UCarl B. Stokes uyaziwa ngokuba nguMeya wase-Cleveland wama-51 - oyintloko-dolophu waseMelika wase-United States. Kwakhona lijoni, igqwetha, ilungu le-Ohio House of Representatives, umsasazo, ijaji, uyise, umzalwana kwiCongressman, kunye ne-ambassador yase-US.
Minyaka yo kuqala
UKarl Burton Stokes wazalelwa eCleveland ngowe-1927 unyana wesibini kaCharles noLouise Stokes. Abazali bakhe bevela eGeorgia kwaye beza ngasenyakatho ngeli xesha "Ukufuduka Okukhulu" ekuphandeleni amathuba angcono kwezentlalo kunye noqoqosho.
Uyise wayengumhlanjisi kunye nonina umfazi ococa. UCharles Stokes wafa xa uCarl eneminyaka emibili ubudala kwaye unina wakhulisa abafana bakhe kwiprojekthi yezindlu zase-Outhwaite izindlu kwi-E 69th St.
Kwimpi
Unqwenela ukuphunyuka ubuhlwempu obuncinane, uStekes waphuma esikolweni esiphakamileyo ngo-1944 waza wasebenza ngokufutshane ngoT Thompson Products (kamva ukuba yi-TRW). Ngo-1945, wajoyina umkhosi. Emva kokuphuma kwakhe ngo-1946, wabuyela eCleveland; kugqiba isikolo esiphakeme; kwaye, ngokuxhaswa yiYilwayo ye-GI, waphumelela kwiYunivesithi yaseMinnesota kwaye kamva kwiCleveland Marshall Law School.
Ubomi bezobupolitika
U-Stokes waqala umsebenzi wakhe wezopolitiko kwiofisi yomtshutshisi waseCleveland. Ngowe-1962, wanyulwa kwiNdlu yase-Ohio House of Representatives, umsebenzi awawubambelele emithathu. Ngowe-1965, wahlukunyezwa ngokunyanzela umphathi-dolophu waseCleveland. Wagijima kwakhona ngo-1967 waza wambetha (wayenama-50.5% evoti) uSeth Taft, umzukulu ka Mongameli uWilliam H.
Taft. Ngokusinqoba kwakhe, ixesha le-politiki yamnyama e-US liye lafika.
UMeya wokuqala weMeya waseMerika
I-Stokes ilizuze i-Cleveland eyayihlanjululwa ngokobuhlanga, malunga nawo onke ama-Clevelanders abamnyama (99.5%) abahlala ecaleni lasempuma yoMlambo waseCuyahoga, abaninzi bahlala kwiindawo eziguga, eziguga.
I-Stokes yandisa irhafu yengeniso yedolophu kwaye yaphumelela imvume yokuvota kwezikolweni, izindlu, i-zoo, kunye nezinye iiprojekthi zedolophu. Wadala "i-Cleveland Now!" Inkqubo, inhlangano exhaswa ngemali eyimali ukuxhasa uninzi lweemfuno zoluntu.
Inkuthalo yakudala yolawulo lwakhe yaphazamiseka xa i-Cleveland (enkulu kakhulu ebomnyama) yaseGlenville yakha ubundlobongela ngo-1968. Xa yafunyanwa ukuba abaququzeleli beemvukelo babefumene inkxaso kwi-"Cleveland Now!", Iminikelo yomekile kwaye ukuthembeka kukaStkesk . Wakhetha ukungafuni ikhefu lesithathu.
Umsasazo, uMgwebi, uManyanisi
Emva kokushiya iofisi kaMeyi ngo-1971, uStekes wathuthela kwisixeko saseNew York, apho waba ngumbutho wokuqala wase-Afrika-waseMelika kuloo mzi ngowe-1972. Ngo-1983 wabuyela eCleveland ukuba abe ngumgwebi kamasipala, isithuba esabanjwa iminyaka eyi-11 . Ngo-1994, uMongameli uClinton wammisela uMmeli wase-United States kwiRiphabhulikhi yaseSychelles.
Usapho
U-Stokes washada kathathu: UShirley Edwards ngo-1958 (baqhawula ngo-1973) kunye no-Raija Kostadinov ngo-1981 (baqhawula ngo-1993) kwakhona ngo-1996. Wayenabantwana abane-uCarl Jr, uCordi, uCordell noCynthia . Umntakwabo ungumongameli we-US, uLouis Stokes. Abantakwabo baquka uJaji waseCleveland u-Angela Stokes kunye nomshicileli weendaba uLori Stokes.
Ukufa
UCarl Stokes wafumanisa ukuba unomhlaza wesifo xa ehleli eSychelles. Wabuyela ekuphathweni kwiKliniki yaseCleveland, apho wafa ngo-1996. Uncwatyelwe eCamveland yaseLake View Amangcwaba , apho i-marker engummangaliso ithi "u-Ambassador uCarl B. Stokes," umsebenzi ayezidla kakhulu. Ngomhla wesi-21 kaJuni ngomhla wesibhiyozo sokuzalwa kwakhe, iqela laseClevelanders ligubha ubomi bakhe kwindawo engcwabeni.
> Imithombo
> UCarl B. Stokes kunye noMandla oMnyama wezobupolitika , uLeonard N. Moore; IYunivesithi yase-Illinois Press; 2002
I-Encyclopedia yeCleveland History , yahlanganiswa kwaye yahlelwa nguDavid D. Tassel noJohn J. Grabowski; IYunivesithi ye-Indiana University; 1987; kwiphepha 670
> Izithembiso zoMbane: I-Political Autobiography , uCarl B. Stokes; USimon noSphuster; 1973