Imbali yesiDatshi kunye neTulipmania
Umkhumbi we-river cruise e-Netherlands ukujonga i-tulips kunye nezinye iibhulabhamndi iintlobo ze-cruise experience. Sahamba ngomkhumbi weViking River Cruises ' Viking yaseYurophu ukusuka eAmsterdam, sinandipha iintyatyambo ezimangalisayo, iidolophithi ezinqabileyo, izithambiso zomoya kunye nezinye iindawo ezimangalisayo zaseNetherlands naseHolland.
Isaziso sikaMbhali: I-Viking River Cruises isebenzisa ezinye zeeViking Longship zayo ezintsha kwi-itali ye-tulip ye-Dutch ithorensi ngoku. Nangona iinqanawa zomlambo zihluke, umlambo ohamba ngelokuhlawulela luyavuya njengoko kwakunjalo xa ndithatha le nqanawa emininzi edlulileyo.
Ndidibanise kumlogi wokuhamba we-Dutch tulip cruise.
Ndaye ndahlala eAmsterdam ngamanye amaxesha kodwa ndingazange ndihlolisise lonke ilizwe. Kukho okungakumbi eNetherlands kunokuphela kwesixeko esikhulu kunazo zonke! Nazi izinto ezimbalwa ezithakazelisayo.
Okokuqala, iHolland yimi-2 kuphela kuma-12 ase-Dutch aseNetherlands. Ininzi yeli "lizwe" liye laphindwa lisuka elwandle ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezimbalwa zokugqibela. Phantse kwikota yeekhilomitha ezili-40,000 zelizwe eli lizwe ngaphantsi kwezinga lezilwandle, kunye neeninzi ezininzi zaseNetherlands ziphakathi okanye ngaphezulu kwezinga elwandle - akukho nkxalabo malunga nokugula okuphezulu! Kukho ii-dikes ezingama-2400 zama-dikes ukugcina amanzi aselwandle, amanye awo angaphezulu kwama-25 emitha.
Imbali yaseDatshi ibuyela emva kweminyaka engama-250 000. Ubungqina bendawo yokuhlala emaphandleni abavela kule ndawo yafunyanwa kwindawo yokugumbana ngaseMaastricht. Abanye abahlala kwiindawo zakuqala bahlala emva kweminyaka engama-2000 edlulileyo.
La bantu basekudala bakha iinduli ezininzi zodaka njengeendawo zokuhlala eziza kusetshenziselwa izikhukula eziqhutywe ngamanzi. Ngaphezu kwe-1000 kwezi ziqulatho zisasazeka kwiindawo eziphambileyo, ngokubanzi kufuphi neDrenthe kwiphondo laseFriesland. AmaRoma angena eNetherlands aze ahlala kweli lizwe ukususela ngo-59 BC ukuya kwekhulu lesithathu AD, elandelwa kule minyaka embalwa elandelayo ngeeFrench zaseJamani kunye neVikings.
Amazwe aseNetherlands aphumelela ngekhulu le-15 leminyaka. Abathengisi abaninzi baba nobutyebi bezithengisa i-tapestries, iimpahla ezibiza, ubugcisa, kunye neengubo. Amazwe aphantsi, njengoko abizwayo, adume ngokukwakhiwa kwee-ship, i-herring, kunye nobhiya.
Inkulungwane ye-17 yayiyigolide yeNetherlands. I-Amsterdam ifuthe njengeziko lezemali laseYurophu, kunye neNetherlands babalulekile kubomi nakwizithethe. Inkampani yaseDutch East India, eyakhiwe ngo-1602, yayiyinkampani enkulu yezorhwebo ye-17 leminyaka, kunye nehlabathi lokuqala lehlabathi. Inkampani yaseDutch West India yasungulwa ngowe-1621, kwaye yayiyinkokheli yezorhwebo yekhoboka njengoko iinqanawa zayo zahamba phakathi kwe-Afrika kunye neMelika. Abahloli bavela kwezo zombini ziinkampani ezithe zafunyanwa okanye zatshitshiswa kwihlabathi jikelele, ukusuka eNew Zealand ukuya eMauritius ukuya kwisiqithi saseManhattan.
Ekubeni iNetherlands ekugqibeleni yaba umbuso ozimele, kwaye yakwazi ukuhlala ingathathi hlangothi ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi I. Ngelishwa, ilizwe alizange lihlale lingathathi hlangothi ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II. IJamani yahlasela ilizwe laseMeyi ngo-Meyi 1940, kwaye iNetherlands ayizange ikhululwe kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu kamva. Kukho amabali amaninzi avela kwimfazwe, kuquka ukuphakama kweRotterdam, indlala ngexesha leNtshonalanga yokulamba, kunye neengxaki zamaYuda aseDutch ezifana no-Anne Frank.
