Indawo yokwakha yaseGeorgia enye yezona ndawo zicacisa ifa lase-Ireland, ngokukodwa kwimizi yasezidolophini. Zonke iindawo ezisemagqabini aseIreland kunye nezinye iidolophana ezincinci, zenzelwe kwaye zakhiwa kwiingcamango zobuhle be-"Georgians". Kwaye xa abantu namhlanje bethetha ngomzekelo "isiGeorgia Dublin", bahlala bebhekiselele kwingingqi encinci yesiqingatha sowesixeko , malunga noMerrion Square, iSt Stephen Steven, kunye neFitzwilliam Square .
Ngenxa yokuba le mimandla (kunye ne-Square Joy Square kwiNorwayside) ichazwa ngokwenene ngumbumba wokwakha oqhelekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo kwixesha lesiGeorgia kwi-Irish (naseBrithani).
Ngoko, makhe sifumane izinto ezibalulekileyo malunga "nezakhiwo zaseGeorgia", kwiseshoni efutshane kakhulu:
I-Georgian Architecture - Yintoni egameni?
Isakhiwo saseGeorgia asikho esinye isicatshulwa esichaziweyo. I-appellation yiyo yonke into, kwaye kaninzi mhlawumbi ngokuqhelekileyo, igama lisetyenziswe kwisethi yokwakha izitayela ezazisetyenziswa phakathi kwe-1720 neye-1830. Igama lidibaniswa ngqo namaHanoveri ngoko kwiTrone yaseBrithani-George I, uGeorge II, uGeorge III, kwaye (uqikelele ngoku ngoku) uGeorge IV. La madoda alawula iBrithani ne-Ireland ngokulandelana ngokuqhubekayo, ukususela ngo-Agasti 1714, kwaye iphelile ngoJuni 1830.
Ngaba yayisinye isitayela sokwakha bonke? Hayi ngokwenene, ngaphandle kwemida engaphezu kweyesiGeorgia njengeRoyal Pavilion eBrighton (eyakhelwe uGeorge IV xa wayesesebenza kwaye eyaziwa ngokuba ngu-Prince Regent, ngenxa yeGeorge III ngokulahlekelwa phantsi kweemabula zakhe), kwakukho iintlobo ezininzi kunezinye iso kwi "style Georgian".
Ungalindela ukuba ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka, akunjalo?
Enyanisweni, i-Encyclopaedia Britannica ekungeneni kwayo kwi "style Georgian" ichaza ukuba "iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwakhiwa, ubugcisa bendawo, kunye nobugcisa bokubhabhisa eBrithani [bebenoku] ukuhluka kunye nokuchithwa kwindlela yokudweba ngeli xesha mhlawumbi echanekileyo ukuthetha 'ngeendlela zesiGeorgia.' "INgqina elincinci, kodwa kubalulekile, ubuninzi.
Kodwa siya kubambelela ngolu hlobo olubanzi jikelele apha, ngoko ke ndixolele ngelixa ndiyeka le ninzi ngobuninzi bezemfundo.
Iinjongo zobuGeorgia eziphuhliswayo
Isimboli saseGeorgia sasingumzukeli, kodwa kungekhona umntwana wendalo "weBaroque yesiNgesi", owaziwa kakhulu ngabaqulunqi abanjengoSir Christopher Wren noNicholas Hawksmoor. Kukho ixesha lokutshintsha, xa izakhiwo zihlala zigcinwe izinto ezithile zeBaroque, kodwa iScotsman uColen Campbell utshitshise indawo, ukukhuthaza indawo entsha yokwakha. Yaye ipapasha oku kwinqanaba lakhe elithi " Vitruvius Britannicus , okanye uMyili weBritish".
Nangona kunjalo akukho ndlela entsha yokudibanisa yenziwe ikhowudix kule ndawo - endaweni yoko, iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zezinto zafika ngaphambili. Abanye babo bacinga ukuba badala, kodwa batshintshwa.
Eyona ndawo, kwaye mhlawumbi i-iconic yexesha lokuqala "isitayela saseGeorgia", yayiyi-architectural Palladian. Ebizwa emva, kwaye ephefumlelwe, umyili waseVenice u-Andrea Palladio (1508 ukuya ku-1580). Ngokugxininisa ngamandla kwi-symmetry, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kusekelwe kwizakhiwo zobugcisa zethempeli.
Malunga no-1765, i-Neoclassical yaba yindlela yokuhamba ... isitayela saphinda saphuthuka ukusuka kwindlela yokwakha yaseklasini, iquka imigaqo ye-Vitruvian, kwaye isacacisa u-Andrea Palladio njengomzekelo wezakhiwo.
