01 ngo 08
Arcade yeArnton
I-Arcade ye-Oldest Oldest Victorian Arcade Thornton yeArcade yiyona ndlela indala kunazo zonke ezisibhozo zokuthengisa ezakhiwa eLeeds ngaphambi ko-1900. Namhlanje zihlanganiswe nezitrato ezincinci, ezizimeleyo kwaye ziphawulwe ngehora le-Ivanhoe kwelinye icala. © Ferne Arfin Akukho shophound elifanele igama elifanelekileyo kufuneka livakashele iYorkshire ngaphandle kokungena kwiimakethe ezithandekayo zeLeeds kunye neendawo zokuthenga. I-Arcades yomlando yedolophu, eyenza into eyaziwayo njengeQictoria Quarter, yindawo yokuthenga ezithengisayo, iifashthi kunye neenkcukacha ezincinci, ezizimeleyo, ezithengisayo.
Umgcini wama-Victori kunye no-Edwardian uhlasele i-Briggate landela ulandelelwano lwamanqwelwana amancinci kunye neeyadi zokuhlala ezibonakalayo kwiimephu zokuqala zendawo. Bona ubungqina bendalo kunye nethemba lexesha. Ukungayithobeli ikhulu lama-20 leminyaka, babuyiselwa bonke ubuqaqawuli babo ngo-1990 kwaye kufuneka bahambele indawo eMntla.
I-Arcade ye-Thornton, eyagqitywa phakathi kwe-1877 no-1878, yayingowokuqala kwee-eight ze-Leeds. Ubude kunye nendawo encinci, inama-Gothic kunye neefestile ezifana ne-lancet kwiibali eziphezulu. Khangela phezulu ukuze ubone ama-dragons kwisiseko sezinto eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nobomvu obunzima obuxhasa uphahla lweglasi njengoluhlu lwamashishini amahhashi angamahle.
I-arcade yabuyiselwa kwaye yahlaziywa ngo-1993. Ngokuhambisana neendawo zayo ezinqinileyo, ezincinci, iintengiso kwi-arntade yeTrnton zihlala zintengiso ezincinci, ngamanye amaxesha zilungiselelwe ngaphantsi kweeplanga. Abancinci abazimeleyo batshintsha lonke ixesha, kodwa ukulinda omnye emva kweminyaka kuye kwaba yi-OK Comics. Eyaziwayo kubaqokeleli, le ncwadana yeencwadi ezinemibala e-Nombolo 19 iyafana nekamelo lokufunda ngokukhululekile kunokuba ivenkile yee-comic.
02 ngo 08
Ivanhoe Clock e-Arcnton's Arcade
Ivanhoe Clock eLeeds. & kopisha; Ferne Arfin Iimpawu ezivela kwirekhodi likaSir Walter Scott zityhola iiyure zeeyure kwi-Arcade yeArcade.
Ivanhoe Clock, ekupheleni komgca we-arcade, bekudala ibe enye yezinto ezikhangayo. Inkqubo yewashi yenziwe nguWilliam Potts kunye noonyana bakaLeeds, umenzi owaziwayo oveyile kunye neendlela zokugcina ixesha ezifunwa ngabaqokeleli be-antique.
URobin Hood, uRichard i-Lion-Hearted, i-Friar Tuck no-Gurth i-Swineherd, bonke abalingiswa kwi-novel yekhulu le-19 u-Ivanhoe nguSir Walter Scott, abonisa iwashi. Umlingisi ngamnye, ubeke uphawu kwikota yeeyure ngokubetha insimbi enkulu ngeentonga zakhe. Amanani afana nobomi ahlaselwa ngumculi weLeeds uJohn Wormald Appleyard.
Esinye siphelo seArntade yeTrnton sibonisa intloko enkulu yowesifazane onamawele amade athobile kunye nentsimbi ephawulekayo. Uhlonyelwa emva komzobo weDuchess of Devonshire ngoGainsborough.
03 we-08
County Arcade kwikota yeLeeds Victoria
County Arcade kwikota yeLeeds Victoria. © Ferne Arfin Iincwadi ezininzi ezikhokelekileyo ezikhokelayo zibize ukuba ii-Victorian kunye ne-Edwardian zithengwa kwiindawo eziphezulu ezingama-20 eNgilani.