Iminyaka emva kwempi yabona iNetherlands ibuyela kwi-shishini loshishino. Le minyaka emva kwemfazwe yabona ukufumaniswa kwegesi yemvelo kwiNxweme yoMntla kwiNxweme yaseDatshi, kunye nokubuya kweefama ezivelisayo. Amaqela amaninzi aseDatshi asehlabathini lonke athola ukuzimela ngexesha leminyaka emva kwempi. Namhlanje amaNetherlands abonakala njengamazwe anenkululeko kakhulu, kunye nenkqubo yoluntu ebanzi, inkululeko yomntu kunye nokunyamezela okukhulu kweziyobisi.
Ngoku ukuba uyayazi encinci yembali kunye nejografi yaseNetherlands, makhe sijonge i-Dutch Journey cruise kwiYurophu yaseViking.
Njengoko sasihamba ngelobusuku ngaphesheya kweAtlantic, ndazama ukuphupha emasimini e-tulips kwaye nditshintsha ngokukhawuleza i-windmills.
Tulipmania
Kungaba nzima ukukholelwa, kodwa i-tulip yabangela intlekele yezoqoqosho eHoland ngo-1637 ayizange ibone ngaphambili.
Ama-tulips aqala nje nje ngeentyantyambo zasendle e-Central Asia kwaye zaqala ukukhula eTurkey. (Igama le-tulip yiTurkey ngengubo.) UCarolus Clusius, umlawuli wegadi yaseYurophu yaseYurophu edala e-Leiden, wayengowokuqala ukuzisa ii-bulbs e-Netherlands. Yena kunye namanye ama-horticultists bafumanisa ngokukhawuleza ukuba ii-bulbs zifanelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwimimoya epholile, emanzini kunye nomhlaba we-fertile we-delta.
Iintyatyambo ezintle zafunyanwa ngokukhawuleza yiDutch ezukileyo, kwaye zaza zithandwa kakhulu. Ngasekupheleni kwe-1636 nakwiminyaka yokuqala ye-1637, i-mania ye-bulbs yahamba yaseNetherlands. Ukuthenga okuthe ngqo kunye nokuthengisa kuqhube ixabiso ukuya kwindawo apho ezinye iibhola ze-tulip zibiza ngaphezu kwezindlu! I-bulb enye ilandele umyinge weminyaka eyi-10 yomvuzo womsebenzi waseDatshi osemgangathweni. Ubuninzi bezohwebo ezenzelwa ukunyanzeliswa kwenzelwe kwi-pubs, ngoko utywala-wanika i-tulipmania. Umgca wehla weemarike ngoFebruwari 1637, kunye nabarhwebi abaninzi nabemi bebona ubutyebi babo belahlekile. Abanye abacebisi babashiywe ngama-bulbs angama-unsold, okanye ngama-bulbs ayenziwa "e-layaway". Ingqiqo yezinto ezikhethiweyo zivela kule ntlekele, kwaye igama elithi tulipmania lisasetyenziselwa ukuchaza i-frenzy yokutshala imali.
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Windmills
Iinqwelo zokuqala zomoya eHolland zakhiwe ngekhulu le-13 kwaye zazisetyenziselwa ukugaya umgubo. Kwiminyaka eyikhulu, amaDatshi ayephuculwe kwi-designmill, kwaye iimpahla zazisetyenziselwa ukupompoza amanzi. Kungekudala ama-windmills amakhulu afaka ama-dikes abhekise kwiindawo eziplaniweyo, kwaye umhlaba waqala ukuhambisa amanzi. Uphuculo olulandelayo olulandelayo luye lwasungulwa kwipilisi yesigidi sokujikeleza. Iphezulu yalezi zixhobo zomoya zijikelezwa ngumoya, zivumela ukuba umatshini usebenze ngumntu oyedwa kuphela.
Nangona ukupompoza amanzi ukukrazula umhlaba kwakukho ukusetyenziswa okudumileyo kwezidonga, izixhobo zomoya zazisetyenziselwa ukugawula imithi, ukwenza udongwe ngamanzi, kunye nokutyumba iingubo zepeyinti. Ngomnyaka we-1800, ngaphezu kwe-10 000 imimoya yomoya yayisebenza kulo lonke elaseNetherlands. Nangona kunjalo, ukuveliswa kweenjini zotywala kwenza izixhobo zomoya ziphelile. Namhlanje kukho i-windmills engaphantsi kwe-1000, kodwa abantu baseDatshi baqaphela ukuba ezi zixhobo zomoya, kunye nezakhono ezifunekayo zokuziqhuba, kufuneka zigcinwe. Urhulumente waseDatshi uqhuba isikolo seminyaka emithathu ukuqeqesha abaqhubi bee-windmill, nabo kufuneka banikwe ilayisenisi.
