Ummandla waseSpeyin waseCatalonia uye wabonakala kakhulu kwiindaba zakutshanje, ngenxa yemeko yezopolitiko engazinzileyo ebangelwa ngabanye abahlali bafuna ukuzimela. Nanku ukujongwa kweziganeko zeCrisis Crisis eCatalan kuze kube yimhla, kwaye oko kusenokwenzeka ntoni ukuba isiphumo salo khenketho e-Catalonia, naseSpeyin ngokubanzi.
Ukuqonda iMbali yeCatalonia
Ukuze kuqondwe iziganeko eziqhubekayo ngokuqhubekayo eCatalonia, kubalulekile ukujonga ngokuthe ngqo kwimbali yommandla.
Kukho kwikhoneni laseNtshonalanga yeSpeyin, iCatalonia yenye yelizwe elizimeleyo eli-17. Likhaya labantu ababalelwa kwizigidi ezi-7.5, abaninzi babo abaziqhenyce ngokugqithiseleyo ngelifa lemveli kunye neenkcubeko. Ubunjani beCatalan bumelelwe ngolwimi oluhlukeneyo, i-anthem kunye neflegi; kuze kube kutshanje, ummandla ube nepalamente kunye namapolisa.
Nangona kunjalo, urhulumente ophakathi eMadrid ulawula uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweCatalonia kunye neerhafu-umthombo wokubambisana kwabaseCatalan abahlukumezayo abanqwenela ukuba negalelo kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo zelizwe. Iingxaki zangoku zixhomekeke kwiziganeko zango-2010, xa iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko yaseSpain yagqithisa amanqaku amaninzi adlulwe yiPalamente yaseCatalan kwisigqibo se-2006 kwisigunyaziso sokuzimela kommandla. Phakathi kweenguqu ezithintekayo kwakukho isigqibo sokubeka ulwimi lwesiCatalan ngeSpanish eCatalonia.
Abemi baseCatalan abaninzi babone isigqibo seNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko njengengozi ekuziphatheni kommandla.
Abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi bathabathela ezitalatweni ngokubhikisha, kwaye amaqela okuzimela kwiziko lempikiswano yanamhlanje athola umxhelo njengomphumo othe ngqo.
I ngxaki
Inkathazo yangoku iqalwe ngo-Oktobha 1, 2017, xa ipalamente yaseCatalan ibambe iqela lokubonisa ukuba ngaba abantu baseCatalan bafuna ukuzimela.
Iziphumo zabonisa umphumo we-90% ekuthandeni i-republic republic; kodwa ngokwenene, kuphela ama-43% wabemi abavakalisile kwivoti yokuvota-beshiya into engacacanga into eninzi yabantu baseCatalonia abayifunayo. Kukho nawuphi na, i-referendum yavakaliswa ngokungekho mthethweni yiNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko.
Nangona kunjalo, ngo-Oktobha 27, iphalamende yaseCatalan ivotelwe ukuseka i-republic republic ngamavoti angama-70 ukuya kwe-10 kwivoti eyimfihlo. IMadrid ibhala ivoti njengokuba kuzama ukukhwabanisa , kwaye yenze iCandelo 155 lomgaqo-siseko waseSpain ngenxa yoko. Eli nqaku, elingakaze libizwe ngaphambili, linike uNdunankulu uMariano Rajoy igunya lokukhohlisa umgaqo ngqo kwiCatalonia. Waphula ngokukhawuleza iphalamente yaseCatalan, kwaye waxotha iinkokheli zezopolitiko zendawo kunye nentloko yamapolisa engingqi.
UMongameli waseCatalan owakuthiwa uCarles Puigdemont waqala ukukhuthaza ukuchasana nemigqaliselo yaseMadrid, ngoko wabalekela eBelgium ukuba abalekele iindleko zokuvukela nokuvukela. Okwangoku, uRajoy uvakalise ukhetho lwengingqi lomhlaka-21 Disemba, oluza kubona ukusekwa kwiphalamente entsha yaseCatalan nokubuyisela ukuzimela kommandla. Ngo-Oktobha wama-31, uPuigdemont wachaza ukuba uya kubahlonela iziphumo zonyulo lukaDisemba, kwaye uya kubuya eSpeyin ukuba ityala elifanelekileyo liqinisekisiwe.
Iimpembelelo zeNkqubela ekuqhubeni phambili
Ukwamkelwa kukaPuigdemont ukhetho olutsha ngempumelelo lwenza isigqibo esiphezulu sepalamente sokuseka i-republic republic engavumelekanga. Okwangoku, ubudlelwane phakathi kweCatalonia kunye ne-Spain yonke buhlala buqinisekile. Nangona iziganeko zobundlobongela bamapolisa phambi kombono we-Oktobha wokuqala, kubonakala ngathi akunakwenzeka kweli nqanaba ukuba imeko iya kuhlaselwa kwimeko yokulwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuchasana phakathi kweMadrid neCatalonia (kunye phakathi kwe-secessionists kunye nabasebenzi be-union-union ngaphakathi kommandla ngokwawo) kuya kuqinisekiswa ukuba kuqhubeke ixesha elithile.
Ukuba iqela elikhethwe ngoDisemba lingu-independence, umxholo weRiphabhlikhi eyahlukeneyo yeCatalan ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuvuswa kwiinyanga ezizayo kunye neminyaka.