IQictoria Quarter iqukethe iindidi ezidibeneyo ezihamba phakathi kweBriggate, indawo yokuhamba ngeenyawo ezithengisa i-Leeds, kunye ne-Vicars Lane. Le ndawo yokuthenga iindawo zokuthenga ezithengiswayo yenziwe ukuba ithathe indawo yendawo yokuxhela kunye nemijondolo ekupheleni kwee-1890.
Ukuphuhliswa, okubandakanya i-County Arcade ne-Cross Arcade, yenzelwe nguFrank Matcham. Oku kungabangela ukuba i-arcades ibe yingozi. UMatcham wayengumceli ophawulwe ngakumbi kwizakhiwo zakhe. Wakhela iingcali ezingaphezu kwama-200 ezise-UK kuquka neLondon Palladium kunye neLondon Coliseum. Enyanisweni, uphuhliso lwakhe lweentengiso zeLeeds alubandakanyi i-Empire Empire. Kamva yaba ngu-Empire Arcade kwaye ngoku ihlala ephethe igatsha leLeeds yomthengisi wefashini uHarvey Nichols.
Ekuqaleni kwee-1990, ezi ziBakala II * zidweliswe iinqanaba ezibuyiselweyo kwaye i-Victoria Quarter yenziwe. Ukwenza i-arcade eyongezelelweyo, i-Queen Queen Street kufuphi nepharityhulam yayiphakanyiswa ngaphantsi kwendawo ebonakalayo yeglasi, eyona festile enkulu ebhentshini eBritani, nguBrian Clarke.
04 we-08
Umthengisi weNdlela ephakamileyo kwiGlamorous Guise
Ukuhlobisa ngokutsha kwintsimbi kunye nokwenene kubangela ukugcoba kwisitolo saseBrithani esithengisa isitalato esiphezulu kwintlambo ye-County Arcade ne-Cross Arcade kwikota yaseVictoria. © Ferne Arfin Ukuhlobisa kwintsimbi kunye nokukholisa kwandisa ubuhle kwivenkile kwinqanaba le-County Arcade ne-Cross Arcade kwikota yaseVictoria.
Ngomnyaka we-1900, xa iimpahla zokugcina zeemveliso ze-Victorian zakudala zatshitshiswa, abaphuhlisi beLeeds be-County and Cross Cross bafuna ukubonakalisa ubutyebi be sixeko kunye nezoshishino kwi-decoration ye-shopping precinct. Ukuthengwa kwakusanda kuqalisa ukungena kwinto yokuzilibazisa kunye neendawo zokuhamba ezenzelwe ukuthabatha abathengi bamagumbi aphakathi kwamadlelo ukuze bahlalise iindawo ezinobuncwane.
I-Pink Siena i-marble, iingubo ze-mahogany ezinama-glass clove, izibane zengqengqelo, izitshizi zezibane, intsimbi kunye neLeeds.
Namhlanje, umhlobiso obalaseleyo, odibanisa imithi ye-topiary kunye nemithombo yamanzi, isoloko ephawulwe ngokucacileyo kwi-window minimalist yokuhlobisa i-fashionable stores.
05 ka 08
I-Fashion Contemporary kwi-Framework Frame
Imfashini kwisimo sembali - Iingqungquthela ezivakalayo zeLeeds County Arcade kwiQearter Quarter zenza imbonakalo yangaphambili ekuthengiseni i-mannequin egqoke iifashthi zonyaka. © Ferne Arfin Iimpawu eziphambili zaseBrithani nakumazwe ngamazwe zikhangisa abathengi abatshintshileyo kwii-Arcade zeLeds Victoria Quarter.
Amashumi amabini anesihlanu kwizinto zokunethezeka zehlabathi kunye neefashthi zefashoni zihlala kwiivenkile ezifana nezitolo kunye neBanga II * izakhiwo ezidweliswe kwikota. UHarvey Nichols , isitolo esidumile saseFondon esitolo, wakhetha ukuvula isebe layo lokuqala "lephondo" apha phakathi kwama-1990. Abanye bahamba ngokukhawuleza; phakathi kwabo:
- Louis Vuitton, 98-99 Briggate
- Bonke abaNgcwele, 33-35 iNdlovukazi yaseVictoria Street
- Vivienne Westwood, 11-17 County Arcade
- Reiss, 25-29 County Arcade
- I-Mulberry, i-3-5 County Arcade
- UPawulos Smith, 17-19 kwiNdlela yaseKing Edward
06 we-08
Iinkcukacha zeFestile kwi-Quarter yaseLeeds yaseVictoria
UVivenne Westwood, uHarvey Nichols kunye neenqweliso ezifana neBreitling kunye neBulgari ziphakathi kwamagama aphezulu athengiswa phantsi kweendawo eziphakamileyo ze-County Arcade kwikota ye-Leeds Victoria. © Ferne Arfin Umhlobiso ogqithisayo kakhulu weentengiso zeLeeds zonke, uphuphuma yonke i-The County Arcade kwikota yaseVictoria. Umqambi weeMidlalo uFrank Matcham, wasebenzisa iimabula zamabhotile, ezinemizila ephathekayo, eneempahla eziphathekayo, ezenziwe ngetsimbi, ezibukhali kunye ne-mahogany ezityebileyo zangaphakathi.