Amsterdam
Emva kokuhamba kweeyure ezili-9, safika e-Amsterdam ekuseni. IJuanda kunye nam imini nesiqingatha ukuhlola i-Amsterdam ngaphambi kokuba sihambe ngeYurophu yaseViking.
Ekubeni sasiyimini yokuqala kwinqwelo yethu, safumana iteksi kwisikhumulo sezindiza siye kwisixeko. I-Schiphol Airport iyona yeyona ntluphelo yesithathu eYurophu, ngoko kukho iitaliti ezininzi.
Emva kokuhamba ngomzuzu wama-30 siye sayeka umthwalo wethu ehotele waza wahamba ukuhlola eso sixeko.
Ukukhetha ihotele ngobusuku obubodwa kwaba ngumngeni, ngokukhethekileyo ngoMgqibelo ebusuku ngohlobo lwezityalo zonyaka. Sifuna ukuhlala kwindawo eya kusinika isimo sengqondo se-Amsterdam kunye nenkcubeko, ngoko siye sigwema ihotele ezithembekileyo ezithembisa ukungahambelani, kodwa kungekhona into ekhangayo yaseDutch.
Ndaqala ukujonga iehotele ezincinci okanye iibhedi kunye nezidlo zokutya kodwa ngokukhawuleza ndafumanisa ukuba abaninzi babo babefuna ukuhlala ubuncinane ubuncinane obusuku obuncinane okanye obusuku obu-3. Ukusebenzisa ezinye iincwadi zam khokela eNetherlands, nokukhangela kwiWebhu, ndiyathemba ukuba ndifumene oko sasiyifunayo-i-Ambassade Hotel. I-ambassade ifumaneke ngasemntla kwaye yakhiwe kwizindlu ezili-10 zamanqatha. Ihotele inamagumbi angama-59, kwaye ithembisa ukuba "iza kunika zonke iingenelo zale minyaka yanamhlanje kodwa ngelifa elixabisekileyo lexesha elithile."
Emva kokuhlala iiyure, sasilungele ukusuka ehotele ngeenyawo size sihlolisise. Ekubeni iYurophu yaseViking yayiza kulala e-Amsterdam, kwaye ipakethe ye-cruise yayiquka ukutyelela kwee-canals kunye ne- Rijksmuseum , sawagcina loo "mabini-dos" emibini emva kokungena kwesi nqanawa. Ekubeni ihotele yethu yayisondele kwindlu ka- Anne Frank , sahamba ngaphaya kuqala. Ivulekile ukususela ngo-9 ukuya ku-9 ntambama, ukususela ngo-Ephreli 1. Iimitha zide kakhulu, kwaye awukwazi ukuthatha uhambo olulungelelanisiweyo. Ukuhamba kusasa okanye emva kokutya kusiza ukugcina ulinde ngaphantsi.
Emva kokuhamba ngexeshana okanye ukutyelela indlu ka-Anne Frank, sasiya kwisikhululo sikhululo ukutyelela kwiCandelo leKhenketho kufuphi nalapho sithenge amathikithi e-tram.
I-tram yesangqa yindlela yokuhamba nge-tram-off-off-off ehamba phambili ehamba phambili kwisixeko sakwa-Amsterdam kwimiba mibini ehamba phambili kwiindawo ezikhangayo kunye namahotele. Ngombolo ye-tram yesangqa 20, kulula ukuhamba ukusuka kwelinye iqhenqele ukuya kwelinye ngaphandle kokutshintsha imigca.
Ekubeni imozulu yayingumdaka, sasiya kwelinye lemyuziyam ngaphandle kweRijksmuseum. I-Amsterdam inezinto ezininzi ezikhangayo kunye neemyuziyamu yazo zonke izinto ezithandayo. Iimyuziyam ezimbini zihlala kwindawo epaki enkulu ekuhambeni komnye kunye neRijksmuseum. Imyuziyamu yaseVincent van Gogh iquka imibala yakhe engama-200 (eyanikelwa ngumzalwana kaVoowgh uTheo) kunye nemifanekiso engama-500 kwakunye nemisebenzi yamanye amaqhinga e-19 eyaziwayo. Kufumaneka kufuphi neRijksmuseum. Ngasemva kweMyuziyam yaseVan Gogh, i-Museum yaseStedelijk yamaMyuzi yamanje igcwele imisebenzi emnandi ngabaculi bexesha eliqhelekileyo.