Okwangoku, iinjongo eziphambili zeengxaki zinoqoqosho.
Kakade, iinkampani ezingaphezu kwe-1,500 zithuthele ikomkhulu lawo eCatalonia, kubandakanywa zombini iibhanki ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Ukubhuka kweehotele kunye namanani abavakatye abuye awa, ecetyisa ukuba icandelo lezokhenketho liya kuba neengxaki zemali ngenxa yeengxaki zezopolitiko zaseCatalonia. Uqoqosho lwaseSpeyin olubanzi luyakuthi luchaphazeleke, njengoko iGDP yeCatalan ibonisa ubuninzi be-20% yelizwe elipheleleyo.
Ukuba ngaba ekugqibeleni iphumelele okanye akunjalo, isidingo sikawonke-wonke saseCatalonia sokuzimela singabangela ukuthungelwa kwintlalo yoluntu lwaseYurophu. Kuze kube ngoku, i-European Union, iUnited Kingdom kunye ne-United States zonke zivakalise inkxaso yazo yaseSpeyin. IsiCatalonia esizimeleyo siya kuhoxisa kwi-EU kunye ne-Yurophu, ukudibanisa ne- Brexit ukubeka umzekelo kwezinye iindibano ze-secessionist eYurophu kwaye zisongela ukuzinza kwe-EU yonke.
Impembelelo ezinokubakho kubahanjethi baseCatalonia
Iindawo ezininzi zaseSpeyin zivelele kwiindawo zaseCatalonia, kuquka isixeko saseBarcelona (esiqhankqalazelwe ngezobugcisa beCatalan Modernist) kunye neNxweme yaseCosta Brava. Ngo-2016, ummandla uthande abavakhenkethi abayizigidi ezili-17.
Okwangoku, i-US Embassy eSpeyin ayizange ikhuphe iAilver Alerts okanye iSaziso seTyelelo eSpain, nangona bobabini baseburhulumenteni base-US nase-UK bacebisa abakhenkethi ukuba baqaphele eCatalonia ngenxa yezibhikiso eziqhubekayo. Uninzi lweengcali zikholelwa ukuba umngcipheko wongquzulwano ochanekileyo uye wanciphisa ukungaphumeleli kwePuigdemont yokuzama ukukhwela. Nangona kunjalo, ithuba lobudlova obuncinane phakathi kwamacandelo amaqhinga ngamacandelo angaphaya kwempikiswano ayinakukhutshwa.
Kwabakho imibhikisho enokuthula enokukwazi ukuguqula unogonyamelo ngokungalindelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukubonakalisa kuya kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwiminyango yakho yemihla ngemihla kunokubeka ingozi engozini. Okwangoku, ukungaqiniseki, ukuphazamiseka kunye ne-aura yokuxhatshazwa yizona zinto zingenakwenzeka kwiindawo ze-Catalan phakathi kwemozulu yezopolitiko yangoku.
Xa kuthethwa ukuba, iCatalonia ihlala ingummandla oqaqambileyo kwenkcubeko nangembali. KwiBarcelona, izithuthi zikawonkewonke ziyaqhubeka zisebenza njengesiqhelo kwaye iihotele kunye neevenkile zivulekileyo zoshishino. Abakhenkethi banokuzuza nakwizihlwele ezimbalwa kunye namaxabiso aphantsi njengoko amashishini azama ukuvuselela iindwendwe ukuba zixhase ukubhuka kwazo, kunokuguqula izicwangciso zabo zeeholide kwenye indawo.
Kuthiwani Ngokuphumla KweSpain?
Ezinye iimithombo zixwayisa ukuba ukuba ukuxhatshazwa neCatalonia kuqhubeka, ukuphambukiswa kwamapolisa okuphambili kwiingxaki ezisemntla-mpuma kunokushiya lonke ilizwe lichazwe ngexesha lonke ilizwe laseYurophu lijongene nobungozi obuninzi bokhuselo. Le nto ayiyiyo ingozi-ngo-Agasti 2017, abantu aba-16 babulawa emva kokuhlaselwa kukaRhulumente wama-Islam e-Barcelona naseCambrils.
Ngokufanayo, abanye banenkxalabo yokuba ukunyanzelana kweCatalonia kunokunyusa imizamo yokwandisa abantu abahlala kwiindawo ezizimelayo zaseSpeyin, kuquka iAndalusia , iIlesaric Islands kunye nelizwe laseBasque . Kwiminyaka yokugqibela, i-divatist yeqela le-ETA yabulala abantu abangaphezu kwe-820 kwimikhankaso yobundlobongela bokuzimela, kwaye yatshatyalaliswa kuphela ngo-Apreli 2017. Nangona kunjalo, akukho bungqina bokuba i-ETA okanye nayiphi na inkululeko enobudlova iya kubambisana ngenxa yeziganeko zaseCatalonia.
Okwangoku, ubomi eSpeyin yonke iyaqhubeka njengokuba kuqhelekileyo kwaye abakhenkethi abanakwenzeka ukuba bachaphazeleke. Nangona oku kungatshintsha ukuba iCrisis Crisis eCatalan iyancipha kwiinyanga ezizayo, akukho sizathu sokususa iholide yakho yaseSpanish.