Ukhenketho lweSlum, ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa "ukuvakasha kweghetto," kubandakanya ukukhenketho kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo, ngakumbi kwiIndiya, eBrazil, eKenya nase-Indonesia. Injongo yokukhenketho kwezokhenketho kukubonelela ngezokhenketho ithuba lokubona "iindawo ezingekho kwezokhenketho" zelizwe okanye isixeko.
Imbali yeShenketho yeSlum
Nangona ukhenketho lwentlalo luye lwafumana ulwahlulo lwamazwe ngamazwe kwiminyaka yamuva, akuyona into entsha.
Ephakathi kwe-1800, izityebi zaseLondon zaziya kwii-squalid tenements ze-East End. Ukutyelelwa kwangethuba kwangoko kwaqala ukukhangela "inceba," kodwa kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, isenzo sisasazeka kwiindawo zokuhlala zaseMelika njengeNew York neChicago. Ngaphandle kwemfuno, abaqhubi bezohambo baqulunqa izikhokelo zokutyelela ezi ndawo zihlwempuzekileyo.
Ukukhenketho kwe-Slum, okanye ukubona indlela enye enye isiqingatha ehlala ngayo, wafa phakathi ne-1900, kodwa waphinda waphinda waziwa eNingizimu Afrika ngenxa yobandlululo. Noko ke, lo khenketho lwaqhutywa ngabaxhasi abamnyama abemi baseMzantsi Afrika abafuna ihlabathi ukuba liqonde ingxaki yabo. Impumelelo ye-movie "iSlumdog Millionaire" yazisa intlupheko yaseIndiya kwihlabathi kunye nokukhenketho kwezinto zokuvakasha kwandisa kwiidolophu ezinjengeDharavi, ikhaya eliya ku-India.
Abakhenkethi banamhlanje bafuna amava okwenene, kungekhona iindawo zokuvakatsha ezimhlophe ezihlambulukileyo eziye zaziwa kakhulu kuma-1980. Ukukhenketho kwe-Slum kudibana nalo mnqweno-ukubonelela kwihlabathi ngaphaya kwamava abo.
Ukhuseleko lwezoKhenketho lweSlum
Njengoko kuyo yonke indawo yezokhenketho, ukhenketho lwe-slum lukhuselekile-okanye akunjalo. Xa ukhetha uhambo lwe-slum, iindwendwe kufuneka zisebenzise ngokukhawuleza ukuba zikhangele ukuba i-tour isenisiqinisekiso, inegama elihle kwiziza zokuphonononga kwaye ilandela izikhokelo zengingqi.
Ngokomzekelo, iiReality Tours kunye ne-Travel, ezabonakala kwi-PBS, ithatha abantu abayi-18,000 kwiihotele zeDharavi, eIndiya ngonyaka ngamnye.
Iindwendwe zigqamisa iimpawu zengqungquthela, njengezakhiwo zayo zezibhedlele, iibhanki kunye nokuzonwabisa, kunye nokungahambi kakuhle, njengokungabikho kwendawo yokuhlala kunye neendawo zokuhlambela kunye nezigulana zerhafu. Ukutyelela kubonisa iindwendwe kungekhona ukuba wonke umntu unekhaya eliphakathi, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba abanalo ubomi obunzima. Ukongezelela, i-80% yemali evela kwiihotele iphinda iphindwe kwiiprojekthi zokuphucula umphakathi.
Ngelishwa, ezinye iinkampani, ezithatha amagama afanayo kunye nelogos, zinikeza "iityebhile" ezingabonakali izinto ezintle kunye nezinto ezimbi kodwa zixhaphaze uluntu. Abayipompozi imali kwi-community, nokuba.
Ngenxa yokuba akukho mgangatho wokusebenza kwabaqhubi bezohambo, kodwa abakhenkethi kufuneka bazibonele bona ukuba inkampani ethile yezokhenketho ithatha ngendlela efanelekileyo kunye neyokuziphatha njengoko ibango.
Slum Tourism eBrazil
Iindawo ze- Brasil zeBrazil, iindawo zokuhlala eziqhelekileyo ezisemaphandleni ezixeko ezinkulu njengeSão Paulo, zenza abavakhenkethi abangama-50 000 ngonyaka. I-Rio de Janeiro inezona zihlandlo ezigqithiseleyo kunoma yimuphi umzi waseBrazil. Ukukhenketho kwe-Slum ye-favelas yaseBrazil ikhuthazwa nguRhulumente waseburhulumenteni. Ukutyelela kunika ithuba lokuqonda ukuba ezi ntlupheko zoluntu ziindawo ezixakekileyo, kungekhona nje iibhulo ezithintela izidakamizwa eziboniswa kwiimviezo.
Izikhokelo zokutyelela ezithengiswayo ziqhuba abahanjethi kwi-favela yi-van kwaye banikezela iindwendwe zokuhamba ukubonisa ukuzonwabisa kwendawo, amaziko oluntu kunye nokudibana nabantu abahlala khona. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukufotwa kweefoto kungavunyelwe kwiihotele ezijikelezayo ezigcina intlonipho kubantu abahlala khona.
Iinjongo zikaRhulumente zokutyelela i-favelas ziquka:
- kuchaza uqoqosho lwe-favela (umsebenzi, inhlalakahle, iimarike zokuqashisa kunye nokunye),
- ukugxininisa izibonelelo ze-favela (izibhedlele, ezithengi, ibhanki, imfashini kunye nokuzonwabisa),
- izikolo zokutyelela kunye namaziko oluntu,
- iiprojekthi zoluntu,
- ukusebenzisana nabemi kunye nokuhambela amakhaya abo,
- kwaye ujonge ukutya kwindawo yokudlela yasekuhlaleni.
Ukukhathazeka NgezoKhenketho lweSlum
Ngelixa iBrazil isilungiselele ngokucwangcisekileyo inkqubo yayo yokukhenketho, ukukhathazeka kuhleli. Naphezu kwemimiselo kunye nezikhokelo, abanye abatyeleli bathabatha iifoto baze bahlanganyele kwiindaba zentlalo.
Ingaba kuthengiswa kwexabiso okanye ukuzama ukukhanyisa ihlabathi ekuhluphekeni kwabantu abakwiimimandla, ezi zithombe zinokulimaza ngaphezu kokulungileyo. Abanye abatyeleli bezotyelelo, ngokunjalo, baxhaphaza abavakhenkethi, besithi iindwendwe zabo zixhasa amashishini angingqi ngaphandle kokubuyiselwa kuluntu. Mhlawumbi into ebaluleke kakhulu kukuba, xa ukhenketho kwendwendwe engalunganga, ubomi boqobo buchaphazela.
Ukukhenketho kwezothutho oluxanduva kuxhomekeke kwizikhokelo zikaRhulumente, abaqhubi bezohambo zokuziphatha, kunye nabakhenkethi abanomdla. Xa ezi zidibeneyo, abatyelelo bangaba namava okuhamba ngokukhuselekileyo , bafumane indawo yokubanzi yomhlaba kunye noluntu lunokuzuza.