Iimpawu ezininzi zephondo lokugqibela ezifana ne-modernism, ubugcisa be-pop, ukupenda kwento, kunye ne-neo-realityalism.
I-Museum Resistance Museum (iVerzetsmuseum), ngaphesheya kwesitrato ukusuka kwi-zoo, ibonisa ukuchaswa kwamaDatshi kwimikhosi yaseJamani yeMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Iimpapasho zeefilimu zengxowa kunye neendaba ezichaphazelayo zokufihla amaYuda angamaYuda aseJamani zizisa izinto eziphazamisayo zokuhlala kwisixeko esihlala kuyo. Okuthakazelisayo kukuba, i-museum iphinde ibe kufuphi nendawo eyayisakuba yindawo yokudlala yaseSchouwburg, eyayisetyenziswa njengendawo yokubamba yamaYuda alindele ukuthutha ukuya kwiinkampu zoxinzelelo. Le midlalo yikhumbuzo.
Emva kohambo lwethu lokuhamba ngobusuku kwaye sihamba okanye si tyelela umzi okwesikhashana, sabuyela ehotele size sihlambulule isidlo sakusihlwa. I-Amsterdam inemveliso enkulu yokutya. Ekubeni sasikhathele ukusuka kwindiza yethu yobusuku, sasidla isidlo esikufutshane kufuphi nehotele yethu. Ngomso sasiya kujoyina iYurophu yaseViking.
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Sajoyina iViking Yurophu ngosuku lwethu lwesibili e-Amsterdam. Abanye bethu abahambahamba nabo bachitha iintsuku ezintathu e-Amsterdam njengenxalenye yepakethe yokwandiswa kwempahla yangaphambili. Abanye bahamba ngobusuku obuvela eU.SA baza bafika e-Amsterdam ekuseni. Sonke sasivuyiswa malunga nohambo oluzayo kwaye sihlangane nabahlobo abatsha.
Emva kokuphumla kweCawa kusasa ngokuhlola indawo esele kufuphi nehotele yethu, mna noJuanda sithatha iteksi emkhombeni.
Sasichithe ixesha lethu sihamba ezitrato kunye namanxiwa esi sixeko esihle kwaye sihambele i-Anne Frank House. I-ofisi yezokhenketho kufuphi neCentral Station yayihamba ngee-tours ezenzelwe ukukuthabatha ezinye zezona ndawo zinomdla kakhulu.
IYurophu yaseViking yayifakwe ngokukhawuleza kufuphi neCentral Station. Sinokutyelela kwinqanaba ngeCawa. Nangona ndathabathe uhambo lwe-canal e-Amsterdam ngaphambili, kwakuyithuba elihle leJuanda ukufumana ngaphezulu kwesi sixeko. Ukwakhiwa kwe-Amsterdam kunomdla kakhulu, kwaye amabali malunga nomzi kunye namanzi ayo angamangalisa kakhulu, kumnandi ukuzibona ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
Ekupheleni kosuku, sabuyela eYurophu yaseViking ukuba "siyakwamukela" kwi-cocktail kunye nokuhlwa. I-Yurophu yaseViking yahlala ngobusuku obude, kwaye sahamba ngokuhamba nge-Amsterdam ngosuku olulandelayo.
IYurophu yaseViking inabantwana baka-3 abafana, iViking Pride, uMoya, ne-Neptune, kwaye bonke bakhiwe ngo-2001.
Iinqanawa zinamamitha angama-375 ubude, zinezikhonkwane ezi-3 kunye neekhabhi ezingama-75, nganye zihlambele zangasese kunye nesitya, umnxeba, i-TV, ukhuselekile, umoya womoya kunye noboya bezinwele. Ngabakhweli abangama-150 kunye nabasebenzi abangama-40, sadibana nabaninzi abahambahamba nabo. Iikhampasi ziyi-120 square feet okanye i-154 feet square, ngakho ke indawo yayanele.
Asizange sichithise ixesha elide kwikhabini lethu ukususela kwimihla esasiyiyo yokuphuma kwii-tulips okanye ukubona iindawo zaseDutch.
Sahlala ngolunye usuku e-Amsterdam waza waya kwiFlorade ye-horticultural fair and Rijksmuseum ngebhasi yebhasi.
