Kwabaninzi abahamba ngeenqwelo-moya e-Antarctica yiyona ndawo ehamba phambili. Emva koko, amanye amazwekazi amathandathu alula ukufikelela kuwo, kwaye akusiyo yonke into engavamile ukutyelela ezo ndawo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzimela ezizimeleyo okanye ezihleliweyo. Kodwa i-Antarctica ithatha inzame - ingakhankanyi imali eninzi - ebeka ngaphandle kwimeko yokuba kuninzi lwabahambi.
Kodwa ke, kwathiwa, amawaka abantu bavakatye kwilizwekazi eliqhoqhokazi ngalinye elibubonga ngubonga baseAntarctic abaqhubi bee-Quark Expeditions kunye nezikhokelo zokuhamba ezifana ne-Adventure Network International.
Uninzi lwale nkampani lilungu loMbutho we-International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators (IAATO), umbutho ozinikezele ekukhuthazeni ukhenketho oluzinzileyo nolondolozo kwi-Antarctica. Kule minyaka, i-IAATO incede ekuqulunqeni imimiselo ebalulekileyo kunye nezikhokelo zamalungu ayo aklanyelwe ukugcina abahamba ngokukhuselekileyo xa bekhusela indawo engqongileyo yaseLwandle lwaseMzantsi kunye neAntarctic ngokwayo.
I-Antarctica ngeNombolo
Unyaka ngamnye, i-IAATO ikhupha amanqaku athile anomdla kwixesha lwakutshanje lwe-Antarctic, eliqala ngoNovemba kwaye liqhuba ngoFebruwari. Ngelo thuba, iindwendwe eziya kummandla ziya kwenza konke ukususela kwihambo lokunethezeka ukuya kwiqhweba ezilikhulu leeekhilomitha ukuya kwi-South Pole, kunye nezinye izinto ezinokukhetha phakathi .Abathengi baye bafumanisa ukuba i-Antarctica iyindawo efuna ukunyamezela nokungaxoleli maxesha, kodwa ukuba yinto enhle kakhulu kwaye inomvuzo.
Inombolo enomdla kakhulu ukuphuma kwingxelo ka-2016 ye-IAATO kukuba abantu abayi-38,478 bavakatye kwi-Antarctic ngeli xesha. Oku kubonisa ukwanda kwe-4.6% kunyaka odlulileyo, kodwa kuphantsi kwexesha eliphakamileyo lika-2007-2008, xa abantu abangama-46 265 bahamba baya ehlabathini eliphantsi.
Kodwa kwathiwa, inhlangano ibonise ukuba abantu abangama-43 885 baya kuhamba ngelo xesha nge-2016-2017 ngexesha elinomdla kulo mmandla likhula phakathi kwabahambi be-adventure, kwaye abantu abaninzi bafumana ingeniso yokuqonda eya kubavumela ukuba batyelele indawo enjalo.
Ukugqithisa iNxweme yaseMzantsi kunye nePeninsula yase-Antarctic
Mhlawumbi unomdla ngakumbi nangona kunjalo ke bonke abo bahambayo bafikelela kwiAntarctic. I-IAATO ithi ininzi yabo ikhona nje ukuba ihambe emanzini eMzantsi oLwandle kwaye ihlolisise ulwandle olunxwemeni olufunyenwe kwilizwekazi elinqabileyo. Ngokwezibalo zemibutho, kuphela i-1.1% yeendwendwe ezishiya ngasemva konxweme kwaye zihlolisise ngaphakathi kwilizwekazikazi. Oku kungenxa yokuba iindawo ze-Antarctica ezikude kunzima ukufikelela kunye neemeko zemozulu zinzima nakakhulu kunokuba zikunxweme. Olunye u-98.9% weendwendwe unamathela kwi-Peninsula yase-Antarctic, abanye bengalokothi bayeke iinqanawa zabo zokuhamba emanzini. Iimpawu zibonisa ukuba kunjalo, ukuba uhambo olwandle lunikeza abagibeli ithuba lokuphuma kwiinqanawa zabo ziya kunyuka. Ezi zikhetho zikhona kuphela kwiinqanawa ezithwele abahamba ngaphantsi kwama-500, nangona kunjalo, ngokuhambelana ne-Antarctic Treaty System.
WeSizwe soTyelelo
AmaMerika kunye nesiTshayina zizwe ezimbini ezivakashela i-Antarctica kakhulu, kunye nabangaphambili bakha i-33% yazo zonke iindwendwe, ngelixa lesi sibini sifika kwisibini esikude kunye ne-12%. Amanani e-IAATO anika ubungqina obuninzi bokukhula kweChina kwimarike yokuhamba, njengoko abo bakhenkethi babone ukunyuka ngokukhawulezayo kwiminyaka yamuva. Okwangoku, ama-Australia, amaJamani kunye nabahamba ngeBrithani bajikeleza uninzi lweendwendwe kwi-Antarctic.
I-IAATO sele isebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwe-25, kwaye iyaqhubeka ifuna iindlela zokuphucula icandelo elikhenketho lezokhenketho kwi-Antarctic. Enye yeyona nkxalabo enkulu kwintlangano yindlela yokulawula ukukhula njengomdla wokuhamba nge-Antarctic. Ukongezelela ekuqhubeni umda wonxweme, ukhetho oluninzi lwezakhono ezifana nokweqa isiqhelo sokugqibela kwi-South Pole luba luye lwaziwa kakhulu.
Ukuvumela ukuba kwenzeke ngoxa kuqhubeka ukukhusela iindawo ezikude kunye nezibuthathaka zihlala ziinjongo ezibalulekileyo, ngokukodwa njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu luba yinkxalabo enkulu kummandla.
UkuKhenketho okuKhuselekileyo kwi-Antarctic
Kwisikhululo sokupapashwa sichaza la manani, uMlawuli oyiNtloko we-IAATO uDkt. Kim Crosbie uthe le nto ithi: "Iminyaka engama-25 edlulileyo ibonise ukuba ngolawulo olucwangcisiweyo kunokwenzeka ukuba iindwendwe zikwazi ukufumana i-Antarctica ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ummandla. Nangona kunjalo, ukunqwenela ukutyelela i-Antarctica kucacile ukuba kunjalo i-IAATO kufuneka yakhele kwiziseko ezibekwe kwixesha elidlulileyo ukuhlangabezana nemingeni namathuba ezayo ukwenzela ukuxhasa ulondolozo lwexesha elide lwe-Antarctica. "
Ukuba uceba ukutyelela i-Continental Continent ngexesha elizayo kwixesha elizayo, qiniseka ukuba ngubani ohamba naye kunye nelungu le-IAATO. Ezi nkampani zithembisa ukunyusa imigangatho yezokhenketho eziphathekayo kunye nezoxanduva kummandla, obangela umngcipheko wokuba nefuthe elinzulu ngenani labahambi abaye bayityelela ngonyaka.