Iipaki zeSizwe eziPhambili zokukhunjulwa kweMveli yaseMerika yaseMerika
Ngaba wayesazi ukuba inyanga kaNovemba yavakaliswa "iNyanga yeMveli yaseMerika yaseMelika" ngo-1990? Oko kwaqala njengomzamo wokuvakalisa usuku lweminikelo eyenziwe ngabaseMelika yokuqala kubangela inyanga yonke yokuqaphela.
Yonke yaqala ngoMgqibelo wamaNdiya waseNdiya. Omnye wabaxhasa ngaloo mini nguDkt. Arthur C. Parker, waseIneneca Indian, owayengumlawuli weMyuziyam yoBugcisa kunye neSayensi eRochester, NY.
Ngenkqubela yakhe, i-Boy Scouts yaseMerika ibeke eceleni "iMelika yaseMelika" kunye neminyaka emithathu udumo oluqhubekayo. Ngowe-1915, isimemezelo sagunyazwa ngethuba leNdibano ye-American Indian Association yentlanganiso yaseLawrence, KS ukubiza ilizwe ukuba ligcine loo mini. Ngo-Septemba 28, 1915, uMgqibelo wesibini kaMeyi ngamnye wavakaliswa njengoMhla waseMerika waseMelika.
Kule minyaka abathile abathi bangavumelani ngosuku oluthile lokubongwa. Ngoxa iSigqibelo sesibini ngoMeyi siqhelekileyo kuninzi, uLwesihlanu lwesine ngoSeptemba uqhelekileyo kwezinye. Ngo-1990, uMongameli uGeorge HW Bush wagunyazisa isisombululo esisisigxina esiye sanyulwa ngoNovemba "iNyanga yaseMelika yaseMerika yaseMveli. Izimemezelo ezifanayo, kubandakanywa neNyanga yeLifa leMveli yaseMelika kunye neNyanga yaseMelika yaseMelika yaseNdiya kunye neAlaska yeLifa leMveli likhutshwe minyaka yonke ukususela ngo-1994.
Ngozuko lweNative America yeNyanga yeLifa eliLungileyo, iziganeko zenzeka kulo lonke ilizwe, kwaye iipaki zelizwe zidlala indima enkulu kwimibhiyozo.
Kukho ama-parks kazwelonke angama-71, izikhumbuzo, ii-historic sites and trails, apho imbali inenkqubela enzulu kwi-American Indian culture. Bonke bafanelwe ukutyelelwa, kodwa ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba ungaphi, qwa lasela iindawo ezilandelayo zokudumisa le nyanga ebalulekileyo.
I-Wupatki National Monument, e-Arizona
Ngama-1100s, indawo yokuhlala yayinabantu abaninzi kodwa iintsapho zalahlekelwa amakhaya ngenxa yokuqubuka kweVolset Crater Volcano.
Njengokuba iintsapho zifuna ukufumana ezinye iindawo ekukhuliseni izityalo, imizi emincinci eyatshatyalaliswa yatshintshwa iipueblos ezimbalwa, zijikelezwe ngamancinci kunye neepithouses. I-Wupatki, iWukoki, iLomaki, kunye nezinye i-ponblos zamatoni zaqala ukuvela kunye nokuthengisa amanethiwekhi. I-Wupatki yayiyindawo efanelekileyo yokudibanisa intengiso, iinkomfa, umthandazo kunye nokunye. Nangona abantu befuduka bevela eWupatki, loo ndawo yashiywa yilapho iyakhunjulwa kwaye iyakhathalelwa namhlanje.
Cwangcisa ukutyelela kwiWikatki yesiZwe seSizwe.
Indawo yaseMzansi yaseNdiya yaseNdiya, eNorth Dakota
Ngaba ufuna ukutyelela isixeko saseNdiya esiyinyaniso? KwiiNdawo zoMlando zeSizwe zoMmandla waseNyeve we-Knife River, iindwendwe ziyakwazi ukungena kwihlabathi elitsha kunye nokucinga ngokucacileyo ngobomi bamaNdiya bendabuko. Izinto eziphambili ziquka ukubheka ubugcisa bemihla ngemihla kunye nezambatho, iibhegi, kunye nokunye. Ipaki inemiyezo yesintu equka i-blue flint corn, i-Hidatsa nobhontshisi obomvu, kunye ne-Maximilian imbewu ye-sunflower.
Abaveleli banokuphulaphula iinkumbulo zemihla ngemihla yokuphila kweHidatsa yaseNdiya, ngoko ke baya kwiSixeko saseSakakawea apho kuhlala khona indawo yokuhlala kwindawo ehlala kuyo, edlalwa kwimidlalo, imikhosi kunye noorhwebo.
Yindawo ekhunjulwayo yokutyelela.
Isikhumbuzo seSizwe saseNavajo, eArizona
Isikhumbuzo sesizwe silondolozela izindlu ezintathu zokuhlala kwee-Ancestral abantu basePuebloan.Iiqela eziphambili ezihlala zihlala kule ndawo: uHofi, iZuni, iSan Juan Southern Paiute, kunye noNavajo.
Izizukulwana zabantu baseHopi zakha ezi zindawo zokuhlala kwaye zibizwa ngokuba yi-Hisatsinom. Uninzi lwezindlu zeZuni, ezakha i-pueblos, zaqala kule ndawo. Kamva, iSan Juan Southern Paiute yafudukela kuloo ndawo kwaye yayihlala kufuphi neendawo zokuhlala. Babedume ngamabhasikiti abo. Namhlanje, eli ndawo lijikelezwe yiNajojo yesizwe, njengoko kuye kwaba ngamakhulu eminyaka.
