Isikhokelo soMveleli kwiSt. Petros Basilica kwisixeko saseVatican
Njengenye yezona nkalo ezibalulekileyo zekholo lamaKatolika kunye necawa-enkulu kunazo zonke ehlabathini, iSt. Peter's Basilica yenye yezinto eziphezulu zokubona kwiSixeko saseVatican naseRoma. Ngomdaka walo okhangayo, indawo ephambili ye-cityscape yaseRoma, kunye neendawo zayo ezintle, uSt Peter Petros, ngaphandle kokungathandabuzeki, uyavuya emehlweni. Kwabaninzi, kukugqwesa kokutyelela eRoma, kunye nesizathu esihle.
Zomibini zangaphakathi kunye neengaphakathi ze-basilica zenzelwe ukugqithisa, kwaye ziphumelele ukwenza njalo. I- Piazza San Pietro (e-Saint Peter Square Square) ephakamileyo, i- Piazza San Pietro (i-Saint Peter's Square) isebenza ngokungena kwi-basilica enkulu, kunye nokunyuka kwayo kunye neemabula ezibonakalayo, i-stone, i-mosaic kunye ne-ornamentation.
Icawa idonsa izigidi zeendwendwe unyaka ngamnye, kubandakanywa nalabo abatyelelwe kwizizathu zonqulo kunye nabo banomdla kwizembali, zobugcisa kunye nokubaluleka kwezakhiwo. Kwakhona indawo yokuphumla yabaninzi bamapapa kuquka uJohn Paul II kunye no-Saint Peter, ipapa yokuqala yeNgqobhoko kunye nomsunguli weCawa yamaKatolika.
AmaPilgrim aqhubela phambili kwi-Saint Peter ngexesha leeholide zonqulo, njengeKrisimesi nePasika, njengoko upapa wenza abantu abakhethekileyo kwi-basilica ngeli xesha. Unika iintsikelelo kwiKrisimesi nePasika, kunye nentsikelelo yakhe yokuqala xa ekhethiweyo, ukusuka kwibhantshi yefestile ephakathi kwangena kwi-atrium.
USt. Peter eRoma
Imfundiso yobuKristu ithi uPetros wayengumdobi waseGalili owaba ngumnye wabapostile baka-12 abazalwana bakaKristu kwaye waqhubeka nokukhuthaza iimfundiso zikaYesu emva kokufa kwakhe ngokubethelelwa esiphambanweni. UPetros, kunye noMpostile uPawulos, waya eRoma waza wakha ibandla labalandeli bakaKristu.
Eyesaba ukutshutshiswa ngenxa yeemfundiso zakhe, uPetros wathi wayebaleke eRoma, kuphela ukuba ahlangabezane nombono kaYesu njengoko wayesendleleni yokuphuma kuloo mzi. Oku kwamqinisekisa ukuba abuyele eRoma aze abhekane nokubulawa kwakhe. Bobabini uPetros noPawulos babulawa ngumyalelo woMlawuli waseRoma uNero, emva kweMlilo Omkhulu waseRoma ngo-64 AD kodwa ngaphambi kokufa kukaNero ngo-68 AD. UMoya oyiNgcwele uPetros wabethelelwa esiphambanweni, esityholwa kwisicelo sakhe.
UPetros wabulawa kwi-Circus of Nero, indawo yeethamnethi kunye nemidlalo kwinqanaba elingasentshona yoMlambo iTiber. Wangcwatyelwa kufuphi, emangcwabeni asetyenziselwa abafel 'ukholo abangamaKristu. Ingcwaba lakhe laza kwaba yindawo yokuhlonela, kunye namanye amangcwaba angamaKristu awakhawuleza, njengokuba abathembekileyo bafuna ukuthethwa kunye noSt Peter. Kuba amaKatolika, indima kaPetros njengomPostile, kunye neemfundiso zakhe nokufa kwakhe eRoma kwamnika isihloko soBhishophu wokuqala waseRoma, okanye uPapa wokuqala wamaKatolika.
I-Saint Peter's Basilica History
Ngekhulu le-4, uMlawuli uKonstantine, umbusi wokuqala wamaKristu waseRoma, wayejongene nokwakhiwa kwe-basilica kwindawo yokungcwaba uSt Peter. Ngoku ngoku kuthiwa yi-Old Saint Peter's Basilica, le cawa yema iminyaka engaphezu kwe-1 000 kwaye yayingendawo yokungcwaba phantse yonke ipapa, evela kuPetros ngokwayo ukuya kuma-papa ama-1400.
Kwimeko ephosakeleyo yokuphazamiseka kwekhulu le-15, i-basilica yafumana uchungechunge lokuguqulwa phantsi kweepapa ezahlukeneyo. Xa uPapa uJulius II, owayebusa ukusuka ngo-1503 ukuya ku-1513, wathatha ingqwalasela yokuvuselela, wayezimisele ukudala icawa enkulu kwiNgqobhoko. Wayenayo icawa yokuqala yenkulungwane ye-4 waza wayala ukuba kwakhiwe i-basilica entsha enomdla, ezukileyo kwindawo yayo.
