitiki, njengokuba uSalin wenza okanye nje ngoHitler," watsho uCalzon. Ukunyamalaka kwama-Soviet inkxaso ekuqaleni kwawo-1990 kwakha iCuba ibe yinto yokudakumba kwaye unyanzelekile urhulumente ukuba enze ulungiso oluthile loqoqosho, olufana nokumisela ukusetyenziswa kwedola kunye nokuvumela amashishini amashishini abucala afana nezitishi zokuqhuba. Kodwa uMnu. Castro waphikisana nawa manqanaba amancinci kwiimarike zamahhala kwaye waqhawula phantsi kokukhawuleza kweengxaki zezoqoqosho. Watsho iingxaki zezoqoqosho zeCuba kwi-embargo yorhwebo yase-US kwaye wayehlala ephethe iindibano ze-anti-American e-Havana ukugxeka iUnited States. Kwiminyaka yakhe kamva, uMnu. Castro wahlakulela ubuhlobo obuqinileyo kunye nentsebenziswano nomongameli waseVenezuela ongumshicileli, uHugo Chavez. Ngokubambisana, loo madoda asebenze ukulwa nefuthe laseMelika kwiLatin America - kwaye wafumana impumelelo ethile ekuququzeleleni imizwa engqubuzana neAmerica kwilizwe .Umnye uchwepheshe waseCuba, uTomat Paterson weYunivesithi yaseConnecticut, uthelekisa uMnu. Castro nomkhokeli waseTshayina uMao Zedong, kwaye ukholelwa ukuba uya kukhunjulwa ngale ndlela. "Ndicinga ukuba uya kukhunjulwa nje ngokuba uMao Zedong ukhunjulwa e-China njengomntu onqothula inkqubo ekhohlakeleyo, eyongqinela, eyabonakalisa uhlanga lwakhe, owatshabalalisa abantu bezinye iintlanga," watsho uPaterson . "Ngexesha elifanayo, njengokuba kunjalo neChina yokuhlaziya iMao namhlanje, kuya kuba nokugxekwa ngaye njengobuqhawe, ukunyanzela nokubeka imihlatshelo engaqinisekanga kubantu baseCuban."