Floriade
Ndiyithande le ntengiso ekhethekileyo ye-horticultural, egcinwa kanye kuphela kwiminyaka eyi-10. I-Floriade yavulwa ngo-Ephreli yaza yahamba ngo-Oktobha 2002. Iindwendwe zezigidi ezintathu zavakashela i-horticultural exposure. Sasilapho ngexesha le-tulip "eliphambili", kodwa i-tulips yaqhakaza kwi-Floriade ukususela ngo-Ephreli ukuya kutsho ngomhla wokugqibela ngo-Oktobha. Umlimi weTulip uDirk Jan Haakman wasebenzisa ukugcina ubusika ukukhusela ezi ntyatyambo ezintle. Ngentwasahlobo, wahlaziya i-tulips rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini, kamva ngeli xesha kanye ngeveki.
Umxholo kaPloriade 2002 wawuthi "Yiva ubuGcisa beNdalo", kwaye safumana ithuba lokwenza loo nto.Abavakatye bahamba ngeentlambo ezinemibala yezilwanyana eziyizigidi. Amajeya ase-Asia, aseAfrika naseYurophu avumela ukuba sibone iiflethi ezijikeleze hlabathi.
Umyezo kunye nomklami womhlaba u-Niek Roozen wenzelwe icebo le-Floriade 2002. Wabandakanya izinto ezikhoyo zendalo, ezifana neGenie Dike, inxalenye yama-anti-defense ase-Amsterdam, kunye ne-Haarlemmermeerse Bos (iminyaka engama-20 ubudala).
Uphahla lweglasi kwinqanaba lepaki kufuphi nophahla lwalumkhenkce. Kwakukho ipiramidi kwi-Haarlemmermeer. Kuthathe i-500,000 cubic metres yesihlabathi ukuze kwakhiwe i-Big Spotters Hill. Ngaphezulu kwesi siqendu se-30-meter-high-observation sasimise umsebenzi wobugcisa ngo-Auke de Vries.
Ipaki yePloriade yayinamacandelo amathathu, kufuphi ne-Roof, yi-Hill kunye neLake. Icandelo ngalinye lalinomgangatho walo kunye nomoya. Ukongezelela, ngalinye licandelo liguqulela umxholo oyintloko wePloriade ngendlela yayo. Icandelo elikufutshane neNqanawa lalikho kwicala elisenyakatho yepaki kwaye lidibene nomnyango ongasentla. Ukuvula ngeGenie Dike kukhokelela kwicandelo lesibini, kwiNtaba, ukuya ngasentshona-ntshona ye kufuphi neDoof. Ukongezelela kwezantsi kwakukho kwicandelo lesithathu, kwiLake. Eli candelo likhusele inxalenye esemantla ye-Haarlemmermeerse Bos, eyasungulwa ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo.
Rijksmuseum
Le mimyuzi enqabileyo iyisango lekota yeMyuziyam. UPierre Cuypers, umqambi onye owakha iCentral Station, wakha le myuziyamu ngo-1885. Musa ukumangaliswa ukuba ucinga ukuba izakhiwo ziyafana! I-Rijksmuseum yi-museum ye-museum e-Amsterdam, yamkele iindwendwe ezingaphezu kwe-1.2 yezigidi ngonyaka. Kukho iinqununu ezi-5 ezinkulu kwiimyuziyam, kodwa i-"Paintings" icandelo mhlawumbi lidumileyo. Apha uya kufumana amakhosikazi aseDutch neFlemish ukusuka kwi-15 ukuya kwekhulu le-19. I-Nightwatch enkulu kaRembrandt yinto ebonakalayo kweli candelo. Andizange ndiqaphele ukuba lo mdwebo ovelele wawungumgubo obuninzi! Umzobo wawungekho ekuqaleni ubizwa ngokuba yi-Nightwatch. Leli gama lalinalo igama ngenxa yokuba yonke into ebuncwane kwaye idibanise iqokelele kwiminyaka yayinika ubonakale obumnyama. Umzobo ubuye wabuyiselwa kwaye ungokoqobo.
Kwasekupheleni kwemini xa sabuyela eYurophu yaseViking. Sonke sasikhathele ukusuka namhlanje kwiPloriade kunye neRijksmuseum. Sasuka e-Amsterdam kuVolendam, e-Edam nase-Enkhuizen.
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Emva kokuhamba e-Amsterdam, sahamba ngomntla siye eVolendam, e-Edam, nase-Enkhuizen e-Noord Holland. Emva kokuchitha ubusuku eVolendam , iqela lethu lalihamba ngebhasi ngelizwe laseDutch elikude lase-Edam, ikhaya leentshizi ezidumile emhlabeni. Eya eHoorn, ebizwa ngokuba yichweba layo elisempondo, kwaye ekugqibeleni uye e-Enkhuizen, apho safumana khona kwakhona iinqanawa.