I-Bramante yenza izicwangciso zokuqala zedololi ephezulu yeSt. Peter's. Ephefumlelwe yidome yePantheon, icebo lakhe libizwa ngokuba ngumnqamlezo wesiGrike (kunye neengalo ezi-4 ubude obulinganayo) ezixhasayo idonga eliphakathi. Emva kokuba uJulius II wafa ngowe-1513, uRafael umculi wayebekwa yintloko yoyilo. Ukusebenzisa uhlobo lwesiphambano saseLatini, izicwangciso zakhe zandise i-nave (inxalenye apho abathandeli babuthana khona) kwaye bongeza iintente ezincinane ngapha nangapha.
URafael wafa ngowe-1520, kwaye iimfazwe ezahlukahlukeneyo eRoma kunye ne-peninsula yaseNtaliyane zagxotha inkqubela kwi-basilica. Ekugqibeleni, ngowe-1547, uPapa Paul III wafaka uMichelangelo, sele esecinga ukuba ngumyili wezakhiwo kunye nomculi, ukugqiba le projekthi. Uyilo lwakhe lwalusebenzisa isicwangciso sokuqala seGrisi saseBramante, kwaye luquka idome enkulu, ehlala yinto enkulu kunazo zonke kwihlabathi kwaye enye yeyona mpu melelo enkulu ye-Renaissance architecture.
U-Michelangelo wasweleka ngo-1564, iprojekthi yakhe iphelele ngokupheleleyo. Abakhi bezakhiwo abakhethiweyo bazukisa idizayilo yakhe ukugqiba le dome. I-neve ehlanganisiwe, i-facade ne-portico (umnyango wokungena) yayiyiminikelo kaCarlo Maderno, phantsi kolawulo lukaPapa Paul. Ukwakhiwa kwe "New Saint Peter" -i-basilica esiyibonayo namhlanje-yagqitywa ngo-1626, ngaphezu Iminyaka engama-120 emva kokuqala kwayo.
Ngaba iSonto likaStros lilungu elibaluleke kakhulu eRoma?
Ngelixa abaninzi becinga ngoSanta Petro njengowomama weCawa yamaKatolika, loo nto imele ibe nguSanta John Lateran (i-Basilica di San Giovanni e Laterano), i-cathedral yaseBhishophu yaseRoma (uPapa) kwaye ke ingcwele yeCawa yamaRoma Katolika . Nangona ngenxa yembali yayo, imithwalo, ukusondela kwiPapal yokuhlala kwiSixeko saseVatican kunye nobukhulu bayo, iSt. Peter iyonto ekhangisa iindwendwe zabakhenkethi kwaye ithembekile. Ukongeza kwiSt. Peter noSanta John Lateran, ezinye iicawa ezimbini zePapa eRoma ziyiBaselica yaseSanta Maria Maggiore kunye noPaul Paul ngaphandle kweNdonga .
Amaphukula ephambili ekutyelele kwi-Saint Peter
Ukuhlolisisa zonke iingcwaba kunye nesityekiso, funda yonke into ebhaliweyo (ucinga ukuba ungafunda isiLatini), kwaye uyamhlonela yonke into enokuxabiseka kwiSt. Peter iya kuthatha iintsuku, ukuba kungekhona iiveki. Ukuba uneeyure ezimbalwa nje ukuzinikela ekutyeleleni, khangela ezi zinto zibalaseleyo:
- I-Nave. Xa ungena kwi-basilica, uya kukhwankqiswa yimilinganiselo ye-nave, elide, inxalenye eyintloko yecawa yecawa apho abakhulekeli bahleli ngexesha lobunzima. Ingamamitha angaphezu kwama-600 ubude (malunga nobude bemibala yebhola ye-2) kunye no-90 ububanzi beenyawo, kwaye iguguze ngokugqithiseleyo kuwo wonke umhlaba.
- I-Pieta. Ukutshintsha uDavid njengomfanekiso owaziwa kakhulu nguMichelangelo, ukubonakaliswa okuphawulekayo kukaMariya obambe umzimba kaKrestu ofile ekhompelini yokuqala ngakwesokudla, njengoko ungena kwi-basilica. Umculi waveza umsebenzi xa wayeneminyaka engama-24 ubudala.
- Isitatimende seBronze sikaSt. Peter. Ekufuphi kwebhola elungileyo, okanye inkxaso eninzi ye-transept, imele umfanekiso wesibhakabhaka ka-Saint Peter, ucingwa ukuya kutsho kuma-1200s. Unyawo lwakhe lokunene liye lanyakalala kwaye lugqabhuka ngeenkulungwane zabakhonzi abanokuyibamba okanye bayayivaka njengoko badlula.
- Baldacchino. Ingqungquthela enkulu, umsebenzi womdwebi kunye nomqambi uGian Lorenzo Bernini, waqulunqwa ngebheyili ethathwe kwi-Pantheon. Iquka isibingelelo esikhulu se-basilica, apho kuphela upapa avunyelwe ukuthetha ubunzima. Isibingelelo sakhiwa phezu kwengcwaba likaStros Petros, kwaye yintliziyo yokomfuziselo yokomoya.
