Yintoni iTunami?
Ama-tsunamis ngamanzi amaninzi amaninzi aphethwe ngumyikima, ukuqhuma okanye umnye umcimbi ohambisa amanzi amaninzi. Phandle kolwandle olwandle, ama-tsunamisi ayingozi kwaye ayengabonakaliyo kwiso. Xa ziqala, ama-tsunami amaninzi amancinci kwaye ububanzi-ukuphakama kwamaza kunokuba kuncinci njengonyawo, kwaye banokuba ngamakhilomitha ubude kwaye bahambe ngokukhawuleza, ngoko banokudlulela ngokungaqondakaliyo baze bafike emanzini angatye kufuphi nomhlaba.
Kodwa njengokuba umgama phakathi komgangatho ophantsi kolwandle kunye namanzi athathaka, la majelo amancinci, avulekileyo, aphephe emagqabeni aphezulu kakhulu, anamandla ahlamba umhlaba. Ngokuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo wamandla abandakanyekayo, bangafikelela ngaphezu kweenyawo ezili-100 ukuphakama. Funda kabanzi malunga nama-tsunami.
I-tsunami ka-2004
I-Tsunami ka-2004, ebizwa ngokuba yi-2004 yase-Indian Ocean Tsunami, iTunami yama-Indonesian ka-2004 okanye iTunancial Day Tsunami ka-2004, yayingenye yeentlekele zemvelo ezibi kakhulu kwimbali. Kwaye kwabangela ukuzamazama komhlaba ngaphantsi kwe -sea kunye nobukhulu obuqikelelwayo phakathi kwe-9.1 ukuya ku-9.3, okwenza kube yintlanzi yesithathu inamandla kunayo yonke.
I-tsunami yokuba inyikima enkulu eyenziwa yabulala abantu abangaphezu kwama-230,000 e-Indonesia, eSri Lanka , eIndiya naseThailand, baphumelela ngamakhulu amawaka abantu kwaye babangela izigidigidi zeedola kwimonakalo yomhlaba.
Impembelelo kaTsunami eThailand
I-tsunami yahlasela ulwandle lwase-Thailand olusentshona-ntshona ngapha kweLwandle lwase-Andaman, lubangela ukufa nokutshabalalisa ukusuka kumda wasenyakatho kunye neBurma ukuya emngceleni osezantsi kunye nelaseMalaysia.
Iindawo ezinzima kakhulu kwiindawo zokulahleka kwezinto kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwepropati zasePhang Nga, Phuket , naseKrabi , kungekhona nje ngenxa yendawo yabo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba beyona ndawo iphakamileyo kunye neyona ndawo ininzi eneenkalo ezinxweme.
Ixesha leTyunami, kusasa emva kweKrismesi, liye laqinisa ukulahlekelwa ubomi eThailand, njengoko libetha indawo yezona ndawo ezithandwa kakhulu kwiindawo zezokhenketho kwi-Andaman Coast ngexesha lokuphumla kwexesha leeholide, ekuseni xa abantu abaninzi behlala emakhaya abo okanye kumagumbi ehotele .
Kubantu abangaphantsi kwama-5 000 abafa eThailand, phantse malunga nesiqingatha babefuduka beza kwamanye amazwe.
Uninzi lweNxweme lwentshona yasePhuket lonakaliswe kakhulu yi-tsunami, kwaye amaninzi amakhaya, iihotele, iivenkile kunye nezinye izakhiwo eziphantsi komhlaba zifuna ukulungiswa okanye ukuvuselelwa. Ezinye iindawo, kuquka i- Khao Lak ngasenyakatho yePhuket e-Phang Nga, zaziphantse zipheliswe ngokupheleleyo ngamaza.
Ukwakhiwa kwakhona
Nangona iThailand yafumana umonakalo omkhulu ngexesha leTsunami, lakwazi ukuvuselelwa ngokukhawuleza ngokuthelekiswa namanye amaninzi amazwe. Kwiminyaka emibini ubuncinane yonke imonakalo isuswe kwaye iindawo ezichaphazelekayo ziphuhlisiwe. Uhambo oluya e-Phuket, e-Khao Lak okanye e-Phi Phi namhlanje kwaye unamathuba awuyi kubona ubungqina bokuba i-tsunami yenzeke.
Ingabe enye iTsunami ingenzeka?
Ingqungquthela ye-2004 yayishukunyiswa yiyo nyikima enokwenzeka ukuba indawo eyona ndawo yayibonile kwiminyaka engama-700, isiganeko esinqabileyo. Ngelixa iinyikima ezincinane zingaphinde zenze i-tsunami, ukuba kwakufuneka ukuba kwenzeke kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba iinkqubo ezintsha zikhona ukuba zibone ama-tsunami kwaye ziyabalumkisa abantu ziyakwanela ukugcina abantu abaninzi.
Isilumkiso soTyunami
Isikhungo Sokuxwayisa Isiqulatho se-Pacific, esisebenza yi-National Oceanic kunye ne-Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), isebenzisa idatha yolwazi kunye nenkqubo yolwandle lwamanzi ukujonga umsebenzi we-tsunami nokukhupha iibhulogi, iilindo, kunye nezilumkiso malunga nokuza kwama-tsunami kwi-Basin.
Ngenxa yokuba i-tsunami ayifuni umhlaba emva kokuba iveliswe (inokuthatha ubuninzi nje ngeeyure ezimbalwa kuxhomekeke kwindyikima, uhlobo lwe tsunami kunye nomgama ukusuka kumhlaba) ukuba kukho inkqubo ekuhlaziyeni ngokukhawuleza idatha kunye nokuxela abantu ingozi emhlabeni, abaninzi baya kuba nexesha lokufikelela kumgangatho ophezulu. Ngexesha le-tsunami ka-2004, ukuhlaziywa kwedatha okukhawulezileyo okanye iinkqubo zokulumkisa ezisemhlabeni zikhoyo, kodwa ukususela ngoko amazwe athatha inxaxheba aye asebenza ekulungiseni ukusilela.
Emva kweTunami ka-2004, iThailand yakha inkqubo yokukhusela i-tsunami kunye neendonga zokumelana ne-alarm kunye nommandla wonxweme, kunye ne-radiyo, umabonwakude, kunye nezilumkiso zemiyalezo kunye neendlela ezichazwe ngokucacileyo kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi. Isilumkiso se-tsunami ka-Apreli 2012 esabangela ukuzamazama komhlaba e-Indonesia kwakuvavanyo oluhle kakhulu lwenkqubo.
Nangona ekugqibeleni kwakungenayo i-tsunami enkulu, ubuncinane eThailand zonke iindawo ezichaphazelekayo zikhutshwe ngokukhawuleza. Fumana okunye malunga nokulungiselela i-tsunami kodwa khumbula ukuba ii-tsunamisi zizezona ziqhamo ezingavamile kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba ufumane elinye ixesha uhamba eThailand.