Edam
I-Edam iyimizuzu engama-30 yokuhamba ngasentla kwe-Amsterdam, kodwa idolophana kunye neendawo ezinokuthi zitshintshile ziyiyintshintsho ehlaziya emva kwesixeko esiqhekezayo.
Ngesinye isikhathi, i-Edam yayinee-shipyards ezingaphezu kwe-30 kwaye yayingxowanxu elixakekile. Ngoku isixeko sabantu abangama-7000 kuphela sithule kwaye sinoxolo, ngaphandle kweemarike zangoJulayi no-Agasti. Sambona i-Kaaswaag endala, indlu yesisindo esinomsila, apho iilidi ezingama-250 000 zeeshizi zithengiswa ngonyaka. I-Edam nayo ineemigodi ekhethekileyo, imigodi yokuloba kunye neendawo zokugcina izinto.
Hoorn
I-Hoorn yakuba yindlunkulu yeWest Friesland kunye nekhaya leNkampani yaseDutch East India, ngoko ke yayiyidolophu ephakamileyo ephakamileyo kwiphondo le-17. Ngoku iHoorn yikhaya elikufuphi eligcwele ii-yachts, kwaye ichweba eliqhelekileyo lihlanganiswe namakhaya agxilileyo. I-Hoorn yayinabani-2 abadumileyo abahamba ngomkhombe - omnye waba ngowokuqala ukuhamba ngomgama we-South America ngo-1616 waza wabiza igama lakhe emva komzi wakubo-eKapa. Umqhubi wesibini wathola iNew Zealand kunye neTasmania kwiminyaka embalwa kamva.
Enkhuizen
I-Enkhuizen yenye yezona zixeko ezihle kakhulu kwi-peninsula yaseWest Frisian, kwaye savuya ukuchitha ubusuku apho.
Njengamanye amadolophu amanxweme, i-Enkhuizen yokuqala yakuba ngethuba leempahla zorhwebo zaseDatshi. Nangona kunjalo, xa i-Zuiderzee yaqala ukudibanisa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17, inxaxheba ka-Enkhuizen njengechweba ebalulekileyo nayo yomiswa. Idolophana encinci ibuyele kwi-Zuiderzeemuseum, ukubukeka kwimbali ebalulekileyo ebomini kwimbutho ngaphambi kokuba i-bay ishicilelwe ngo-1932.
Iimyuziyam ziqukethe imyuziyam evulekile ebonakalayo njengedolophana yase-Zuiderzee ukususela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, izalisekile nabemi kwiingubo zendabuko.
Emva kokuchitha usuku e-Noord Holland, sasidla kwaye silala ebusuku kwiViking Yurophu ngelixa sitsho e-Enkhuizen.
Ngomso kwiViking Yurophu yaseDutch yaseRussia, sasityelele ibhasi ye-Friesland isithili saseNetherlands kunye nedolophana laseHindeloopen. Saphinda sibuyele emkhombeni eLimmer ukuba sihambe ngomlambo i-Ijssel River emva kokutya kwi-Kampen.
Ummandla weFriesland
IFriesland ibedla ngokuba yi-lake yesithili saseNetherlands. It flat, green, kwaye inamachibi amaninzi. Ummandla uphinde uzele iinkomo ezimnyama nezingamhlophe, zibiza amagama aseFrisian. Abahlali baseFriesland bahlala kwilizwe elininzi, kwaye amabali endala ayaziswa malunga neentsuku zokuqala zehlabathi "elitsha" kangangokuba ngamanye amaxesha kwakunzima ukuxelela ukuba wawunomdaka wamanzi okanye udaka lwamanzi!
Omnye wabasetyhini abanomdla obizwa ngokuba ngummandla waseFriesland ikhaya lakhe lalibizwa ngokuba nguTata Hari ovela kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I. Kukho imyuziyam e-Mata Hari eLeeuwarden, inkulu yeFriesland. I-Leeuwarden ineminye iminyuziyamu enomdla - iMyuziyam ye-Fries kunye ne-Princessehof Museum. Imyuziyam ye-Fries ichaza ibali leenkcubeko zesiFrisi kwaye ineziqwenga ezininzi zesilivere-ixesha elide lizodwa zezakhono zobuFrisi.
Imyuziyamu ye-Princessehof yindawo yokubumba okanye izithandwa ze-ceramic. I-Princessehof inamateyili avela kwihlabathi jikelele, kunye nezinto ezikhethileyo ezivela kwiMpuma Ekude.