- IDome. Ukubethelwa ngeefestile ezili-16 kwaye kubhalwe iileta ezingaphezu kwama-6 ubude, idonga likaMichelangelo, engazange libonwe ligqityiwe, liphantse li-400 ubude ubude ukusuka kumgangatho walo ukuya ekukhanyeni kwayo, okanye kwintlambo.
- Isikhumbuzo kuAlexander VII. Kwimangcwaba emangalisayo yamapapa e-Saint Peter's, isikhumbuzo sikaBernini kuPapa uAlexander VII mhlawumbi sisona sikhulu. Umpapa onobubele uyathandaza ngelixa isibalo soKufa kuvela phantsi kwengubo eqoshwe ilitye lejasper. Uphethe i-hoglasslass, njengesikhumbuzo kupapa (kunye nababukeli) ukuba ixesha lakhe lidlule.
- I-Sacristry kunye noNondyebo. Ukujonga ezinye zeengcebo ezininzi zeVatican, kuquka iminqamlezo, izambatho zepapa (izambatho), iigugu kunye nezolondolozo, tyelela i-Sacristry kunye noNondyebo. Iindleko ze-euro ezi-5 kubantu abadala kunye ne-3 ye-euro kubantwana abayi-12 nangaphantsi.
- IVatican Grottoes. Xa uphuma kwi-basilica, landela iimpawu zeVatican Grottoes kunye neCupola (dome). Iindawo eziphantsi komhlaba zinamangcwaba amaninzi apapa, kuquka uJohn Paul II. Iqonga elenziwe ngokucacileyo lenziwe phezu kwezinto ezibhekwa njengengcwaba likaSt. Peter. Isibingelelo esikhulu kunye ne-baldacchino ngqo ngqo kule ndawo. Ukungena kwiindawo zokungcola kukhululekile.
- Ukunyuka kwiCupola. Ukuba uziva unamandla, unokunyuka ngamanqanaba angama-551 (okanye u-320 nje kuphela ukuba uthabatha inxalenye yendlela yokuhamba) kwiqhekeza, okanye phezulu kwidonga likaSt. Peter, ukuba uzuze imibono eqaqambileyo yaseRoma. Iindleko ze-euro ezingama-8 xa uthatha i-elevator okanye i-euro eziyi-6 ukuba uyakhuphuka yonke indlela.
I-Saint Peter's Basilica Ulwazi lokutyelela
Nangona kungabikho abaphulaphuli beepapa okanye ezinye iimeko ezizodwa ezenzekayo, i-basilica ihlala ixakekile. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutyelela ngaphandle kwezihlwele ngokuqhelekileyo kusasa, ukususela ngo-7 ukuya ku-9 ekuseni.
Ulwazi: I-basilica ivuleka ngo-7 ekuseni kwaye ivala ngo-7: 00 ngehlobo kunye no-6: 30 ntambama ebusika. Ngaphambi kokuba uhambe, yinto efanelekileyo ukujonga indawo ye-Saint Peter's Basilika kwiiyure zangoku kunye nolunye ulwazi.
Indawo: I- Piazza San Pietro ( iSt. Peter's Square ). Ukufika ngeendlela zokuthutha zoluntu, thabatha iMetrota Line A ukuya kwi-Ottaviano "San Pietro".
Ukwamkelwa: Kukhululekile ukungena kwi-basilica kunye namacrottoes, kunye nemirhumo (jonga ngasentla) kwi-sacristry kunye ne-museum museum, kunye nokunyuka kwi-cupola. I-cupola ivulekile ukususela ngo-8 ukuya kwe-6 ntambama ngo-Ephreli ukuya kuSeptemba, kuze kube ngu-4: 45 nge-Oktobha ukuya kuMatshi. I-sacristry kunye ne-museums museum ivuliwe ukususela ngo-9 ekuseni ukuya ku-6: 15 ntambama ngo-Ephreli ukuya kuSeptemba ukuya ku-5: 15 ntambama ukuya kuMatshi.
Iikhowudi yokugqoka: Abavakatye abagqokanga kwiingubo ezifanelekileyo abayi kuvunyelwa ukungena kwi-basilica. Yeka ukugqoka iifutshane, iingubo ezimfutshane, okanye iikhati ezingenamikhono xa u tyelela uSt Peter Petros kunye / okanye uzisa i-shawl okanye enye indawo yokufihla. Le mithetho ihamba kuzo zonke iindwendwe, indoda okanye ibhinqa.
Yintoni ongayibona kufuphi ne-Saint Peter's Basilica
Abaveleli bavame ukutyelela iSt. Peter's Basilica kunye ne- Vatican Museums , kuquka iSistine Chapel , ngaloo mini. I-Castel Sant'Angelo , ngamaxesha athile kwimbali i-mausoleum, inqaba, intolongo kwaye ngoku, i-museum, iphinde isondele kwiSixeko saseVatican.