Ukubuyiselwa, kwiminyaka ye-1990 kwagcinwa ubuninzi bokuqala njengokuba kunokwenzeka - iikholomu ze-marble ze-Siena, i-faience motifs ezibalabala-ukongeza iinkcukacha ezintsha ukuzalisekisa umoya wexesha elidlulileyo njengeGeor Clarke ephahleni lokugcoba i-Queen Victoria kunye neJoanna Veevers iipaneli.
Xa kuphuhlisiwe ukuphuhliswa, enye yeyona ndawo yasekuqaleni, i-Victorian fronts ifunyenwe kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo. Abaqambi basebenzise njengomzekelo wokuphinda bahlaziywe kwakhona, amafowuni ama-mahogany ase-Art Nouveau, iiifestile ezenziwe ngeefowuni kunye neefowuni ezinomdla eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa zonke iimpawu zevenkile kwi-arcade.
07 ka 08
Isiqhumane sePomegranate kwiCentral Arcade kwiQearter Quarter Leeds
I-Puregranate Frieze kwi-Arcade yase-Leeds yaseVictoria Quarter ngumzekelo wendlela yokuhlobisa i-faience e-Leeds i-Victorian arcades. © Ferne Arfin Ubumbano obunemibala obunjengobungakanani bombhobho ngenye yezinto zokubhenkiswa kwe-County Arcade
Umngcipheko weerharnate, osebenza ngaphaya kweevenkile kwi-County Arcade, ngumzekelo oqhelekileyo wemibala eludongeni yobumbano obunemibala ephakamileyo eyenziwe yiBurmantofts Art Pottery, inkampani yaseLeeds. Iziqwenga ze-Burman ze-faience kunye neetyile ziqokelelo ze-antique namhlanje ngoko kunomdla ukuqwalasela imvelaphi yabo ethobekileyo.
Ubumbano, uWilcock weBurmantofts, uLeeds, wayengumenzi wezitena zomlilo kunye neempompo phambi kokuba umphathi aqaphele ukuba udongwe obomvu kwindawo yakhe yenkampani yayiphelele ukwenza ubugcisa bokubumba kunye nobuchule bokwakha.
Abaqokeleli baseBurmantofts namhlanje bayayixabisa ngenxa yobunzima bayo, i-glaze eqhelekileyo - efana ne-majolica-kunye nemibala yayo ephawulekayo: imifuno yeminquma, i-browns efudumeleyo, i-yellow yellow and oranges. Uninzi lwezinto ezidityanisiweyo zicetyiswa ngomsebenzi wesandla.
Kwiindwendwe ezinomdla kwi-pottery yasekuhlaleni yase-Victori kunye noyilo lwe-Art Nouveau, iQarter Quarter ngumthendeleko obonwayo.
08 ka 08
I-Dilt Mosaic Dome kwikota yeVictoria yaseLeeds
Iinkcukacha zoMoses ezicokisekileyo ukusuka kwiDome ye-County Arcade eLeeds. © Ferne Arfin Uphahla olusenyakatho lwe-County Arcade, i-arcade ephezulu kakhulu yeKota yaseVictoria, yenziwe ngepeyinti-iron kunye neentambo ezintathu zeglasi. I-house nganye ijikelezwe yi-gilt kunye ne-enamelled mosaics ebonisa ukuphumelela kweLeeds kunye nokuchuma kwiminyaka yama-Victorian ne-Edwardian. Emazantsi kwidome ephakathi, amanani allegorical amele amashishini aseLeeds. Kwesinye indlu, amanani abamele inkululeko, ishishini, abasebenzi kunye nobugcisa.