Kodwa ke, kuninzi kakhulu kune-Rococo yaseYurophu, eneempahla ezingaphantsi.
Isigaba sesithathu esibalulekileyo "kwisimboli saseGeorgia" kwakuyisimboli seRegency, kwakhona uphuhliso oluvela kwi-Neoclassical, nge-addition play of some elegance. Ukwenza izakhiwo zeRegency nje nje ezincinci kakhulu kunabakuqala. IiRegency izindlu ezikhethiweyo zakhiwa njengemimandla okanye iifrescents, xa kunokwenzeka, kunye neenkonkcoza zensimbi zeebhalkoni, kwakunye neefestile zomnsalo, zonke iindawo zomsindo.
Omnye unokuphinda akhulume ukuvuselelwa kwesiGrike apha-isitayela esondelelene kakhulu ne-Neoclassical, kodwa ngefowuni eyongeziweyo yohluenism. Esinye sezakhiwo ezibalulekileyo kule ndlela siza kuba yi -Ofisi yePosenti jikelele yeDublin .
Indlela yokwakha yaseGeoorgia eyakhiwa ngayo
Ngokwezibalo zemathematika - ngokomzekelo, ukuphakama kwefestile bekuphantse kufumaneke ngokumalunga nobubanzi bayo, ukuma kwamagumbi kwakusekelwe kwiikerubhi, ukulingana kwakunqweneleka kakhulu.
Ukuhlaselwa kwizinto ezisiseko, njengelitshe le-ashlar, ngokuchaneka ngokuchanekileyo kwempi, lalibhekwa njengeyona nto yendalo.
Konke kwehla ukudala ukulinganisa kunye nokuthobela imithetho yeklasikhi.
Ekucwangciseni iidolophu, njengamaxesha e-boom kwixesha le-18 leminyaka yaseDublin, ukuhlala kwimizi yasendlwini kunye nesitalato, okanye kwi-square, kwakubaluleke ngakumbi kunokuba kubonakaliswe ngabanye ngabanikazi basekhaya. Enyanisweni, amaxesha amaninzi afotshwa, ayenemibala "Imizi yaseDublin" yayiya kuba mnyama ngokuqhelekileyo ngamaxesha aseGeorgia.
Ngokuphathelene nezinto zokwakha, izitena ezizithobayo, okanye amatye aqingqiweyo, yayisiseko. Ngezitena ezibomvu okanye zeetan kunye nomsebenzi wamatye omhlophe, ukulawula - ngokuphindaphindiweyo unikezelwa ngopende olumhlophe.
Indlela yokwenza i-Architecture yaseGeorgia
Ezi ziimpawu eziphambili zezakhiwo zaseGeorgia, kodwa zikhumbule iintlobo zezitayela ngaphakathi kwesitayela, njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla:
- Ininzi izindlu zifana nebhokisi elula, ngokuqhelekileyo ngamagumbi amabini aphantsi, kunye nokulungelelaniswa ngokulinganayo kwazo zonke iinkcukacha;
- umnyango wangaphambili (okanye iimbalini zengcango kwizinto ezinkulu) ziza kuba ziphambili, zifakwe ngefestile yeefestile, kwaye zifakwe isithsaba esincinci okanye esincinci, esivame ukuxhaswa ngama-pilasters okuhlobisa - " amadolophu aseDublin " adumile le ndlela;
- bekuya kubakho i-cornice, edla ngokugqithiswa ngokubunjwa kwezinto zokubumba okanye ukuphosa;
- Iifestile zaza kuba zi-multi-paned, zonke iifestile ziya kulungiswa ngokulinganayo;
- Iifestile zeesashiti ezincinci (kunye neefestile ze-dormer) ziza kusetyenziswa kwiindawo eziphezulu, apho iindawo zokuhlala zabasebenzi.
Kwaye ekugqibeleni: Ngaba i-Georgian Architecture iyatholakala kuphela kwiDublin?
Akunjalo - imizekelo yesitayela, kunye neqondo elifaniyo lokwakha kunye nokulondolozwa, lingafumaneka kwi-Ireland yonke. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkulu idolophini, bhetele ithuba lokufumana izakhiwo zaseGeorgia. Ngokomzekelo, idolophu encinane yaseBirr e- County Offaly , iyaziwa njengelifa leGeorgia.
Kodwa qaphela, ngezihlandlo ezi zinto aziyi kuba yizakhiwo zaseGeorgia, kodwa izakhiwo zanamhlanje zibuyisela "isiGeorgia". Kungenxa yokuba, kumandla ayo, ekulinganiseni kwayo, isayithokozisa kwiso. Kwaye oko kuye kwahlala kungenamsebenzi. Yintoni enokuthiwa ngumqondiso wempumelelo yangempela.