Ukutyelela kwethu kwanyuka eHindeloopen, idolophana encinane kwi-Ijsselmeer. Idolophu enemifanekiso ineemingxube, amabhuloho amancinci, kunye namanzi amnandi. I-Hindeloopen yenye yeedolophu eziphambili kwi-Elfstedentocht, i-Eleven Cities Race. Isiganeko sokukhawuleka kwe-marathon senzeke ngama-200km ubude kwaye ixesha lokurekhoda lingaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-6. Uhlanga lweNqununu elishumi elinesibhozo lwenzeka kwiNgingqi yeFriesland, kodwa lugcinwe kuphela kwiminyaka xa zonke iinqanawa zichithwe. Uhlanga "lwangonyaka" luye lwaqhutywa kuphela ngamaxesha angama-15 ukususela ngo-1909. Uhlanga alukwazi ukucwangciswa kuze kube seentsuku ezingama-3 ngaphambi kokuba luqhutywe, kwaye isithili sonke sithatha inxaxheba kwi-skating, ukusebenza, okanye ukubukela umcimbi.
Uvakala ngathi uyonwabile!
Kampen
Inqanawa emfutshane kwi-Ijssel River iya kuzisa i-Viking Yurophu ukuya kwi-Kampen. Le dolophana encinci ayinakunyulwa ngabakhenkethi, njengamanye amadolophu ase-Overijssel. Sahamba nohambo lwe-Kampen, siyeka ukubona iNieuwe Tower kunye necawa ye-14 yeBovenkerk yekhulu le-14.
Umxhasi
Umlambo weViking uhambele yonke isidlo seKaputeni, ukuma kwisixeko saseHanseatic saseDeventer ebusuku. Umngceli wayexakeke ichweba kude kube ngo-800 AD. Namhlanje isixeko sinomyinge ohambelanayo wee-canals ezithakazelisayo kunye nolwakhiwo oluntle kwizakhiwo zayo ezininzi. Abanye abagibeli bethu bahambahamba ngeenxa zonke kwidolophana emva kokutya. Enye yezinto ezintle malunga nomlambo umlambo kukuba iinqanawa zihlala zihlala kwindawo ephakathi kwedolophu.
Page 5>> ngakumbi kwiViking iYurophu iRussia Uhambo lweMoto>>
Arnhem
Nabani oye wafunda iMfazwe Yehlabathi II uqhelene nomzi waseDutch waseArnhem. Isixeko sasiqhelaniswe ngexesha leMfazwe, kwaye amawaka amabutho aseBrithani abulawa kufuphi neArnhem ngenye yezinto ezilahlekileyo ezidibeneyo zeMfazwe - Operation Market Garden. Sahamba waya e-Arnhem ngexesha leentsuku zokusa ukusuka kwisixeko saseHanseatic saseDeventer, siyamkela iindawo eziqhelekileyo endleleni. Emva kocwangciso lwethu oluxakekileyo, umlambo umlambo wawuvulekileyo!
Xa sifika e-Arnhem, sathuthela kwisikhululo se-motor for the short ride ukuya kwi-Museum Open Air Museum yaseNetherlands (Nederlands Openluchtmuseum). Le epaki ye-acre i-18 ibonisa ukuqokelela kwezakhiwo zakudala kunye neendawo zokufakelwa kuzo zonke indawo kwilizwe. Kukho into encinane. Amaziko asekudala asepulazini, iipilisi zomoya, ii-trams kunye neendibano zokusebenzela ziyafumaneka ukuze zihlolwe. Ukongezelela, iingubo zengubo ezibonakalayo zibonakalisa izakhono zendabuko ezifana nokugqoka kunye nokukhwabanisa. Iqela lethu laphuma kwiMyuziyam ye-Open Air efundiswe ngekcubeko kunye nelifa lemveli eNetherlands.
Emva koko, sasifike kwisixeko somoya - Kinderdijk!
Kinderdijk
Ngomso woluhambo lwethu lwaseDutch kwiYurophu yaseViking yaqala ngekhefu lokusa eKinderdijk. SasiseKinderdijk ukubona izithambiso zomoya! I-Kinderdijk isekhilomitha ezili-60 kumzantsi we-Amsterdam kwaye yenye yezinto eziziwayo kakhulu zaseHolland kunye kunye neZaanse Schans, iKinderdijk mhlawumbi yimizekelo emihle kakhulu egcinwe kuyo yonke indawo yaseDutch.
Imifanekiso ye-Kinderdijk landsmill landscape ibonakala kuyo yonke incwadi yesithombe kwi-Holland. Ngo-1997, iindlwana ze-Kinderdijk zafakwa kwiLungu leNgcaciso yehlabathi le-UNESCO.