Ababhenkethi banokuzonwabisa ngeziko lokuvakashela abafundi, iimyuziyamu, iindlela ezintathu ezifutshane ezikhokelwayo, iindawo ezincinci zeendawo zokuhlala kunye nepikiniki. Funda kabanzi malunga neSikhumbuzo seSizwe saseNavajo.
Umzila weeNyembezi zeNational Historic Trail, i-Alabama, i-Arkansas, iGeorgia, i-Illinois, eKentucky, eMissouri, eNorth Carolina, e-Oklahoma naseTennessee
Lo mzila wembali ukhumbula ukususwa kwabantu baseCherokee baseNdiya abavela kwiindawo zabo zasekhaya eTennessee, Alabama, North Carolina, naseGeorgia. Baye baphoxiswa ngaphandle nguRhulumente waseburhulumenteni kwaye umzila ubalaselisa iindlela ezili-17 ze-Cherokee ezilandelwa ngasentshonalanga ebusika ngo-1838-39. Ukuqikelelwa kweyesine-sabantu babo babulawa endleleni eya kwi-"Territory Indian" - namhlanje eyaziwayo njenge-Oklahoma.
Namhlanje, uMzila weeNtaba zeSizwe weMbali uqukethe ii-2,200 zamayela kunye nemigangatho yamanzi kwaye ihlanganisa iziqendu ezilisithoba.
Iimvumba eziPhezulu zeSizwe seMonument, i-Iowa
Ngasenyakatho-mpuma ye-Iowa, lesi sikhumbuzo sesizwe saqalwa ngo-Oktobha 25, 1949. Igcina amaziko angama-200 aseMelika aseMerika awakhiwe ngasemfuleni we-Mississippi phakathi kwe-450 BC ne-AD 1300, kuquka iipilisi ezingama-26 ezinjengeentaka kunye neebhere. Izigulana zibonakalisa isigaba esibalulekileyo senkcubeko yokwakha imimangaliso eyamangalisa ukubona.
Ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezilishumi zezigidi ezili-10,000 eziqhelekileyo ezifunyenwe ekuqaleni kwe-Iowa zikhoyo.
Namhlanje, iimitha ezili-191 zigcinwe ngaphakathi kwesikhumbuzo, ezingama-29 zazo ziyizigulana ezinjengezilwanyana. Isikhumbuzo seSizwe seMonument yeSizwe sinika iindwendwe ithuba lokufunda ngetekisi ekhangayo eyayiphila ngokuvisisana nehlabathi lemvelo.
I-Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado
Le paki kazwelonke yasungulwa ngowe-1906 ukugcina iindawo ezidumileyo zezinto zakudala zezinto zakudala ze-Ancestral Pueblo. Phantse iminyaka eyi-1400 edlulileyo, abantu abahlala kwiNgingqi ezine zeConerers bakhethe uMesa Verde-yiSpanishi "itafile eluhlaza" - kwikhaya labo. Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-700, inzala yahlala apha, yakha iidolophana ezityebileyo ezinxinxeni zeendonga ze-canyon.
Ababhenkethi banokutyelela iindawo zokuhlala ezintathu, ukujonga i-petroglyphs, ukunyuka kwiindlela ezintle, kwaye ujonge ukutyelelwa kwendawo yokutyelela. Iziko leentwendwe libonisa ubugcisa nobugcisa beMveli yaseMelika.
I-Sitka National Historical Park, eAlaska
Eyasungulwa ngo-1910, ipaki edala yase-Alaska ekhethiweyo ikhumbula i-1804 iMfazwe yaseSitka-eyona nto yokugqibela yokulwa no-Tlingit wamaNdiya kwi-colonization yaseRashiya. Into eseleyo manje isayithi ye Fort Tlingit kunye nebala lemfazwe, elingaphakathi kweli paki lama-113.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-totem e-Northwest Coast kunye nehlathi lemvula elidibeneyo lidibaniswe kwinqanaba elunxwemeni ngaphakathi kwipaki. Ngomnyaka we-1905, uGranisi weSithili wase-Alaska uJohn G. Brady waletha iqoqo leemithi ze-totem eSitka. Imbali evezwe emisedare yazinikelwa ngabaholi bezityalo ezivela kwiidolophane ezisempuma-Alaska.
Ngaphandle kwemimandla engaphandle, iindwendwe ziyakwazi ukufunda ngemveli yenkcubeko kunye nobugcisa, nandipha imisebenzi enobungane, uphulaphule iintetho eziguquguqukileyo kwaye uthathe uhambo olukhokelwayo.
I-Ocmulgee National Monument, Georgia
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu kunye nezibonelelo zendalo bubonakaliswe kwisikhumbuzo sesizwe. Enyanisweni, kukulondolozwa kwirekhodi lobomi bomntu kwi-Mpuma-mpuma iminyaka engama-12 000.
Phakathi ko-900-1150, uluntu oluthile lwabalimi lwahlala kule ndawo kufuphi noMlambo i-Ocmulgee. Bakha idolophu yezakhiwo zamatye ezixandekileyo kunye nezigulana. Kwakhona kwakuyiindawo zokuhlala zomhlaba zetyhula ezazisetyenziswa njengeendawo zokuqhuba iintlanganiso kunye nemikhosi. Ezi mounds ziyakubonakala namhlanje.
Eminye imisebenzi yeendwendwe iquka ukuhamba ngeenqwelo ezihamba phambili, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili, ukuhamba kwendalo kunye nokuthengwa kwi-Ocmulgee National Monument Association's Museum Shop. U lonwabo? Cwangcisa uhambo lwakho ngoku!