Izixhobo zomoya ezilishumi elinesibhozo ezenziwa phakathi kwee-1700 ziphezu kweeNxweme zeLek kwaye zimi phezu kwemifula. Iimoto zomoya eziseKinderdijk ziza kwiindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo, kwaye zonke zigcinwa kwiimeko zokusebenza.
AmaDatshi aphindaphindile umhlaba kule ndawo kangangamakhulu eminyaka, kwaye ukuba uhlala eKinderdijk ngoMgqibelo ngoJulayi okanye ngo-Agasti, unokukwazi ukubona zonke iifomm wind zisebenza ngokufanayo. Kufuneka ukuba ube ngumbono!
Ngemva kwemini, sahamba waya eRotterdam, echwepheni yaseYurophu. I-Rotterdam yayicatshulwa ngokupheleleyo kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ngomhla ka-Meyi 1940, urhulumente waseJamani wakhupha i-ultimatum kuRhulumente waseDatshi-okanye ukuzinikela okanye izixeko ezinjengeLotterdam zaza kubhujiswa. Urhulumente waseNetherlands wanikela kumaJamani, kodwa iindiza zase zivele zifudumele. Uninzi lweziko lomuzi waseRotterdam labhujiswa. Ngenxa yale ntshabalalo, ubuninzi be minyaka engama-50 + edlulileyo sele isetyenziselwe ukwakha isixeko. Namhlanje isixeko sinokubukeka okungafani naliphi na isixeko saseYurophu.
Ngomso saza saza kubona iidumi zaseKeukenhof eziqhelekileyo kufuphi ne-Amsterdam.
Uhambo lwethu lwaseDutch kwiViking yaseYurophu umlambo weenqanawa lwaluhamba malunga nangoko sasiya kwindawo eya kuqala yandinomdla wokutyelela eNetherlands entwasahlobo - iKeukenhof Gardens.
Emva kokuchitha ubusuku eYurophu yaseViking ehambela eRotterdam, sahamba siye eSchoonhoven, edume ngegolide kunye nesilivere. Ngethuba e-Schoonhoven, sasinendwendwe yokuhamba kwidolophana, yaye mna noJuanda sathenga iimpahla zegolide zesilivere.
Emva kwesidlo sasemini esikolweni, sahamba ngomkhumbi kwaye sahamba sidlulile kwilizwe laseKeukenhof Gardens.
Keukenhof
I-Keukenhof yintsimi enkulu yehlabathi yegadi. Ingaba malunga neekhilomitha ezili-10 ngasezantsi eHaarlem, kufuphi needolophu zikaHillegom noLisse. Le epaki ye-acre engama-65 idonsa abantu abangaphezu kwe-800,000 kwiindwendwe ngexesha le-8 yeveki ye-tulip ngexesha eliphakathi kwe-Matshi ukuya ngo-Meyi. (Ixesha litshintsha unyaka ngamnye.)
Abagadi balimi baseKeukenhof badibanisa uhlobo kunye neendlela zokufakelwa ukuvelisa izigidi zeetuli kunye ne-daffodils ngexesha elifanayo ngonyaka. Ukongeza kwi-tulips kunye ne-daffodils, i-hyacinths namanye ama-bulb bulb, izihlahla eziqhakazayo, imithi yamandulo kunye nezinye izityalo eziqhambileyo zikhona ukuzonwabisa kunye nokuvakalisa iindwendwe. Ukongezelela, kukho imibukiso engaphakathi elishumi okanye iintyatyambo zeentyatyambo kunye nezitiya ezisixhenxe zegadi.
Umyezo unendawo yokuthengisa iikhofi kunye neendawo zokutyela ezine.
Keukenhof Gardens yenza zonke iifoto zibukeke njengezobugcisa. Andizange ndenze imifanekiso enokubongwa okuninzi njengabo ndathabatha eKeukenhof naseFloride e-Netherlands entwasahlobo.
Saphinda sibuyele esi sikhephe e-Amsterdam kwaye sasise-Dock e-Amsterdam ngobusuku.
Ngentsasa elandelayo, sahamba ekhaya siye e-Atlanta ukusuka e-Amsterdam. Ngohambo lwethu lokuhamba ngobusuku e-Amsterdam, ndandifumene nemimoya yomoya, izicathulo, izicathulo zokhuni, kunye nezo zibalo ezibalulekileyo. Endleleni eya ekhaya, ndingazibonga ngokucacileyo ezo zikhumbuzo zaseNetherlands zithokoza ngethuba lethu lokutyelela!
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